A²ymbw : aq v. aqey\nà bw. ae-bm-f- nsâ lmky-]m-c-¼cyw sndp-iymkmln-xy- nâ F s\ {]I-S-am-

A²ymbw : aq v aqey\nà bw ae-bm-f- nsâ lmky-]m-c-¼cyw sndp-iymkmln-xy- nâ F s\ {]I-S-am- Ip p F At\z-j-W-am-bn-cp p Cu {]_-Ô- nâ \S- -nb-xv. ]T-\- n\v `qani Hcp- p- -Xn-\mbn ]mýmxy ]uc-kvxy-nn- -IÀ lmky- n\v \ÂIn-b-n«pÅ \nàæ- N-\- Ä BZyw ]cn-tim-[n- p. ae-bm-f- nsâ lmky-]m-c-¼-cyhpw AXnsâ khntijxbpw XpSÀ v hnh-cn- p. ae-bmf sndp-i-ym-km-ln-xy- nsâ Ncn-{X-hpw, Hmtcm Ime-L-«- nepw {]I-S-am-Ip- lmky- nsâ kz`m-h-hpw -kmam\yambn hne-bn-cp- n. XpSÀ mwv ChnsS ]T-\- n\v Xnc-sª-Sp- n-cp _joà, hn.-si.f³, k - d-nb, hn.-]n. inh-ip-amà F n-h-cpss IY-I-fn lmkyw F{]-Imcw Bhn-jvIr-X-am- Ip p F v At\z-jn- -Xv. Ignª cæv A²ym-b- -fnâ \S- nb ]T-\- nâ \n v Dcp- -ncnª hne-bn-cp- -ep-iä t{imuo-i-cn- -pi-bmwv Chn-sS. sshcp²yamwv lmky- nsâ DÂ]- n v Imc-W-am-Ip- -sx A`n-{]mbw ]mýmxy]uckvxy ]Þn-XÀ pæv. \msyim-kv{x- nse ck-nn- -IÄ A`n-\-b-Iesb ASnØm\-am- n-bp-å-xm-wv. Imhy- nse ck-s - -än-bpå NÀ A`n-\-h-Kp- ]vx-\nâ XpS- p- p. lmky-s - än ISp-X ]T-\- Ä ]mým-xy-\m-sp-i-fn-emwv Dæm-bn-«p-Å-Xv. lmky- nsâ Dd-hnSw,e- yw, {]Xn-]m-Z-\-coXn {]tbm-àm-hnsâ at\m- `mhw F n-hsb Bkv]Zam- n-bmwv lmky-hn-`p\w. ae-bm-fn-bpss kl-p-hm-k-\-i-fnâ H mwv \À½]mS-hw.]g-s m-ãpi-fpw- \m-s³]m«pifpw IYm-Km-\- fpw lmky- mâ k¼- am-wv. tic-f- nse A\pjvTm\þ A\p-jvTm-t\-Xc Iem-cq-]- -fnepw lmky-]m-shw {]I-S-am-Wv. Imfn-Zm-cpI ]pcm-hr- - nsâ BJym-\-am-bn-«pÅ ]ts-\-nbnse \memw- cwkw CXn-hr- -hp-am-bn 385

bmsxmcp _Ô-a-nÃm- -Xpw lmky-]qà -hp-am-wv. ae-bmf kmln-xy- nse lmkyw txme-\nâ XpS- p- p. hnhn[ kmln-xy-{]-øm-\ -fnse A\pIc-W- Ä CÃm-XmbXv ]cn-lm-k-ir-xn-i-fn-eq-ss-bm-wv. AXXv Ime- -fnse hyh-øm-]nx `mjm-cq-]- fnâ \n v `n- -amwv lmky-ir-xn-i-fnse `mj. sndp-iy F kmln-xy-cq-]- n\v Hcp \qäm-ænsâ Ncn-{X-amWv DÅ-Xv. F mâ a\p-jy³ `mj-d-]-tbm-kn p XpS- nb ImewapXÂ IY-I-fp-æm-bn-«p-æv. thz-im-et mfw ]g- -ap-å-xmwv `mc-x- nsâ IYm-N-cn-{Xw. snmâ -Y-I-fp-sSbpw ]m«p-i-y- I-fp-sSbpw ]mc-¼-cy-amwv tic-f- n-\p-å-xv. Iq v ]d-ªn-cp NmIymcpw IqS-nbm-«- nse hnzq-j-i\pw lmkym-[n-jvtn-x-amb IY-]-d- n-en\v ASn- -d-bn-«p. ]S-b-Wn-bnse t] Y-Ifpw XpÅ-ense ]pdwiy-ifpw Cu kz`mhw {]I-S-am- p- -h-bm-wv. B\p- Im-enI {]kn-²o-i-c-w- Ä Bcw-`n- -txm-ss-bm-wv. ae-bm-f- nâ sndp-iy F kml-nxy-cq]w Dæm-b-Xv. ss{ikvx-h-an-jw-dn-amà {]kn-²o-icn ss n-fnse elp- I-Y-I-fn-emWv ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bpss BZn-cq-]w. ae-bm-f- nse BZy-I-Y-bm-bn I-cp- Xp hmk-\m-hn-irxn IYm-Jym\ ]mc¼cyw {]I-S-am- p- -Xm-Wv. lmkym-[n-jvtn-x-amb IY-]-d- nâcoxn kpøm-]-nx-am-ip- Xv hnzq-j-i-\-neq-ssbm-wv. kwkvir- nse ]pcm-w-i-y-iä km[m-c-w- mà v a\-ên-em-ip- -hn-[- nâ efn-x-am-b- `mjbnemwv hnzq-j-i³ Ah-X-cn- n- -Xv. kwkvir-xhpw ae-bmfhpw CS-IeÀ an{i-`m-j-bnâ. kaq-l- nâ \ne\n n-cp Xn -IÄs -Xnsc ià-amb ]cnlm-k-amwv NmIymÀ \S- n-b-xv. Xsâ ap nâ Ccn- p cmpm-hn-s\-t]m-epw- ]-cnlkn- m-\på Ah-Imiw NmIym-À- p-æm-bn-cp- p. {][m-\-ambpw aq p khn-ti-j-x-i-fmwv hnzq-ji ]mc-¼-cy- n-ep-å-xv. (1) IY-bpsS BJym\w (2) AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn- -`mj (3) AXnse ]cn-lmkw. 386

