H.-Jürgen Kluge GSI/Darmstadt and Universität Heidelberg TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada TITAN Workshop, June 10-11, 2005 "SHIPTRAP, HITRAP and MATS: Status and Plans for ion trap projects at GSI and FAIR" 1. Present GSI SHIPTRAP 2. Mid-term GSI HITRAP at the ESR 3. Future GSI HITRAP at the NESR and MATS at the SFRS 1
1. PRESENT GSI SHIPTRAP SHIPTRAP 3-20 3-20MeV/nucleon MeV/nucleon ESR 1-2 1-2GeV/nucleon GeV/nucleon 2
Synthesis and Identification of SHE at SHIP n 70 Zn 208 Pb 277 112 277 112 CN 273 Ds 11.45 MeV 280 µs 269 Hs 11.08 MeV 110 µ s 265 Sg 9.23 MeV 19.7 s known 261 Rf 4.60 MeV (escape) 7.4 s kinematic separation in flight 253 Fm 257 No 8.34 MeV 15.0 s 8.52 MeV 4.7 s identification by α-α correlations to known nuclides Date: 09-Feb-1996 Time: 22:37 h S. Hofmann et al. 3
SHIPTRAP stopping cell LMU München to buncher SHIP beam Neumayr et al. 4
FIRST MEASUREMENTS AT SHIPTRAP: 147 Ho, 147 Er, 148 Er 250 240 Mean TOF /µs 230 220 210 200 147 Ho 1 2 3 190-10 -5 0 5 10 Excitation frequency - 732227.26 /Hz Stopping Cell 1 2 fusion products from SHIP 4 5 6 Extraction RFQ Buncher 3 Purification Trap 4 Measurement Trap 6 5 Detector Downstream Experiments M. Block et al. 5
Penning Trap STATUS OF SHIPTRAP The concept of two traps (purification and precision traps in the very same superconducting magnet) is ok. The sister trap of SHIPTRAP (JVL- Trap at IGISOL facility in Jyväskylä/Finland is producing a large number of results. SHIPTRAP needs in addition a gas cell for stopping fusion products. The gas cell is very sensitive to chemical impurities. The validity of the conceptis shown by the CPT trap at Argonne and very recently by LEBIT at MSU. SHIPTRAP needs a lot more on-line beam time for commissioning and tests. Non-destructive single-ion detection is being developed at the University B-field z of Mainz. I low noise amplifier FFT Spectrum Analyzer excited ion at cyclotron orbit I induced ac-current dp/df mass spectrum SEGMENTED ELECTRODE FFT frequency Ch. Weber, K. Blaum et al. 6
The linear RFQ The segmented gas-filled linear RFQ s are essential. Without this development, the following facilities would not work or would have strong limitations: ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN, Switzerland CPT at Argonne, USA JVL-TRAP at Jyväskylä,, Finland SHIPTRAP at GSI, Germany GANIL trap at GANIL, France LEBIT at MSU, USA MISTRAL at ISOLDE/CERN, Switzerland TITAN at TRIUMF, Canada MLL-Trap at Munich, Germany 7
* and we wish you many more bottles and years Elke and Jürgen and The Trappers from GSI remember: heaven can be on earth 8
2. MID-TERM GSI HITRAP An ion trap facility for really highly-charged ions (q=z, Z-1, Z-2, Z-3, ) SHIPTRAP 3-20 3-20MeV/nucleon MeV/nucleon ESR HITRAP 1-2 1-2GeV/nucleon GeV/nucleon 9
TEST OF HIGH-Z Z QED IN EXTREME ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Uranium 10 16 10 15 1s H-like H-like Uranium <E> <E> = 1.8 10 1.8 10 16 16 V/cm V/cm E K = K -132 10-132 10 3 3 ev ev E E Lamb Lamb 500 ev ev Z α Z α 1 1 Hydrogen <E> [V/cm] 10 14 10 13 10 12 10 11 10 10 Highest laser laserfields 10 10 22 22 W/cm W/cm 2 2 10 9 1 102030405060708090 Nuclear Charge, Z Hydrogen <E> <E> = 1 10 1 10 10 10 V/cm V/cm Ek Ek = -13.6-13.6eV ev E E Lamb Lamb 10 10-5 -5 ev ev Z α Z α 10-2 -2 10
Production of Highly-Charged and Radioactive Ions Highly-charged ions Radioactive isotopes High energies Exotic systems 11
HCI PRODUCTION IN AN EBIT axial potential top drift tube center drift tube trapped ions botton drift tube electron beam radial potential R.E. R.E. Marrs Marrset et al., al., Phys. Phys. Rev. Rev. Lett. Lett. 72 72 (1994) (1994) 4082 4082 Evaporative Evaporativecooling coolingwith withne: Ne: kt(u kt(u 89+ 89+ )) = 80 80 ev ev Space Spacecharge chargelimit limitby byne Ne ions ions I electron I beam = electron beam 5000 5000 A/cm A/cm 2 2 T measurement = measurement 26 26 h N U91+ U91+ 2000 N U92+ U92+ 40 40 no no extracted extractedbeam 12
