Name: Lab sect. (TA/time): Biology 317 Spring 2011 Second Hourly Exam 5/13/11 1) (30 pts) Match the letter of the family on the right with the unknown plant described on the left. Some of the families may be used more than once or not at all; all plant descriptions should be matched to a family. Herb, opposite leaves, 5-parted flowers, 5 fused carpels, freecentral placentation Tree, opposite leaves, 5-parted flowers with nectary disk, schizocarp Herb, flower parts in 4s, versatile anthers with pollen in tetrads Tree, dioecious with flowers in catkins, hairy seeds shrub, pinnately compound leaves with stipules, many stamens, many carpels, inferior ovary Shrub, tough leathery leaves, pendant urn-shaped flowers Herb, 5-parted radial flowers arranged in scorpioid cyme, nutlets Succulent green stems covered with spines, flowers with many tepals and stamens Herb, 4-parted flowers, 6 stamens, glucosinolates Herb, 5-parted flowers, zygomorphic, lower petal forms nectar spur Tree, compound leaves with entire margins and stipules, zygomorphic flowers with 10 stamens Herb, 5-parted flowers, actinomorphic symmetry, fused corollas, 3 stigma lobes Herb, connivent anthers with terminal pores, epipetalous stamens, 2 fused carpels; capitate stigma; fruit a berry Herb, palmately lobed leaves, 5-parted flowers, 10 stamens, 2 carpels partially fused at base A) Aceraceae B) Boraginaceae C) Brassicaceae D) Cactaceae E) Caryophyllaceae F) Ericaceae G) Fabaceae H) Malvaceae I) Onagraceae J) Polemoniaceae K) Polygonaceae L) Portulacaceae M) Rosaceae N) Salicaceae O) Saxifragaceae P) Solanaceae Q) Violaceae Herb, stellate hairs, 5-parted flowers, 5 fused carpels with axile placentation 1
2) (10) There is a tremendous diversity of chemical compounds in plants and they serve many functions. Identify a function for each of the class of compounds listed AND a family in which these compounds are found. Function Family Betalains Alkaloids Iridoids Anthocyanins Glucosinolates 3a) (2) What is meant by a pollination syndrome? 3b) (8) Describe the traits associated with following pollination syndromes. Buzz pollination Hummingbird pollination Moth pollination Carrion fly pollination 2
4) (18) Circle the best answer from the choices available with each question. Which of the following is included in the Core Asteridae AND is a monophyletic group? a) Ericaceae b) Polemoniaceae c) Cornaceae d) Solanaceae e) Hydrophyllaceae Three-parted flowers are typical of the monocots, a group we have not yet studied. However, we have learned some families that have SOME (for example: just sepals or just stamens) OR ALL of their floral parts in threes. Which combination of families has some or all of their floral parts in threes: a) Boraginaceae, Solanaceae, and Cactaceae b) Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, and Hydrophyllaceae c) Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, and Polemoniaceae d) Violaceae, Polygonaceae, and Polemoniaceae e) Salicaceae, Rosaceae, and Fabaceae Which of the following is NOT associated with flag flowers in the Fabaceae? a) Banner b) fused keel petals c) tetradynamous stamens d) bilateral symmetry e) wing petals Serpentine soils are a) bands of soil types in a twisting pattern on the landscape b) naturally occurring soils with high levels of certain ions (e.g., Ni, Fe, Mg) that are toxic to most plants c) soils known to be populated by many snakes d) the most common soil type in Washington State e) soils poisoned by human activity where few plants can grow Versatile anthers means that a) Two are long and two are short b) They are capable of both self- and cross-pollination c) They are attached to the filament by a thin connective tissue d) Some flowers have both stamens and pistils, while others have pistils only e) The number of anthers is variable Which of the following is NOT typical of plants in the subclass Rosidae? a. flowers polypetalous b. two integuments surrounding the ovule c. perianth parts arranged in whorls d. monocolpate pollen e. seeds with two cotyledons 3
5) (9) The west slope of the Cascade Range receives lots of rain and is covered by dense forest vegetation with relatively low species diversity, while the east slope receives less rain and has more open forests giving way to shrub/grassland as one moves out of the mountains and exhibits more species diversity. a) What process or processes gave rise to the Cascade range? b) Explain, in general terms, the physics of why there is more rainfall on the west side than on the east side of the Cascades. c) Explain why there is lower species diversity on the west side than on the east side of the Cascades. 6a) (3) The large clade Asteridae contains approximately 25% of all flowering plant species. However, this currently recognized group was only identified recently based on DNA sequences. List three synapomorphies for the group AND provide a brief description of what each is. 6b) (3) Before the evidence from DNA sequences became available, there was a group of families often called Asteridae, but now referred to as the Core Asteridae. List three traits that are typical of these families. 6c) (2) Why do you think Asteridae, as we now recognize them, were not recognized so previously (hint: answer has nothing to do with DNA sequences)? 4
7) (10) Briefly define the following terms. You may use a sketch to aid in your definition. a) areoles b) hypanthium c) vegetation d) brush flower e) stellate hairs 8) (2) Describe the vegetation of the Puget Sound lowlands in the vicinity of what is now Seattle approximately 15,000 years ago. 9) (3) Identify three distinctive characteristics of the clade Caryophyllales (called subtribe Caryophyllinae in the textbook, Judd et al., 3 rd edition). 5