Cu ]-Ým- -e- nâ _jo-dn-tâbpw hn.-si.-f³.-tâbpw IY-IÄ Xmc-Xay-]-T- \- n\v kzoicn- m-hp- -Xm-Wv. ae-bm-f-i-y-bnse dnben-ìniv bpk- n-emwv _joà kmln-xy-cwkt v IS- p-h- -Xv. Imhym-ßIdnb-en-k-L-«- n-emwv hn.-si -F³. IY-sb-gp p XpS- n-b-xv. hyxy-kvxim-e v IY-sbgpXn XpS- n-b-hà F p-am-{xaã Ch-cpsS PohnX]Ým- -ehpw XnI pw hn`n- -am-bn-cp- p. ae-bm-f-km-ln-xy- n\v At -hsc A]-cn-N-nX-ambn-cp Hcp kmaq-ly-ta-j-e-sb, B ta-j-e-bnâ Xs - bpå HcmÄ Bhn-jvImc-hn-j-b-am n F -XmWv _jo-dnsâ {]txy-i-x. CÉmw-aX hnizm-k- -fnâ IS- p-iq-snb AÔ-hn-izm-k- -sfbpw A\m-Nm-c- -sfbpw ]cn-lmk-hn-j-b-am- pi IqSn _joà snbvxp. -D- ctic-f- nse \mbàx-d-hm-snsâ ]mc-¼cy-am-wv. hn.-si.-f³.\v ]Ým- -e-am-bp-å-xv. Cu sshhn[yw \ne-\n-evs - -s - bmwv IY-I-fnse kmzriyw At\zjn- p- -Xv. ae-bmfiy-bpss hmnn-im-jym\]mc-¼-cy- n\v ]pxp-a-bmà -am\w \ÂInb-_- joà IY-]-d- -nep-im-c³ F t]cn\vv AÀl-\m-bn. hmsam-gn-bpss iànbpw kucyhpw Xs -bmwv hn.-si.-f³. IY-Isf {it²-b-am- p LS-I- - -fn-sem- v. NmIymcpsS IY-\-coXn DÄs måpi am{x-a-ã ]pcp-jmà - q- nsâ ]p\-c-h-x-cww IqSnbmWv hn.-si.-f³ IY-IÄ. ` W, kv{xo hà -\-I-fn-emWv hnzq-j-i³ Gsd Xmev]cyw ImWn- p- -Xv. kp`n- -amb ` -W-hÀ -\-bpw- Øqeamb kv{xoi-cochà -\bpw hn.-si.-f³. IY-I-fn ImWmw. Zmcn{Zy nsâ Xo{hX A\p-hm-N-Is\ A\p-`-h-s - Sp- n-sim-sp _joà Xsâ- ]n-ev me IY-I-fn AXnYn kâ m-c- n\v Gsd {]m[m\yw \evip- p. hn.-si.-f³.sâ e v _jo-dnsâ Fcn-hnsâ Ic- nâ F o- I-Y-Isf {it²-b-am- p- Xv ` Ww Ign- p- -Xnsâ kc-k-amb hnh-c-w-am-wv. UÂln-bn Nncn pwx{¼m³ tlm«-enâ \n v ] \pw aäpw ` Ww Ign- p- -Xnsâ hnh-c-w-amwv hn.-si.-f³. \S- p- -Xv. _jo-dnsâ ho«nâ F nb 387

sdm-\mäuv BjÀ p \ p- kâ mcamwv. Fcn-hnsâ Ic- nâ F IYbnse CXn-hr- w. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS AS-bm-f-amb \mk-cn-i-x-bpss ]Ým- ew hn.- si.-f³ IY-bv pæv {KmaoW]Ým- -e-apå bym-x-ym-hn-jvim-c-amwv _jo-dnsâ IY. ` Ww Ign- p- Xv A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ipw- hn[w kc-k-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn- p- - Xn-emWv kam-\x. Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw \nc-h[n IY-I-fn ` Whnh-cWw Dæv. hnt\m-z- n-\mbn thiym-{]m]vxn \nàt±-in- p hnzq-j-i³ D -ath-iybpss KpW- fpw hnh-cn- p- pæv. hn. si.f³.sâ e van- p«n F IY-bnse e van- p«n hnzq-j-isâ e -W- Ä FÃmw H nw- p thiy-bm-wv. DZm- -amb {]Wbw hn.-si.-f³ IY-I-fn ImWm-\n-Ã, axn-ep-i-fnset]mse \nc-h[n IY-I-fnepw _joà DZm -kvt\lw Ah-X-cn- n p pæv. Pohn- m³ amà -an-ãmsx thiym-hr n kzoicn-t -æn-h- -h-cpss ssz\yw _joà IY-I-fn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. hn.-si.-f³.sâ ku-cy-e-lcn _jo-dnsâ hni v F o-i-y-i-fnâ ssewkn-im-k-àn-bmwv {]Xn- ]mzyw.bjym-\- nâ ImeL-«- n-tâ-xmb sshhn[yw \ne-\n-âipbpw sn p- p. X Ä krjvsn IYm-]m-{X- -fn-eqss klr-z-b-cpss a\-ênâ imizx{]xn-jvt t\-sm³ Ignªp F -XmWv hn.-si.-f³.dw _jo-dn-\p-apå asämcp kam-\-x. hyxykvx-i-y-i-fnâ Htc IYm-]m-{X- sf Ah-X-cn- n- m³ kà -[-\-cmb Fgp- p-imà pam-{xta Ign-bq. ] ³, Nm ³kv, F«p-Im-en-a-½q-ªv. s]m³ip-cn-ip-txma, B\- hmcncma³\m-bà F o-i-ym-]m-{x- -fn-eqss Cu IYm-Ir- p Ä Nnc-RvPo-hnXzw t\sn. hn.-si.-f³.sâ \ kv{xo, Zqc-ZÀi³, C³Ì³kv \ncq-]l-ww, kmwjyw, \mwzm-cv, B\-th-Wtam F o-i-y-ifnse IYm-]m-{X- Ä \t -abpw \mwzm-cp -am-wv. ] ³I-Y-IÄ F kam-lm-c- nse Hmtcm-I-Y-bn-tebpw ] ³ hyxy-kvx- I-Ym-]m-{X-am-Wv. 388

IqSn-bm-«- nse hnzqj-i³ Xsâ IYm-Jym-\- n\v {]txyi coxn-bn-epå `mj D-]-tbm-Kn- p. _joài-y-i-fpss khn-ti-j-`m-j-bmwv AXns\ lmkym-ß-i-am- p- - Xv. ]mc-¼-cy- nsâ ASn- -dbpw khn-ti-j-`m-jm-co-xn-bn-epå BJym-\-hp-amWv hn.- si.-f³. IY-I-sfbpw hyxn-cn-à-am- p- -Xv. hmsam-gn-tbm-s-sp p \nâ p- -XmWv Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw `mjmco-xn-iä. apéow-`m-jbv v kmln-xy- nâ cwk-{]-thiw \ÂInb hyàn-bmwv _joà. Cw ojpw ae-bm-fhpw IeÀ Hcp \ho\awn-{]-hm-f-amwv hn.-si.-f³. {]tbm-kn- -Xv.- kw-kv-ir-xhpw Xangpw hn.-si.-f³. `m-j-bnâ ImWmw. BZy- Im-e-I-Y-IÄ ]me- m-s³ hmsam-gn-`mj-bpss khn-tijx {]I-S-am- p- -Xm-Wv. Htc coxn-bn-epå `mj-d-]-tbm-kn p F Xn-e-à khn-ti-j-`m-j-bn-eqss {it²-b-cmbn F - XmWv C m-cy- nâ ChÀ på kam-\-x. cmjvsob kmaq-ln-i-cw-k- -fnâ h p-`-hn [mà½ni aqey-nyp-x-ns -Xnsc hnzqj-i-s\-t]mse ià-amb ]cn-lm-k-amwv Ch-cpsS IY-I-fn-epÅ-Xv. Hcp cmjv{sob {]Øm-\- n-sâbpw ] w ]nsn- msx A[n-Imccmjv{So-b- n-s\-xn-sc \ne-simæp F -XmWv Ch-cpsS kmaq-ln-i-i-y-i-fnse kam-\-x. `mj Xo{h-hpw [z\ym-ß-i-hp-am- Ip- Xv hn.-si.-f³. IY-I-fn-em-Wv. kzmx-{ y-k-ac Ime-L-«- nse {]Xo- -IÄ kzmx- { ym-\- -c-l-«- nâ \ncm-i-bm-ip- p. \ncm-lm-c-k-a-cw-t]m-epw I]-S-am-Ip- p. hn.-si- F³.sâ kacw _jo-dnsâ {]Xna F o-i-y-iä Xmc-Xayw sn mw. CÉmw-aX X z- -fnâ IS- p-iq-sn-bn-«på AÔ-hn-izm-k- fpw A\m-Nm-c- fpw _jo-dnsâ cq ]cn-lm-k- n\v hnj-b-am-ip- p.-a-x- nsâ ASn-Øm\X z- fpw ka-im-e A-h-Øbpw _joài-y-i-fnâ Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Cu sshcp²y ZÀi\- n-eqss kaql nâ h p-`-hn- n-cn- p hnizm-k-]-c-amb aqey-nyp-xn-bpss Xo{hX A\p-`-hth-Zy-am-Ip- p. 389