The HITRAP Project for Highly-Charged Ions UNILAC experiments for slow particles experiments with particles at rest cooler Penning trap postdecelerator MAX-EBIS U 91+ SIS stripper target 400 MeV/u U 73+ U 91+ EXPERIMENTS EXPERIMENTS WITH WITH HIGHLY HIGHLY CHARGED CHARGED IONS IONS AT AT EXTREMELY EXTREMELY LOW LOW ENERGIES: ENERGIES: atomic atomic collisions collisions at at very very low low velocities velocities g-factor g-factor measurements measurements of of the the bound bound electron electron fundamental fundamental constants constants mass mass measurements measurements of of extreme extreme accuracy accuracy laser laser and and x-ray x-ray spectroscopy, spectroscopy, diamagnetic diamagnetic correction correction ESR electron cooling and deceleration down to 4 MeV/u 13
HITRAP in the Reinjection Channel (from the side) Operational Operational Parameters: Parameters: Highly Highly charged charged ions ions with with M/q M/q 3 Beam Beam intensity intensity after after decelerator decelerator linac: linac: some some 10 10 5 5 ions/pulse ions/pulse for for U 92+ 92+ Repetition Repetition time: time: 10 10 s 10-12 mbar Ion Ion optics optics of of the the beam beam line: line:?? magnetic magnetic electric electric?? Experiment: precision trap 10-16 mbar Other experimental set-ups 10-12 mbar Re-injection channel 4 m from ESR 1 m profile grid, diagnostics four-gap buncher four-gap buncher x/y steerers 4 MeV/u 0.5 MeV/u 6 kev/u QP Tripl. profile grid, x/y steerers diagnostics x/y steerers x/y steerers IH-LINAC QP Tripl. diagnostics QP Tripl. three-gap re-buncher RFQ diagnostics diffusion valve 90 o - bender cooler trap diagnostics MAX- EBIS University of Frankfurt University of Mainz 14
STATUS OF HITRAP The funds (3 M without personnel costs) are available for 2005-2007. Oliver Kester is the Technical Coordinator. Beside GSI the Universities of Frankfurt and Mainz play an essential role in the realization of HITRAP. HITRAP has got the highest marks in the evaluation of the programoriented funding of the Helmholtz Association conducted in 2004. Since the beginning of 2005, it is one of the few mid-term projects at GSI. Commissioning of the facility is planned for 2007. A large user community is established by the EU RTD Network HITRAP: - g-factor of the bound electron (Mainz) - ultra-accurate mass measurements (Mainz) - recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (MPIK Heidelberg and GANIL) - x-ray spectroscopy (KVI Groningen, Krakow) - laser spectroscopy polarization (London, Berkeley, LLNL, Texas A&M) - Wigner crystals (RETRAP is coming to HITRAP) HITRAP is a user facility. New collaborators are welcome! 15
3. Future GSI HITRAP at the NESR and MATS at the SFRS Laser cooling & spectroscopy SIS100/300 Highly-charged ions ions High-intensity radioactive beams High energies Antiprotons Super-FRS AP/BP/MS High-Energy Cave CR/RESR NUSTAR Low-Energy Branch AP Low-Energy Cave NESR 16
FLAIR/SPARC Complex at FAIR 17
Antiproton Production and Research at the AD and the Future GSI Facility Expected production rate: 10 8 p every 4 sec ~ 100 x Antiproton Decelerator (AD) (2-4 10 7 p every 85 sec) --develop next next generation technology --improve performance of of most most present experiments --enable enable experiments that that are are not not feasible at at the the AD AD Present p collaborations at the AD/CERN: ATHENA: CPT ATRAP: CPT ASACUSA: structure and dynamics GSI will provide the most intense source of antiprotons 18
Research Topics with Low-Energy Antiprotons CsI crystals EXPERIMENTS WITH ANTIPROTONS AT AT EXTREMELY LOW ENERGIES fundamental interactions --CPT CPT (antihydrogen, (antihydrogen, HFS, HFS, magnetic magnetic moment) moment) --gravitation gravitation of of antimatter antimatter atomic atomic collision studies --ionization ionization --energy energy loss loss --matter-antimatter matter-antimatter collisions collisions antiprotonic atoms atoms --formation formation --strong strong interaction interaction and and surface surface effects effects Si strip detectors charged tracks 511 kev mixing trap photons electrodes ATHENA Nature 419 (2002) 456 M. Hori et al., PRL 92 (2003) 123401 A. Trzcinska, J. Jastrzebski et al.prl 87 (2001) 082501 19
