NREM 407/507 April 9 1. Jordan River today Danube on Tuesday 2. Quiz 3. Discuss Stream Bank Stabilization 4. Lab Tuesday bring gloves, waders if you have them & be ready to get muddy, learn & have fun. 5. Read paper: Riparian forest buffers in agroecosystems - in RMS Packet
Channel Junction Bar
Mid-channel bars Onion Creek Channel junction bars Squaw Creek
International Rivers Project Syr Darya & Amu Darya Aral Sea Jordan River Ob & Irtysh Rivers Yellow River Niger/Benue Nile River Paraguay & Parana Rivers Congo Ganges Mekong/Tonle Sap Tigris & Euphrates
Quiz Rules: a) All Group b) Closed Book/Notes c) Timed d) No Return to Questions
6 am Today X X X What is the direction of the wind in Ames? What is the direction of the wind in Chicago? What is the direction of the wind in Atlanta? 1 3 minutes
6 am Today N/NE/NW X X X CALM What is the direction of the wind in Ames? What is the direction of the wind in Chicago? What is the direction of the wind in Atlanta? 3 minutes 3 points 1
West-side Cascades British Columbia Compare the following by stating BC is >, =, < than Moab: 2 a) Mass movement vs erosion (think carefully) b) Drainage density Moab Utah c) Total annual discharge as % of total annual precip. d) Base flow as % of total annual discharge e) Sediment load in channel f) Perennial vs intermittency 5 minutes
West-side Cascades British Columbia Compare the following by stating BC is >, =, < than Moab: 3 a) Mass movement vs erosion (BC MASS; MOAB EROSION) b) Drainage density (>MOAB) Moab Utah c) Total annual discharge as % of total annual precip. (>MOAB) d) Base flow as % of total annual discharge (>BC) e) Sediment load in channel (>MOAB) f) Perennial vs intermittency (BC PERENNIAL; MOAB INTERMITTENT) 5 minutes 2 points each
List major factors that control soil erosion by water & explain why for each Hint: USLE A = RKLSCP (no definitions also pictures) 3 6 minutes
List major factors that control soil erosion by water & explain why for each Hint: USLE A = RKLSCP (no definitions also pictures) 3 6 minutes 1. Rainfall erosivity (intensity, raindrop size, duration) 2. Soil erosivity (texture, structure influence erosion) 3. % slope (steeper more erosion) 4. Slope length (longer slope more speed, more erosion) 5. Cropping practice (land-use) 6. Conservation practices (perennial vs annual vs urban also land-use) 2 points each
The most sensitive portion of a watershed in terms of water quality is its floodplain. Name the numbered features. 4 5 8 6 4 7 4 minutes
The most sensitive portion of a watershed in terms of water quality is its floodplain. Name the numbered features. 4 Or by-pass 4 minutes 1 point each
Differentiate between ephemeral gullies, classic gullies also called ephemeral channels & intermittent & perennial channels & relate their dynamics to the variable source area concept A channel system is dynamic may begin with rills that connect to gullies which connect to stream channels their water content expands & contracts (12 pts) # 5-8 minutes 1. Ephemeral small gully, can be tilled over, leaves depression, no WT contact, runs only during & shortly after rains (2 pts) 2. Classic gully or ephemeral channels large gully, can no longer be crossed, no WT contact, runs only during & shortly after rains (2 pts) 3. Intermittent channels in contact with WT during the wet season so run seasonally (2 pts) 4. Perennial channels in contact with WT 90% or more during the year (2 pts) VSA only area near streams provides most of the base flow as soil wets during spring WT rises more channels have flow channel system expands as season dries WT drops more and more channels dry up during storms active channel system extends up into gullies and rills. (4 pts) 5
Ames 2008 North Grand Mall Diagram a fully labeled Storm Flow Hydrograph For Ames 2008 & 1930 13 th St Both on same axis Label parts of hydrograph Target Walmart North Grand Mall Jack Trice #6 5 minutes 13 th St Ames 1930 JT T W
Ames 2008 North Grand Mall 13 th St Diagram a fully labeled Storm Flow Hydrograph For Ames 2008 & 1930 Both on same axis #6 5 minutes Label parts of hydrograph Target Walmart North Grand Mall Jack Trice stormflow 2008 1 pt each red circle 4 pts for curve shapes Peaks apart & 2008 higher, antecedent higher for 1930, baseflow higher for 1930, less stormflow area under 1930 curve (12 points total) 13 th St 1930 Ames 1930 JT T W
5 minutes 7 There are major changes in stream dynamics moving down stream from the headwaters to the mouth of a river. Describe whether there are increases or decreases in the following variables as you move from upstream to downstream. Channel: a) Slope b) Width c) Depth d) Sinuosity e) Velocity f) Discharge g) Size of bed material h) Relative volume of stored alluvium
5 minutes 7 There are major changes in stream dynamics moving down stream from the headwaters to the mouth of a river. Describe whether there are increases or decreases in the following variables as you move from upstream to downstream. Channel: a) Slope (decreases) b) Width (increases) c) Depth (increases) d) Sinuosity (increases) e) Velocity (decreases) f) Discharge (increases) g) Size of bed material (decreases) h) Relative volume of stored alluvium (increases) 1 point each 8 total
Water availability & quality varies by major watersheds around the world Name each numbered watershed. 10 7 1 #8 4 minutes 6 5 4 3 2 8 9
Water availability & quality varies by major watersheds around the world Name each numbered watershed. Syr Darya & Amu Darya Aral Sea 10 Ob & Irtysh Rivers #8 4 minutes Niger/Benue 6 Nile River 5 4 7 3 Ganges 1 2 Yellow River Mekong/Tonle Sap Paraguay & Parana Rivers 8 9 Congo Tigris & Euphrates 1 point each 10 points
#9 5 minutes a) What major river in Africa has a major inland delta? b) What major river(s) we studied flow primarily north? c) What major Rivers that we discussed this semester have their headwaters on the Tibetan Plateau? d) What is the name of the longest river in the world that is located in Africa & begins in Lake Victoria & Burundi? e) The second largest hydroelectric dam in the world behind the Three Gorges Dam in China is located on the main channel of what South American River? f) What river(s) begin in Turkey? g) What river carries the largest sediment load in the world?
What river carries the largest sediment load in the world? Yellow 10 points one for each correct river a) What major river in Africa has a major inland delta? b) What major river(s) we studied flow primarily north? (Nile, Ob, Aral Sea) #9 5 minutes (Niger) c) What major Rivers that we discussed this semester have their headwaters on the Tibetan Plateau? (Yellow, Mekong, Ganges Don t need Ganges but OK if given) d) What is the name of the longest river in the world that is located in Africa & begins in Lake Victoria & Burundi? (Nile) e) The second largest hydroelectric dam in the world behind the Three Gorges Dam in China is located on the main channel of what South American River? (Parana) f) What river(s) begin in Turkey? (Tigris & Euphrates)
That s It! Have a Great Weekend Be Prepared for Stream Bank Rumble Next Week