B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Ime- mwv k -dn-bbpw inh-ip-amdpw kmln-xy-cw-k-t v IS- p-h- -Xv. D -cm-[p-\n-i-x-bpss cn-\m-k-t -X- Ä AS-bm-f-s -Sp- p- -h-bmwv inh-ip-am-dnsâ IY- -IÄ. B[p-\n-I-X-bp-sSbpw D -cm-[p-\n-i-x-bp-ssbpw khn-ti-j-x- IÄ {]I-Sn- n- p IY-IÄ k -dnb Fgp-Xn-bn-«pæv XnI pw hyxy-kvx-amb ]Ým- -e-amwv Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw IY-IÄ p-åxv `mj-bp-tsbpw CXn-hr- - n-tâbpw Imcy- nâ ss{ikvx-h-]m-c-¼cyw k -dn-b-bpss IY-bv p-æv. tic-fo-b-amb þ HmWm-«p-Ic-bp-sSþ kmwk-vim-cni X\n-a-I-fmWv inh-ip-am-dnsâ IY-bpsS ]-Ým- ew. Cu sshcp²yw \ne-\nâs - s tic-fob IYm-Jym\]mc-¼-cys A\p-I-cn- p- - Xn-epw -a-c-ws Bhn-jvI-cn- p- -Xnepw Ch-cpsS IY-I-fn kam-\x ImWmw. Pohn-X- nsâ A\n-hm-cy-amb acww B[p-\nIIYm-Ir- -p -fpss BJym-\- hn-j-b-am-wv. BZyIm-e-I-Y-I-fn acww lmkym-ß-i-ambn Ah-X-cn- n inh-ip-amà ]n osv acww Xs apjycxn-hr- -am- p- p. ac-w-cw-k- Ä \nêw-k-ambpw \nàhn- Im-c-ambpw At±lw Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Bizm-k-Zm-b-I-ambn IS- p-h-cp ac-w-cw-k- Ä t]mepw inh-ip-amà IY-I-fn-ep-æv. Xncy p-i-fn-eqss a\p-jy-po-hn-x- nsâ- \n- Êm-c-Xbpw \nê-lm-bm-h-øbpw Ah-X-cn- n v k -dnb ac-ws apjm-apjw ImWp {]Xo-Xn-t]mepw IY-I-fn Bhn-jvI-cn- p. _me-a-\-ên-eqss ac-w-ckw Bhn-jvI-cn- p coxnbpw k -dn-b -kzo-i-cn- n«pæv. k -dn-b-bpss CubnsS \S Nne-ZpÀa-c-W- Ä F -I-Y-bpw inh-ip-am-dnsâ b n F IYbpw ac-ws lmkym-ß-i-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. ]g-b-km-ln- Xy-IrXnIfpw ]pcmw Ncn-{X-k-À`- fpw A\p-I-c-W- n\v hnt[-b-am- p- Xv D cm-[p-\ni kmln-xy- nsâ coxn-i-fn-sem- m-wv. Nn m-hn-jvs-\mb cma³\m-bà F - I-Y-bn Nn m-hn-jvs-bmb kox F Imhy nse ]e {]tbm-k- fpw ISwsImÅp 390

IYm-Ir v ac-w-cwkw lm-kym-ß-i-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. knhnâ hnhmln{ni F IY-bnepw acwcwkw lmkym-ß-i-ambn A\p-I-cn- p- p. ]{ -æmw- a-wn- qà, acn- -hsâ temi v an w F v F o IY-I-fn acww \nêw-k-ambpw \nàhn-im-cambpw Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. Im m-cn, Ipfn,- `m-c-x-am-xmhv F o IY-I-fn inh-ip-amà ac-w-cwkw Bizm-k-Z-mb-I-amb A\p-`-h-am- n- -am-äp- p. ae-bmfiy-bpss BJym\]mc-¼cyw ]p\-c-h-x-cn- n- p- -Xnepw lmkyw Iq«m- Ip- p. A½p-½- -Y-I-fpsS BJym-\-coXn am{x-aã Xncy- p-isf IYm-]m-{X-am- p-i, KpW-]m-Tw- tnà pi F o cox-nifpw k -dnb lmkym-ß-i-ambn A\p-I-cn- p- p. inh-ip-amà IS- -Y-IÄ hsc ]pxnb `mh-x-e- nâ Ah-X-cn- n- p- p-æv. ssl-hamb Hcp kmwkvim-cni \n-a-bmwv inh-ip-amà IY-I-fp-sS- A- À`mhw. iip-\-nn- bpw _en-xà -Whpw Hs IY-bn ]cm-aài-am-ip- Xv AXnsâ,kq-N-\-bm-Wv. HmWm-«p-I-c-bpsS kmwkvim-cni \na BI-Y-IÄ v ]Ým- -e-tim-`-\âip- p. ss{ik-xh hnizm-k- fpw PohnXcoXn-I-fpw k -dn-b-bpss IY-I-fpsS A À`m-ham-Ip- p. {InkvXp-a-X-hn-izm-k- -fnepw ss{ikvx-h-k-`-bnepw h p-`-hn- n-cn- p aqey- -IÀ k -dn-b-bpss Bt -]-lm-ky-i-y-iä v CXn-hr- -am-ip- p. _jo-dnsâ kmap-zm-bni hnaài-\- Ä IY-bpsS hmnymà -X-e- nâ \nâ p-t¼mä k -dn-bbpss Bt -]-lmkyw hyrvp-\-bpss Xe- n-emwv ]qà -am-ip- -Xv. kmaq-lni cmjv{sob cwk- -fnse aqey-nypxn-s -Xn-sc-bpÅ hnaài-\- Ä cæpt]-cpss IY-I-fnepw ImWmw inh-ip-am-dnsâ kmln-xy- nâ IY-IÄ p-å-øm\w, Xnc-sª-Sp IY-IÄ v Hcm-apJw, BtZi-k-Ôn, k -dn-b-bpss aq mw-ins kmln-xy- nsâ A yw, Hcp {Iqc-\-{km-Wn-bp-sS-I-Y, Hcp kp-c-kôy F o-i-y- IÄ kmln-xy-cw-ks aqey-tim-jww hnaài\hnt[-b-am- p- -h-bmwv. 391

