Theme 3. Plate tectonics theory

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Theme 3. Plate tectonics theory 3.1. General principles 3.2. Mantle convection 3.3. Types of plate boundaries

Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever The lithosphere is underlain by a plastic layer of the mantle, the asthenosphere, over which the plates can move.

The theory of plate tectonics describes: -the movement of plates; -the forces acting between them.

The theory of plate tectonics explains: -continental drift; -volcanoes; -earthquakes; -the distribution of mountain chains; -rock assemblages; -structures on the seafloor.

Continental drift 3.1. General principles Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

Source: USGS

Source: internet

Source: USGS

Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

Plate tectonics theory by whom?

Plate tectonics theory by whom? By the close of the nineteenth century, Eduard Suess had put together some of the pieces of the puzzle. Source: internet

Plate tectonics theory by whom? Remarkable similarity of rocks, geologic structures, and fossils on opposite sidesoftheatlantic Alfred Wegener(1915) Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

Plate tectonics theory by whom? In the early 1960s, Harry Hess and Robert Dietz proposed that the crust separates along the rifts in mid-ocean ridges and that new seafloor forms by upwelling of hot new crust into these cracks. Source: internet

Plate tectonics theory by whom? -by a group of geologists and other scientists. The basic elements of the plate tectonics theory were established by the end of 1968.

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

PANGAEA? Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.2. Mantle convection

3.2. Mantle convection

3.2. Mantle convection Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.2. Mantle convection Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.2. Mantle convection The general process, in which hotter material rises and cooler material sinks, is called convection.

3.2. Mantle convection The convecting mantle and its overlying mosaic of lithospheric plates constitute the plate tectonic system. Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: USGS

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever

3.3. Types of plate boundaries Source: Understanding Earth J.Grotzinger, T.H. Jordan, F. Press, R. Siever