Course Descrip,on Topics Possible FRQ topics
Unit1 Geography and Nature and Perspec,ves Loca,on, space, place, scale, paberns, regionaliza,on, and globaliza,on. Interpreta,on of maps and spa,al data Physical, poli,cal, thema,c, choropleth, dot, symbol, isoline, cartogram) Map projec,ons (Mercator, polar) Human impact on the environmental (sustainable agriculture) ( culture and coopera,on among countries (EU) from local to global scales Includes effects on land, water, atmosphere, popula,on, biodiversity, and climate Regionalism (refers to a group s perceived iden,fica,on with a par,cular region at any scale (Quebec) GIS/GPS
A Closer Look
Unit 2 Popula,on/Migra,on 1) DBR, CDR, TFR, IMR, DT, RNI and analysis of relevance in various countries (popula@on pyramid analysis) Social, poli@cal, economic implica@ons of aging 2) Refugee flow, immigra@on, internal migra@on and residen@al mobility Analyze historical migra@ons (Africans to Americas, immigra@on waves to the US and emigra@on from Europe and Asia to colonies abroad. Interconnectedness between popula@on and other units of study 3) Environmental degrada@on, natural hazards Popula@on redistribu@on 4) Malthus, Boserup, Gravity Model, DTM, ETM 5) Development of a country and the economic, social, poli@cal roles of women Influence of women/development on fer@lity rates, mortality rates and migra@on trends 6) The role, strengths, and weaknesses of major popula@on policies AWempt to either promote or restrict popula@on growth
Laws of migra,on Founder: Ernst Ravenstein Laws: 1. Every migra,on flow generates a return or counter- migra,on 2. The majority of migrants move a short distance 3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big- city des,na,ons 4. Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas 5. Families are less likely to make interna,onal moves than young adults Based on studies of internal migra,on in England
DTM with ETM Pes@lence and Famine Receding Pandemics Chronic Disorders Degenera@ve Diseases Reemergence of infec@ous diseases? The Plague HIV/Aids Cholera Heart disease/ cancer Alzheimer's Parkinson's Resistant to medica,ons
The highest rates of HIV infection are in sub-saharan Africa. India and China have relatively high numbers of HIV-positive adults, but they constitute a lower percentage of the total population.
The first cases of avian flu were recorded in Southeast Asia. How did it diffuse?
Death from tuberculosis is a good indicator of a country's ability to invest in health care, because treating the disease is expensive.
HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES The lowest levels of per capita health care expenditure are in sub-saharan Africa and South Asia.
Theories of Popula,on Growth Thomas Malthus 1798 British economist First critic to note that the population was growing faster than the food supply
GLOBAL MIGRATION PATTERNS The width of the arrows shows the amount of net migration between regions of the world. Countries with net inmigration are in red, and those with net outmigration are in blue 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
U.S. Immigration Patterns U.S. has more foreign-born residents than any other country Approximately 43 million as of 2010 Growing by 1 million annually Three main eras of immigration in the U.S. Colonial settlement in 17 th and 18 th centuries From Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa Mass European immigration in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries Early phase: northern/western Europe Later: southern/eastern Europe Asian and Latin American immigration in the late 20 th and early 21 st centuries 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Migration from Latin America to the United States
Annual immigra,on to US!
Major sources and des,na,on of refugees!