kxy-{]-xnú, \½psS ]dpzo-km-\-jvsw, a\p-tjym-]-imc{]z-amb Nne-I-æp-]n-Sn- - Ä, X«n-  Ipªp-hdoZv ]n n-cnªp t\m p- p(-k- -dn-b) ]g-h- msn KW-]- Xnbpw Igp-X-bpw, [m\y- p-c-bnâ, Xh-f-]n-Sp- - m-cmb cæpt]à,-nn mhnjvs-\mb cma³\m-bà (in-h-ip-amà)- F- o- I-Y-IÄ cmjv{so-bcwk v h p-`-hn aqey-nyp-xnsb ]c-nl-kn- p- -Xm-Wv. IY-I-fpsS Xe-hm-N-I- -fpss Imcy- nâ {i²-n s -«-h-cmwv Ccp-h-cpw. tic-f- nsâ kmwkvim-cni \na hnfn-t m-xp- -h-bmwv inh-ip-am-dnsâ IY-I-fpsS t]cp-iä. k -dn-b-bm-is«]{x- -fpss hmà -I-fpsS Xe-hm-NIw t]mse \oæ-hm- Iy- Ä Xs D]-tbm-Kn- p- p. Xs bpw Xsâ IpSpw-_mw-K- -sfbpw kplr- p- -sfbpw lmky IYm-]m-{X- -fmbn Ah-X-cn- n _joà Btßm-]-lm-k-I³ F t]cnâ Adn-b-s «p. D -cm- [p-\ni IY-I-fn AXn-IY F kt -X-a-\p-k-cn v IYm-Ir pw IY-F-gp pw Hs IYbv v hnj-b-am-imw. k -dn-bbpw inh-ip-amdpw thj-]-ià -bn-ãm-sx- Xs IY-Ifn {]Xy- -s -Sp- p. a v F IY-bnse IYm-]m-{X-amb timtfpv A²ym-]-I³ IY-sb-gp-Xp hn.-]n.-in-h-ip-amà Xs bmsw v shfn-s -Sp- p- p. Hcp {Iqc \{km- Wn-bpsS IY F -I-Y-bn t{]wip-amà F IYm-]m{Xw kao-]n- p- Fgp- p-imc³ ao\- nâim-c³ Hcp \{km-wn-bm-bn-cp- p. UÂln-bn ]{X-{]-hÀ -I-\m-bn-cp Imes A\p-`-h- -fmwv hn.-si.-f³.sâ ] ³IY-IÄ v ASn-Øm\w. ] \pw Hcp ]{X-{]-hÀ -I-\mWv F Xv bmzr-ýn-i-a-ã. ]me- ms«xsâ ]cn-n-b- msc ]e-tcbpw hn.-si.-f³.-lm-ky-mß-i-ambn Ah-X-cn- n- n-«pæv F v At±-l- nsâ `mcybpss HmÀ½- p-dn- nse hnh-cwhpw ChnsS {]k-à-am-ip p. 1 392

Cu ]T-\- nâ \n v Dcp- n-cnª \nk-a-\- fpw Isæ epifpw NphsS t{imuo-icn p p. \À½hm-k-\bpw Nncnbpw a\p-jy\pam-{x-apå khn-ti-j-kn²nbmwv. B_m-e-hr²w P\- Ä pw Bkz-Zn m³ Ign-bp ck-amwv lmkyw. sshcp-²y- nâ \n v lmkyw Dæm-Ip p F X zw ]mýmxy]uckvxy Nn -I-fn ImWmw. lmky- nsâ {]I-S-\- nsâ ASn-Øm-\- n-emwv `c-x-ap\n lmkys hn`-pn- p- -Xv. lmky- nsâ Dd-hnSw,e yw,{]-xn-]m-z-\-coxn {]tbm-àm-hnsâ at\m-`mhw F nh-sb Bkv]Z-am- n-bmwv ]mým-xy-hn-`-p\w. ae-bm-fn-bp-ss- klpamb Ign-hp-I-fn H mwv \À½-]m-S-hw. ]g-s m-ãp-ifpw \ms³ ]m«p-ifpw \mtsm-sn-km-\- fpw lmky-k-¼- -amwv. Imfn-Zm-cp-I ]pcm-hr w Ah-X-cn- n- p- - I-em-cq-]- -fnâ t]mepw ka-ime kmaq-ln-im-h-ø-isf ]cn- -l-kn- p -cwkw Dæv. ^enx ]cn-lm-k- -fmwv XpÅ Iebv v ae-bm-fn-bpss a\-ênâ Ønc -{]-XnjvT \ÂIn-b-Xv. irwkm-c,-hoc ck-{]-[m-\- -fmb IY-I-fn-bnepw lmkyck {][m-\-amb cwk- Ä Dæv. lmkym-[n-jvtn-x-amb IYm-Jym-\- n\v ASn- -d-bn-«xv Iq p]dª NmIymcpw IqSn-bm-«- nse hnzq-j-i-\p-amwv. txme-\nâ XpS- p ae-bmf lmky-km-ln-xy- n\v k¼- -amb Ncn{Xw Dæv. hnhn[ {]Øm-\- -fn-ep-æmb A\p-I-c-W- -fpss s]cp-sh-å-]m- n-en\v XS-bn-«Xv ]cnlmkih-\- -f-mwv. 393

khn-ti-j-amb Hcp `mjmcoxn lmky-irxnifnâ ImWmw. tih-e-amb Nncn F -Xn-ep-]cn kmaq-lni \ -sb-bmwv ae-bm-f-lmkyw ASn-Øm\ e yam nbxv. sndp-iy F kmln-xy-cq]w ]mýmxykzm[o-\- mepæm-b-xm-sw- nepw a\pjy³ `mj D]-tbm-Kn- m³ XpS- nbimew apxâ IY-I-Ä Dæm-bn-«pæ.v `mc-xob IYm-]m-c-¼-cy- n\v thz-im-e-t mfw ]g- -apæv. EtKzZw XpS- p- -Xp-Xs Aán-bpsS IY ]d-ªp-sim-æmwv. snmâiy-i-fp-ssbpw ]m«p-i-y-i-fpssbpw cq]- n-emwv aebmfiy-bpss {]mivcq]w. ]{X-am-kn-I-I-fpsS DÛ-h-t mssbmwv sndp-iy F kmlnxy-cq]w {]N-cn- Xv. ae-bmf nse IYm-Jym\- n-sâbpw lmky- n-sâbpw ]mc-¼cyw shfn-s -Sp- p- -XmWv hmk-\m-hn-irxn F IY. BZy-X-e-ap-d-bn s]«-h-cpss IY-IÄ FÃmw \À½-ck{][m-\-amWv. \thm- m-\-imeiy-i-fnâ I o-cnâipxnà lmky-amwv ImWp- Xv. sfd-wnbpw Idp- -Nn-cn-bp-amWv ( Black Humour) B-[p-\nIIY-I-fnse lmky kz`mhw. lmkym\pic-w nsâ sshhn-[y-amwv D -cm-[p-\ni IY-Ifn ImWp- -Xv. ae-bm-f- nse hmnn-im-jym\]mc-¼-cy- n\v ]pxp-a-bmà am\w \evinb IYm-Ir- mwv _joà. A\\p-I-cWobamb `mjbpw BJym-\-ssi-en-bp-amWv _joàiy-i-fnse lmky- n-\-sn-øm-\w. apéow-hm-samgnt`z- Ä v kmln-xy- nâ cwk-{]-th-i\w \evin. 394

