Conversion Tables of Units in Science & Engineering

Conversion Tables of Units in Science & Engineering

Conversion Tables of Units in Science & Engineering Ari L. Horvath Imperial Chemical Industries PLC, Mond Division, Runcorn, Cheshire, UK M MACMILLAN PRESS Reference Books

The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1986 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1986 978-0-333-40857-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1986 by THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD London and Basingstoke Associated companies in Auckland, Delhi, Dublin, Gaborone, Hamburg, Harare, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kuala Lumpur, Lagos, Manzini, Melbourne, Mexico City, Nairobi, New York, Singapore, Tokyo British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Conversion tables of units in science & engineering. 1. Science-Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Engineering-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Horvath, Ari L. 502'.12 Ql99 ISBN 978-1-349-08561-3 ISBN 978-1-349-08559-0 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-08559-0

Contents Part 1 Part 2 Preface Introduction Definitions and Conversions of Units Fundamental Physical Constants Conversion Factors (SI Units) 2.1 Length (m) 2.2 Area (m 2 ) 2.3 Volume (capacity) (m 3 ) 2.4 Angle (plane and solid) (rad and sr) 2.5 Time (s) 2.6 Velocity (linear) (m s- 1 ) 2.7 Velocity (angular) or frequency (Hz) 2.8 Acceleration (m s- 2 ) 2.9 Mass (kg) 2.10 Mass per unit length (line density) (kg m- 1 ) 2.11 Mass per unit area (area density or pressure) (kg m- 2 ) 2.12 Area per unit mass (specific surface) {m 2 kg- 1 ) 2.13 Area per unit volume (or capacity) (m2 m- 3 ) 2.14 Density (mass per unit volume) (kg m- 3 ) 2.15 Concentration (weight percent) 2.16 Solubility (mole fraction) 2.17 Henry's law coefficient (H) (N m- 2 mol fraction- 1) 2.18 Solubility parameter (by Hildebrand) (J m- 3 )~~> 2.19 Specific volume (m 3 kg- 1 ) 2.20 Mass rate of flow (kg s- 1 ) 2.21 Volume rate of flow (m 3 s- 1 ) 2.22 Fuel consumption (m 3 m- 1 ) 2.23 Moment of inertia (kg m 2 ) 2.24 Moment of force (torque) (N m) 2.25 Momentum (linear and angular) (kg m s- 1 and kg m 2 s- 1 ) 2.26 Force (N) 2.27 Pressure (stress) (N m-2) 2.28 Viscosity (dynamic) or absolute viscosity (N s m- 2 ) 2.29 Viscosity (kinematic) or thermal diffusivity (m 2 s- 1 ) 2.30 Surface tension (N m- 1 ) 2.31 Temperature (K) 2.32 Energy (work or heat) (J) 2.33 Power (heat-flow rate ) (J s- 1 ) 2.34 Specific energy (J kg- 1 ) 2.35 Heat per unit volume (J m- 3 ) 2.36 Specific heat capacity (specific entropy) (J kg- 1 K- 1 ) 2.37 Heat flux density (heat losses from surface) (W m- 2 ) 2.38 Thermal conductivity (W m-1 K-1) 2.39 Thermal conductance (heat transfer coefficient (W m-2 K- 1) 2.40 Heat release rate (W m-3) 2.41 Gas constant (R) (N m- 2 m3 moi-1 K-1) 2.42 Rate constant of second-order reaction (m 3 mol- 1 s- 1 ) 2.43 Rate constant of third-order reaction (m 6 mol- 2 s- 1 ) 2.44 Permeability coefficient (m 3 m s-1 m- 2 Pa- 1 ) 2.45 Transmission rate (kg m m-2 s-1) 11 19 19 19 29 31 33 35 37 38 42 44 46 46 47 49 51 52 53 54 55 57 59 60 62 64 64 66 68 70 71 72 73 75 77 80 82 86 88 90 92 94 96 97 98 98

2.46 Electric charge (quantity of electricity) (C) 2.47 Electric potential difference (voltage) (V) 2.48 Electric current (amperage) (A) 2.49 Electric current density (linear ) (A m - 2 ) 2.50 Electric current density (A m- 1 ) 2.51 Electric resistance (ohm) 2.52 Electric conductance (ohm- 1 ) 2.53 Electrical conductivity (ohm- 1 m- 1 ) 2.54 Electric resistivity (specific resistance) (ohm-m) 2.55 Electric capacitance (F) 2.56 Permittivity (F m- 1 ) 2.57 Electric field strength (electric field intensity) (V m- 1 ) 2.58 Electric flux density (electric displacement) (C m- 2 ) 2.59 Electric charge density (volume density of charge) (C m- 3 ) 2.60 Electric dipole moment (C m) 2.61 Specific charge (C kg- 1 ) 2.62 Inductance (permeance) (H) 2.63 Magnetic permeability (H m- 1 ) 2.64 Magnetic flux (V-s) 2.65 Magnetic flux density (magnetic induction) (V-s m 2 ) 2.66 Magnetomotive force (Gb) 2.67 Magnetic field strength (intensity of magnetization) (Gb m- 1 ) 2.68 Reluctance (Gb v- 1 s- 1 ) 2.69 Luminance (brightness, illumination, illuminance) (cd m- 2 ) 2.70 Luminous flux (1 m) 2.71 Luminous intensity (cd) 2.72 Optical absorption coefficient (or factor) (m 2 mol- 1 ) 2.73 Noise level (intensity of noise level) (db) 2.74 Radioactivity (Ci) 2.75 Radiation (exposure to X- or gamma-radiation) (C kg- 1 ) 2.76 Radiation dose absorbed (ionizing radiation) (J kg- 1 ) 2.77 Radiation dose equivalent (absorbed ionizing radiation dose) (Rem) Appendix References Index 99 101 101 103 103 105 106 106 108 110 111 112 113 113 114 114 115 116 117 117 119 119 121 121 123 124 124 126 126 127 127 128 129 130 135

Preface This book was planned to contain an up-to-date collection of conversion factors used in science and engineering. To achieve this, taking into account the variety of subjects, the contents have been divided into tables with conversion factors and alphabetical list of quantities that are not common today. It has appeared useful to devote only one special table to each quantity and to include only the relevant conversion factors; those units that are only of historical interest are listed separately in alphabetical order. It is hoped, that, in general, a proper balance between these two formats of presentation has been achieved so as to make the book useful to most practising scientists and engineers. The author wishes to acknowledge the aid of his colleagues and, in particular, the help of those who read, criticized and provided helpful comments to improve the contents and presentation of this book. The author would also like to thank Mr John E. Colchester, Division Technical Manager, for his interest and approval of this compilation. Thanks are due to Imperial Chemical Industries PLC for permission to publish this book. I am very grateful to my wife Joan for her real help and patience during the preparation of the manuscript. December 1985 Ari L. Horvath