SFRS LOW-ENERGY BRANCH MATS C. Scheidenberger et al. 20
MATS AT THE LOW-ENERY BRANCH OF THE SFRS TOF Ion production FRS Low nergy Branch RFQ EBIT Mass Analyzer Preparation Penning trap Precision Penning trap νc ν Time-of-flight detector Q Beam bunching Charge breeding q / A - selection Cooling process Mass measurement Detection Concept similar to TITAN, but different production mechanism New concept for high-accuracy mass measurements 7 T - MAGNET - WITH FOUR HOMOGENEOUS CENTERS He - CRYOSTAT WITH SUPERCONDUCTING INDUCTIVITY 4 K LHe- RESERVOIR 4 K 2 PRECISION 2 PREPARATION TRAPS 300 K DETECTOR Simultaneous storage of two ion species in two precision traps and measurement of the cyclotron frequency at the same time. VACUUM SYSTEM K. Blaum et al. 21
STATUS OF HITRAP AT THE NESR AND MATS 1999 1999 - - 2003 2003 24 24 Workshops Workshops on on scientific scientific and and technical technical aspects aspects of of the the new new facility facility 2000 2000 Development Development of of Facility Facility Concept Concept November November 2001 2001 Submission Submission of of Conceptual Conceptual Design Design Report Report (700 (700 pages, pages, ca. ca. 500 500 authors authors worldwide) worldwide) June June 2002 2002 Evaluation Evaluation by by the the German German Scientific Scientific Council: Council: Recommendation Recommendation for for Realization Realization 5 5 February February 2003 2003 Decision Decision by by the the German German Government Government to to build build the the facility: facility: (two (two conditions: conditions: 25% 25% of of funding funding from from international international sources; sources; technical technical staging) staging) 15 15 January January 2005 2005 Submission Submission of of Technical Technical Proposals Proposals March March 2005 2005 Highest Highest Grading Grading of of HITRAP HITRAP (SPARC (SPARC& FLAIR) FLAIR) and and MATS MATS Technical Technical Proposals Proposals May May 2005 2005 Cost Cost Review Review Committee Committee was was very very satisfied satisfied with with the the estimated estimated costs. costs. 22
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THE NEED SINGLE ION: COULOMB INTERACTIONS OF 12 C 5+ IONS about 100 ions about 20 ions 3 ions 2 ions 1 ion Coulomb interactions and relativistic shifts cause line broadening With 100 ions present in the trap, the resolving power is only 10 4. With one ion present in the trap, a resolving power of 10 9 is achieved. Cooling is required for eliminating relativistic mass shifts. 24
RESISTIVE COOLING IN CYLINDRICAL PENNING TRAP End cap B Compensation electrode Ring electrode Compensation electrode End cap 7 mm induced image currents: kinetic energy of trapped ions is dissipated in tuned circuit (T = 4 K) ν z = 350 khz C R de ion /dt = P cool = -I 2 R R = Qω z L L U = I R axial energy [arb. units] Resistive Cooling of 12 C 5+ to 4 K Τ = 4 Κ Resistive Cooling of C 5+ -ions in a Penning Trap - final temperature: T = 4 Kelvin τ cool = 132 ms τ cool 0 1 2 3 4 5 cooling time [s] 25
SUMMARY Atomic physics at accelerators is a rich field of research Storing and cooling is the key to precision Effects of extreme electromagnetic fields can be investigated Highly-charged ions are test grounds for fundamental interactions Highly-charged ions offer a new access to the determination of fundamental constants Atomic physics techniques offer model- independent information on nuclear ground state properties. Hyperfine fields of highly-charged ions can be calculated very accurately. 26