Xs bpw Xsâ IpSpw-_mw-K- -tfbpw kplr- p- -tfbpw lmky-i-ym-]m-{x- -fmbn Ah-X-cn- n- p.-po-hnxm\p`-h- -fpss bymxy hnh-c-w- Ät]mepw DÂIr-jvS-I-YIfmbn-am-dn-bXv Cu lmky{]tbm-kw-sim-æmwv sshcp²yw lmky- n\v tlxp-hm-ip-sa- -X zw _joà IY-IÄ ASn-h-c-bn-Sp- p. kzx-:kn-²amb \À½]mShhpw IY-I-fnse ` -W-hn-h-c-Whpw hnzq-ji ]mc- ¼-cys shfn-s -Sp- p p. kmaqlni- cmjv{sob cwk- -fnse aqey-nyp-xn-s Xnsc ià-am-b-]-cn-lmkw _joà IY-I-fn Dæv CÉm-waX X z fnepw hnizmk- -fnepw IS- p-ip-snb A\m-Nm-c- Äs -Xnsc-bpÅ ]cn-lm-k- n-eqss _joà aqéow -\-thm- m\\mb-i³ F -]-Z-hn- Àl-\mbn NmIym-cpsS IY-\-co-Xnbpw \¼ym-cpsS ^en-x-hm-k-\bpw hn. si. F³. IY-I-fn ka-\z-bn- p p hnhn[ hmsam-gn-t`-z- Ä, Ah-bpsS iànbpw ku-cyhpw \ne-\nà ns mæv hn.-si.-f³. Ah-X-cn- n- p p. hnzq-j-isâ ]pcp-jmà IY-\- nsâ P\m-[n-]-Xy-bp-K- nse ]p\-c-h-x-c-wamwv hn. si. F³. IYIfn ImWp- Xv. lmky-kr-jvsn- p-x-ip khn-ti-j-amb `mjm-ssi-en hn si F³ IY-I-fpsS {]txy-i-x-bmwv. A[n-Im-c- nsâ aqey-nyp-xn-s -Xnsc hm v At±l n\v h-{p-mbp[amip- p. B[p-\n-I-X-bp-tSbpw D -cm-[p-\n-i-x-bp-tsbpw kt -X- Ä AS-bm-f-s -Sp- p - I-Y-IÄ hn. si. F³. FgpXn. sshhn[yamà kmaq-lni ]Ým- ew DÄs m-åp-t¼mä Xs hnzq-j-i-]mc-¼-cy- nsâ kzm[o\w _jodn-tâbpw hn.si.f³. sâbpw IY-I-fn ImWmw 395

Htc IYm-]m-{X- sf hyxy-kvx-cmbn hnhn[ IY-I-fn Ccp-hcpw Ah-X-cn- n p. hyxykvx ]mc-¼-cy- -fnâ \ne-bp-d- n psimæp-xs Hcp cmjv{sob I nbp-ssbpw ] w ]nsn- msx A[nIm-c- n-s\-xnsc \ne-sim-åp- -XmWv Ccp-hcp-sSbpw Bt -]-lmky IY-IÄ. B[p\n-I-X-bpsS Ime- v km-lnxycwk v IS- p-h- -h-cmwv k -dn-bbpw inh-ip-am-dpw. F mâ D -cm-[p-\n-i-x-bpss kmln-xy-k-t -X- -fmwv inh-ipam-dnsâ IY-IÄ kqnn- n- p- -Xv. ae-bmf IYm-]m-c-¼-cy- nse hmnn-im-jym\ssien, XncyIv ]pcmww F nh k -dnb lmky-mß-i-ambn A\p-I-cn- p- p. mkniv P\{]nb kmln-xy-`m-j-iä A\p-I-cn- p- -txm-ssm w ss nä `mjbpssbpw hw- -am-k`mjmssien-bpssbpw kzm[o-\hpw k -dn-b-bpss IrXn-I-fn ImWmw. tic-fo-b-x-bpss `mk-amb IYm-Jym-\w, iip\nn,-kw-kvimc X\n-a-IÄ, F nh inh-ip-amà A\p-I-c-W- n\v hnt[bam p- p. cmjv{sob kmaq-ln-i-cw-k- -fnse aqey-x-ià Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw Btj-]-lm-ky-I- Y-I-fn hnaài\hnt[-b-amip p. Zpc- m-ßi lmkyw k -dn-b-bp-ssbpw inh-ip-am-dnsâbpw IY-I-fn-epæv. ac-ws \nêw-khpw \nàhn-im-c-hp-ambn am{x-aã lmkym-ß-i-ambpw ChÀ Ah-X-cn- n- p- p. ae-bm-fn-bpss kl-p-kz-`m-h- -fn-sem- mb \À½-t_m[w ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bpss ASn-Øm\ `mh- -fn-sem- mbn \ne-sim-åp- p. hmk-\m-hn-ir-xn-bnâ XpS n ssk_à I-Y-I-fn hsc F n-\nâ p sndp-i-y-i-fnâ CXv {]I-S-amWv. 396

kaq-l-\- sb ASn-Øm\ e y-am n F n-t\bpw \À½]cn-lm-k-t mss t\cn-sp ae-bmf lmky-]m-c-¼cyw Xs -bm-wv Cu IY-I-fnse lmky- nsâ ASn-Øm\ kz`m-hw. ae-bm-f-i-y-bnse Hmtcm L«- n-tâbpw s]mxp-kz-`m-h- n-\-\p-cn v lmkym-hn-jvi-cwcoxn amdp p F p-am{xw. Hmtcm Ime-t bpw kmln-xy-`mj-i-fnâ \n v hn`n- -amb khn-ti-j-`mjbmwv lmky-km-ln-xy- n-\p-å-xv. ae-bmf sndp-i-y-bnse lmky-ck{][m-\-amb IY- I-fpsS `mj hne-bn-cp- p-t¼mgpw CXv bmymà y-am-sw v hcp- p. ASn- p-dn v 1 hn.-si.-f³.-uâln tubvkv 2007 ]pdw 64 397

{KÙkqNn ae-bmfw 1. AIv_À I -«nâ : kà kao, Un.-kn. _p v, tim«bw,1993 2. ANypX³.Fw. : sndp-iy C se C v: kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw, 1985. 3. A ³. si.-]n. : IY BJym-\hpw A\p`-h-k- bpw, Un.-kn. _p v, tim«-bw, 1999 4. A ³. si.-]n. : Ie-lhpw hnizm-khpw, Un.-kn.-_p- v, tim«bw, 1994 5. A ³. si.-]n. : amdp aebmf t\mhâ, KuXa ]»n-t - j³,b-e- pg,1988 6. A ³ si.]n : hc-ifpw hà - fpw,un.-kn.-_p- v, tim«bw, 1992 7. A ³ X¼p-cm³ : kwl- fn, 1940 8. A - ]-Wn- À.sI (tum.) : A -:k- n-thiw, ticf `mjmc³ìnäyq«v Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 2000 9. A - ]-Wn- À.sI (tum.) : A - -]-Wn- -cpss IrXn-IÄ., Un.-kn.-_p- v, tim«bw, 2006 10. A - ]-Wn- À.sI (tum.) : C y³km-lnxykn²m w {]k-ànbpw km[y-xbpw; tic-f-`mjm C³Ìn-äyq«v Xncp-h-\- -]qcw 1999 11. A - ]-Wn- À.sI(tUm.) (FUn.) : 100 hàjw 100 IY Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw, 12. B\--Ip-«³ \mbà.-hn. (k¼m:) : tic-f-`m-jm-km-\- Ä, tic-f-km-lnxy A m-z-an, XrÈqÀ, 1980. 13. D n-ir-jvw³ F.-Fw. : NnXbpw NnZm-Im-ihpw Idâ v_p v XrÈqÀ 2003. 14. D n-ir-jvw³ \mbà. hn.(fun.) : lmky{]im-iw -krvpb³ kvamci {KÙw:amXr`qan timgn-t msv, 1986 15. Djm-_m-e-Ir-jvW³ (kam) : hni- n-sâ-i-yä: {Ko³_pIvkv, 2002. 16. Ddp-aokv Xc-I³ ]md-bnâ : Ddp-aokv Xc-Isâ D]-\ym-k- Ä. Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw, 1980 17. Fgp- -ѳ : alm-`m-cxw,kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1985 398 1991