Unit 3 1) Regional varia@ons of cultural pawerns and processes 2) Assess the spa@al and lace dimensions of cultural groups as defined by: Language, religion, ethnicity, and gender (both past and present) 3) cultural interac,on at various scales, along with the adapta,ons, changes, and conflicts that may result. 3) Diffusion is key to understanding how culture traits (such as: agricultural prac@ces, language, technology) move through @me and space And global and local forces result in new forms of cultural expression 4) Geographies of language, religion, ethnic and gender 5) Dis@nguish between languages and dialects, ethnic and universalizing religions, ethnic poli@cal movements, and pop/folk cultures Understand why each has a different geographic pawern 6) How culture shapes rela@onships between human and the environment Expressed through landscapes, built environments (interpret cultural values, tastes, symbolism, and sets of beliefs) Ex: Folk and contemporary architecture are rich and readily available means of comprehending the cultural landscape and how different cultures view it in separate way Ex: when analyzing Amish communi,es in the Western Hemisphere, it is important to understand how their unique values and prac,ces (e.g., lack of power lines to buildings and the use of preindustrial forms of transporta,on) influence the cultural landscape s
Unit 4 1) Territoriality how Earth s surface should be organized 2) Modern state and rela,onships between countries Different forces that shaped evolu,on of the contemporary world poli,cal map Rise of Na,on- states in Europe, influence of colonialism, rise of suprana,onal organiza,ons, and devolu,on of states 3) Inconsistencies between maps of poli,cal boundaries and maps of ethnic, economic, and environmental paberns 4) Forces that are changing the role of individual countries and the modern world Ethnic separa,sm, terrorism, economic globaliza,on, and social and environmental problems (such as climate change which can cross boundaries)
Unit 4 Con,nued 5)Regional alliances NATO, The EU, ASEAN, and NAFTA 6) Ways in which electoral districts, municipali,es, indigenous areas, and autonomous lands affect poli,cal, social, and economic processes.
Unit 5 1) Origin and diffusion of agriculture Characteris,cs of agricultural produc,on and land- use Impact of agriculture change on quality of life and the environments, and issues in contemporary agriculture 2) Where domes,ca,on originated and study the processes by which domes,cated crops and animals spread 3) Diffusion should make clear why regional paberns emerge in terms of diet, energy use, and adapta,on of biotechnology
Unit 5 cont. Extensive, intensive ac,vi,es as well as agriculture regions 2) SeBlment pabern and landscapes typical of each major agriculture type 3) Land survey systems, environmental condi,ons, sustainability, global food supply problems, and the cultural values that shape agriculture paberns 4) The roles of women in agriculture produc,on par,cularly in subsistence farming and market economies in the developing world
Unit 5 cont. 1) explana,on for paberns of rural land use and associated seblements (von thunen) Impacts of large- scale agribuinesses on food produc,on and consupmp,on Effects of economic and cultural globaliza,on on agriculture and the need to increase food supplies and produc,on capcity
Unit 6 Geographic elements of industrializa,on and economic development Compara,ve vs. Complementarity advantage Rostow s stages of economic growth and Wallerstein s World Systems theory. Understand programs like Millennium Development Goals to help understand why the world is a more developed core than periphery
Unit 6 cont. Understand measures of development (GDP, HDI, GII, and Gini coefficient) PaBerns of industrializa,on and its impacts on the theme of development. Understand Weber s theory, accent-,me space compression, and interna,onal division of labor and how they relate. Understand the reason why Asian countries developed rapidly compared to Sub- saharan africa in the 20 th century.
Unit 6 cont. Understand the emergence of service sectors (Silicon Valley, the Research Triangle, Universi,es, etc.) Countries that confront new paberns of economic inequality that are linked to geographies of interdependence in the world economy. Shih in manufacturing in NIC s, consump,on paberns, and roles of women in the labor force.
Unit 7 First subfield: Study of City Systems where and why ci,es are located Examine current historical distribu,on of ci,es and its poli,cal, economic, and cultural func,ons Reasons for differen,al growth Types of transporta,on and linkages to ci,es Theories like Christaller s central place theory, rank- size rule, and gravity model
Unit 7 cont. Second subfield: Internal structure and landscapes of ci,es and emphasizes what ci,es are like as places in which to live and work. Ethnic segrega,on, types of intracity transporta,on, architectural tradi,ons (neoclassical, modern, postmodern) Cycles of uneven development and environmental jus,ce (dispropor,onate loca,on of pollu,ng industries in low income minority residen,al areas)
Unit 7 cont. Development in the U.S./Canada (Concentric, Sector, mul,ple nuclei, and galac,c city model) Strengths and weaknesses of these models Economic systems, housing, finance, cultural, architectural history, and innova,ons that can be useful in the analysis of spa,al paberns in urban landscapes.
Unit 7 cont. Compara,ve Urbaniza,on European, North African, Middle Eastern, E and SE Asia, La,n America and Sub- Saharan African ci,es. Examine current trends in urban development that are affec,ng edge ci,es. Understand new urbanism, Smart Growth, and Gentrifica,on of ci,es. Evaluate sustainable urban planning design ini,a,ves, mixed use commercial and residen,al development that reduce energy use and protect the environment of future ci,es.