18. Fgp- -ѳ.-sI.-F³. : sxc-sª-sp {]_-Ô- Ä,kmlnXy A m-zan XrÈqÀ, 1991 19. IÀ m. ]n.kn : ]g-s mâ{]]- w, Un.-kn.-_p- v, tim«bw : 2001 20. Im ³.-F-kv. : Iem-kr-jvSn-bpsS Dd-hn-Sw(-hn-h.) : Idâ _p v tim«bw 1991 21. Ipª³]n-Å, Cfw-Ipfw(hym-Jym.): -eo-em-xn-eiw : \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw,1985 22. Ipª³]n-Å,- C-fw-Ipfw : `mjbpw kmln-xyhpw \qämæpifnâ kmlnxy {]hà I -kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw 1956 23 Ipªp n : Ipªp- n -hn-x-iä : Idâ_p v, tim«bw, 2000 24. Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ : `mcx]cy-s\w, kmlnxy {]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw, 1953 25. Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ : cmpm- Ww, amcmà kmln-xy-{]-imiw, tim-gn-t m-sv, 1969. 26. Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ : kmln-xy-hnzy,amcmàkm-lnxy {]Imiw timgn-t msv, 1977. 27. Ip«n-Ir-jvW-am-cmÀ : lmky-km-lnxyw: amcmàkm-lnxy {]Imiw,tImgn-t msv,1990. 28. Ipam-c-\m-im³ : k¼qà ]Zy-Ir-Xn-IÄ kmlnxy {]hà I -kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw 1986 29. IrjvW-ssI-aÄ Abva\w : B«- -Ym-km-lnXyw, tic-f-`mjm C³Ìnäyq«v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 1998 30. IrjvW-ssI-aÄ Abva\w : D n- n-cp-txhnncnxw \mj-wâ (hym-jym-\w) _p vìmä,tim«-bw, 1984. 31. IrjvW-N-{³. hn.-bà. : ]pcp-jmà -Iq- v, tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan, XrÈqÀ 1978. 32. IrjvW-]n-Å. F³ : ssic-fn-bpss IY, kmlnxy{]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw, 1982 33. IrjvW-]n-Å.-C.-hn. : C.-hn. IrXn-IÄ,Un.kn._p v tim«bw,1984 34. tic-f-hà½.-kn.-bà : Nncn, \mj-wâ _p vìmä,tim«-bw,1957 35. tic-f-h-à-½.-kn.-bà. : Nncnbpw, Ic- nepw kmln-xy-]-cn-j v kl-i-cw kwlw Fd-Wm-Ip-fw, 1963. 36. tic-f-hའA½ma³ X¼p-cm³ : Iq pw IqSn-bm-«hpw awk-tfm-zbw, XriqÀ simã-hàjw 1114. 399

37. KtW-iv.-sI.-F³. : tic-f- nsâ C -se-iä kmwkvim-cni {]kn-²o-i-cw hip v, Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, 38. tkmipâzmkv.-fw.(-fun.) : \K-cm- cw, lcn-x- ]p-kvxiti{w XrÈqÀ 1995 39. tkmz-hà½.si : {]_Ôkam-lmcw, kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1982 40. tkmhn-³ip«n Xma-äm«v : \mtsm-sn- m-«p-iä, ]n.-si. {_tzgvkv, timgn-t msv, 1956 41. KwKm-[-c³ Xn p-dpin (k-¼m) : tic-f-hà½-i-y-iä,kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw, 1983 42. N{-ti-J-c-hm-cyÀ Fw.-F-kv. (]-cn-tim-[i³) : {ioa-zv`m-k-hxw, Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw:1997 43. Nmt m. ]n.än. : kmlnxyx zw, kwkvim-cni {]kn²on- I-cW hip- v, Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw, 1998 44. Nmt m. ]n.än. : ku-cy-zài\w, Un.kn _p v tim«-bw, 45. Np½mÀ Sn.-Fw. : KZy-km-lnXyNcn{Xw,\mj-W _p vìmä,tim«-bw, 1955 46. Np½mÀ Sn.-Fw. : ]Zy-km-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw, \mj-wâ _p vìmä,tim«-bw,1968 47. sndp-tècn : IrjvW-KmY,kmlnXy {]hà I-kl- I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1974 48. Pam sim - msn : apéow kmaq-ln-i Po-hnXw ae-bm-f-t\m-henâ, tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ, 1998 49. Pb-Ip-amÀ hnp-bm-ebw : _jo-dnsâ IYm-km-lnXyw Hcp ]T\w,kmln-Xy{]hÀ I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw, 1978 50. Pb-N-{³. Sn.-F³. : IY-bpsS ]n- nse IY kmln-xy{]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw. 1975 51. tpmk^v ]mtd- m-«nâ : IqZm-i-IÄ 1987 52. tpmk^v apæ-tècn : apæ-tè-cn-ir-xn-iä `mkw III Idâ-_p v, XrÈqÀ, 1981 53. tpmàöv. si.-fw. (-F-Un.) : B[p-\nI ae-bmfkmlnxyncn{xw {]Øm- \- -fn-eqss Un.-kn.-_p v tim«-bw, 1998. 400 1990 1986.

54. tpmàöv si.-fw. (-F-Un.) : `mc-xob kmlnxy Ncn{Xw `mkw cæv tic-f-km-lnxy A m-z-an, XrÈqÀ 1983 55 tpmàpv. si.-fw. tum. (FUn.) : kmlnxy Ncn{Xw {]Øm-\- -fn-eqss \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw, 1993 56. tpmàöv Ccp-¼bw : D]m-kn- p p ZpxJ-s -Rm³, kmln- Xy{]hÀ I kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw 1981 57. tpmàöv Ccp-¼bw : _jo-dnsâ temiw, kmln-xy{]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw 1981 58. tpmàöv Ccp-¼bw : ae-bmf t\mhâ 19þmw \qäm-ænâ, kmwkvimcni {]kn-²o-i-c-w-h-ip- v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, 1997 59. Xc-I³. si.-fw. : A\-iz-c-\mb Ddq_v, kmln-xy{]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw 1986 60. Xml, amsmbn (kam:) : IY-I-f-Xn-k-Zcw {Itbm ]»n-t -j³, timgn-t m-sv, 1994. 61. txma-êv. kn.sp : Db-cp bh-\ni,\mj-wâ _p vìmä, tim«-bw,1950 62. txmakv (k¼m:) : k -dn-b-bpss tbip: Un.kn. _p v tim«bw 2007. 63. Zneo]v Fw.-F-kv. : hà n-bpss shfn-]m-sp-iä, kmln-xy {]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw, 64. \tc-{-{]-kmzv: BÀ. : B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS a[ymów: ]qà :-timgn-t m-sv, 1984 65. \tc-{-{]-kmzv: BÀ. : Fsâ kmlnxy\ncq-]-w- Ä, Un.-kn.- _p v tim«-bw, 1999 66. \mbà. Fw.-BÀ. : krvp-b³ `mkw : H v amxr-`qan timgn-t msv 1986 67. \mbà.fw.- -BÀ. : kmln-xy-\n-i-jw, amxr-`q-an, timgn-t msv, 1988. 68. \mbà. Fkv.-sI. : tic-f- nse \mtsmsn \ms-i- Ä bqwnth-gvknän Hm^v a{zm-kv, a{zm-kv, 1962. 69. \mcm-b-w³ Im«p-amSw : ae-bmf \msi {]Øm\w ticf kmlnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ, 1990 70. \mcm-bw ]njmtcmsn : Iem-temIw, tic-f-km-lnxym A m-zan XrÈqÀ,1960 401 2000

71. \mcm-bw ]njm-tcmsn : Iq -¼-e- -fnâ kmln-xy{]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw,1981 72. \mcm-b-w-]n-jmt-cmsn : si.-]n. (hn.-h) `c-x-ap-\n-bpss \msy-imkv{xw. `mkw H pw, cæpw tic-f-km-lnxy A m-z-an- Xr-iqÀ 73. \mcm-b-w-ta-t\m³ hå-t mä : hå-t mä IrXn-IÄ, Un.kn._q v tim«bw 2003. 74. \mcm-b-w³ ioshmffn : sh -Wn-Ir-Xn-IÄ Un.-kn. _p v tim«- bw, 1988 75. ]c-ta-iz-c³ GhqÀ : Ip ³ \¼ym-cpsS 36 Xpf-f-ep-IÄU n.- kn.-_p- v.,tim«bw 2001 76. ]c-ta-iz-c³\mbà. ]n.si. : kmln-xy-]- m-\-\³,{iocm-a-hn-emkw {]kv, simãw, 1971 77. ]c-ta-iz-c³]nå tas mã : ae-bm-f-lmky kmlnxy Ncn{Xw \mj- WÂ _pivìmä, tim«bw 1966. 78. ]c-ta-iz-c³]nå tas mã : lmky-zài\w, \mj-wâ _pivìmä. tim«bw 1982 79. ]p\w \¼q-Xncn : `mjm-cm-am-bww N¼p tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ. 1967. 80. t]mä.-fw.-]n. : Imhym-ZÀi\w,kmlnXy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1975 81. t]mä.-fw.-]n. : sndp-iym{]øm\w, kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw, 1989 82. t]mä.-fw.-]n. : t\mhâ kmlnxyw, kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1969 83. t]mä.-fw.-]n. : kmln-xy-hn-nmcw,kmlnxy {]hà Ikl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1959 84. {]k- -cm-p³ : Xncn- -dn-hp-iä : kmlnxy {]hà I-kl- I-cW kwlw, tim«bw 2000 85. _joà:fw.-fw.(-f-un) : \ho-\-i-y, kmlnxy {]hà I-kl-IcW kwlw, tim«-bw, 1997 86. _joà. Fw.-Fw. : ae-bm-f-sn-dp-iymkmln-xy-n-cn{xw :tic-fkm-lnxy A m-z-an, XrÈqÀ 2002 87. _m_p Fw.-Pn. (F-Un.) : D -cm-[p-\n-iy, ämthm _pivkv, Xncp-\mhmb, 2002. 402

- v 88. _me-irjvw³ \mbà.än.-]n. : `mjm-ss\-j-[w-n¼p,kmlnxy {]hà I (hym-jym) kl-i-cw kwlw, tim«-bw, 1985 89. _me-ir-jvw-]nå tikcn : tik-cn-bpss kmln-xy-hn-aài-\- Ä, \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw, 1984 90. _me-n-{³ hs-t -S v : AÀ - -fpss Ie-lw, Idâ _pivkv tim«-bw, 2002 91. _me-n-{³ hs-t -S v : hm nsâ kucyimkv{xw, kmlnxy {]hà I-kl-I-cW kwlw,tim«- 403 bw,1984 92. `mkvi-c³.-sn. : IrjvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\- Ä,kmlnXy {]hà I-kl-I-cW kwlw, tim«-bw,1984 93. `mkvi-c-\p n ]n. : 19þmw \qäm-ænse ticfw 1989 94. `mà -h³]n-å. Pn : Im m-cn-èn-\m-siw,tic-f-`mjm C³Ìoäyq«v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 1999 95. a[p-kq-z-\³. Pn. : IYbpw ]cn-øn-xnbpw, Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw 2006 96. amwnam[-h- NmIymÀ : \msyi-ev]-{zp-aw, tic-f-i-em-a-þ-ew, XriqÀ 1975 97. am[-h³. si.pn tima-te-g v : IYm-]-Ã-h- Ä {]`mxv _p v lukv Xncph-\- -]pcw 1978. 98. apip³\m-bà Pn. : lmky-zp-c- - -fpss shfn-s -SÂ, {]`mxv _p vlu-kv, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw. 2003 99. apl-½zv _joà ssh w : in n-sn-ap- ³ Un.kn. _p v tim«bw, 100. apl-½zv _joà ssh w : k¼qà IrXn-IÄ H pw cæpw `mk- Ä, Un.-kn.-_p- v tim-«bw: 1994 101. tacn-uâ^n-b(-k¼m:) : amàtxm-aêv Ipcymf-tÈ-cn-bpsS CS-b-te-J-\-kw-lnX : 1986 102. chn-ip-amà. si.-f-kv. : BJym-\- nsâ AS-cp-IÄ Un.-kn.-_p v, tim«-bw, 2006 103. chn-ip-amà. si.-f-kv. : BZy-Im-e-I-Y-IÄ, Idâ v_p v, tim«-bw, 104. chn-ip-amà. si.-f-kv. : IY-bpw- `m-hp-ixz]cn-wm-ahpw. Un.-kn.- _p v tim«bw. 2005 1987

105. chn-ip-amà. si.-f-kv. : sndp-i-y -hm pwhgnbpw Idâ v_p v, tim«bw, 1999 106. cho-{³.-]n.-]n. : CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ : Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw 1997 107. cml-h³ ] -\m-sv : sx hpw txmäw-]m«pw, kmlnxy{]hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw,1979 108. cmp-ir-jvw³. hn. : sndp-i-y-bpss OÊv Un.-kn. _p v, tim«-bw, 1999 109. cmp-ir-jvw³.hn. : \K-chpw ImYn-I-`m-h-\-bpw- tic-f-km-lnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ 110. cmp-cm-p-hའF. BÀ. : tic-f-]m-wn-\o-bw. \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw,1985 111. cmp-cm-p-hའF. BÀ. : `mjm-`q-jww: \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw,1982 112. cmp-ti-j-c³.-]n.si : AÔ\mb sszhw Un.kn. _p v tim«bw, 113. cmp-ti-j-c³.-]n.si : GIm- -\-K-c- Ä Un.kn. _p v tim«bw, 114. cmp-ti-j-c³.-]n.si : `mh-\m-xoxw : Un.kn. _p v tim«bw, 2005 115. cmpo-h³.-_n. : P\-\n-_n-U-amb Z -tkm-]pcw, Nn ]»nt -j³ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw,1991. 116. cma-ir-jvw³. C.-hn. : hm nse kaq-lw, Un.-kn.-_p v tim«-bw, 117. cma-ir-jvw³ tzi-aw-kew : ]pxn-b-ir-xn-]-g-b-s]m-cpä, ticf `mjm C³Ìn-äyq-«v, Xncp-h-\- -]p-cw., 1995. 118. cma- p-dp- v, ap³jn : N o-n- -cw, v 119. cam-n-{³ IÃS : B[p-\n-I-cpsS IYm-{]-] w Cw{]nâ _p vkv simãw, 1998 120. cma-n-{³.-sn. : Nn{X-I-ebpw sndp-i-ybpw: Un.kn._p v tim«bw, 1985 121. cm-a-n-{³\m-bà ] -\ -(FUn.) : IYm-]-T-\- Ä, ]n.si.]cta-iz-c³\m-bà kvamci {SÌv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, 2006 122. cma-n-{³ \mbàv ] \ : \f-n-cnxw ssic-fo-hym-jym\w Idâ,, _p v, tim«bw, 2001. 1999 2006 1997 404

123. cma-n-{³ \mbàv ] \ -(FUn.) : ae-bm-f-km-ln-xy-n-cn{xw \qäm-æp-i-fn-eqss ]n.si.]cta-iz-c³\m-bà kvamci {SÌv Xncp-h-\- -]pcw, 2003 124. cma³ta-t\m³ ]p-t -g v : lmk-km-lnxyw, awk-tfm-zbw XrÈqÀ, 1953 125. enkn -amxyp : hn.-si.-f³.-]p-xn-b-]p-cp-jmà - -fpss N{I-hÀ n, kmlnxy {]hà I-kl-IcW kwlw,tim«-bw, 2000 126. eoem-h-xn.-fw. : ae-bmf Ihn-X-mkm-ln-Xy-N-cn{Xw, kmln- Xy-A- m-zan XrÈqÀ : 1991. 127. hõ-e³ hmxp-tècn : IYbpw ^mâ-knbpw: Idâ _p vkv, tim«-bw, 2004. 128. hk- ³.Fkv.-sI. : kmln-xy-]-t-\- n\v Hcm-apJw: (hn-h.) 129. hà n s]m³ip w : IY,kmln-Xy{]hÀ I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw,1998 130. hmkp. si.-]n. : samgniäa-dp-sam-gn-iä, {]`m-xv, 1996 131. hmkp-tz-h³\m-bà.fw.-sn. : ImYn-Isâ ]Wn- pc, Idâ _p v, tim«- bw, 1963. 132. hmkp-tz-h³]n-å- I-S½\n«: ]ts\n, tic-f-`mjm C³Ìo-äyq«v, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw,1993 133. hn.-si.-f³ : UÂln-tUbvkv,Un.-kn. _p v tim«bw, 134. hn.-si.-f³ : sxc-sª-sp IY-IÄ Un.-kn.-_p- v, tim«bw 2004 135. hn.-si.-f³ : Zpjy- ³ amjv Id-â v-_pivkv, tim«bw, 136. hn.-si.-f³ : \qdp-an-\n- -Y-IÄ,Id-â v-_pivkv, tim«bw 137. hn.-si.-f³ : ] sâ Ubdn : Id-â v-_pivkv, tim«bw 138. hn.-si.-f³ : lmpymcv Un.-kn. _p v tim«bw, 1995 139 hnp-b-ir-jvw³ : C-cp-«n Dd- m-xn-cn- p HcmÄ, Un.-kn. _p v, tim«-bw, 1994 140. hnizw-`-c³ Infn-am-\qÀ : Hcp \qdp-\m-s³ ]m«q-iä \mjwâ _p v ÌmÄ, tim«-bw, 1977. 1993 2007 2000 1999 405

141. hnjvwp-\-¼q-xncn Fw.-hn. : \mtsm-sn-hn-úm-\obw, Un.-kn.-_p- v, -tim-«-bw, 1996. 142. thwp-tkm-]³ \mbà Fkv.-hn. : lmkyw t\mhâ inev]- nâ amfp-¼³ ]»n-t -j³ Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 1997 143. them-bp-[³ ]Wn- -tècn : ]Xn-\m-bncw ]g-s m-ãp-iä, kmlnxy{] hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw, 1994 144 them-bp-[³ ]Wn- -tècn : ]g-s m-ãnâ ]Xn-cnÃ,kmlnXy{] hà I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw, 1994 145. thembp[³]nå. ]n.-hn. : Adnhpw A\p-`q-Xnbpw, Un.kn. _p v tim«bw,1984 146. i c- nå. Pn. : kn.-hn.-bpss lmky-k- -ev]w, Un.-kn. _p v, tim«-bw, 1987 147. i p n sim«-c- nâ : sfxo-ly-ame Idâ _p v tim«bw 2001 148. icxv N{³, si.]n : A c Ie-bpsS ssnx\yw, kmln- Xy{]hÀ I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw, 1983 149. icxv N{³. si.-]n. : tihekucyw F anyy,kmln- Xy{]hÀ I kl-i-cw kwlw tim«bw,1981 150. ià½. hn.fkv. : Ip ³ \¼n-bmcpw At±-l- nsâ IrXn-Ifpw \mj-wâ _p vìmä tim«-bw, 1982 151.. inh-ip-amà hn.-]n. : Xe-Øm-\s l\p-am³. 152. inh-ip-amà.-hn.-]n. : hn.-]n. inh-ip-am-dnsâ IYIÄ,I-dâ _p v XrÈqÀ 2003 153. inh-i- -c- nå : Ip ³ \¼ym-cpsS XpÅÂI-Y-IÄ kmlnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ 1970 154. {iop³.hn.kn : IYbpw {]Xy-b-im-kv{Xhpw, Nn ]»nt -j³, Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 155. {io[-c³.-kn.-]n. : C s kmln-xy-im-c- mà, kmln-xythzn ]»n-t -j³ tim«-bw, 1969 156. k -dnb : A¼mSn, ]qà m-]-»n-t -j³kv, timgnt m-sv, 1969. 406

v v 157. k -dnb : Ip v, Idâ _pivkv XrÈqÀ, 1969 158. k -dnb : tkmhnw `P:aqV-atX!, Un.-kn. _p v, tim«-bw, 1992 159. k -dnb : `mkvi-c-]-t«-ecpw Fsâ Pohn-Xhpw Idâ _pivkv tim«bw, 1991 160. k -dnb : k -dn-b-bpss IY-IÄ :Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw, 2002 161. k -dnb : k -dn-b-bpss s] I-Y-IÄ Un.-kn.-_p v tim«bw,2001 162. k -dnb : kvxpxn-bm-bn-cn- s«sdbn³t_m _p v Xncp-h-\- -]pcw 2004 163. km\p. Fw.-sI. (No^v FUn-äÀ) : _joà hà -am-\- nsâ `mhn, Bibw _pivkv, timgn-t m-sv, 1994 164. kpip-amà Ago-t msv : ae-bmf kmln-xy-]-t-\- Ä. 165. kpi-amà Ago-t msv : hniz-km-ln-xy-]-t-\- Ä : Un.kn. _p v tim«bw 1986. 166. lcn-ip-amà.-fw.-si. : Alw-t_m-[- nsâ kà m-ß-ix, tic-fkm-lnxy A m-zan XrÈqÀ 1995. 167. tdmbn ]n.-kn.(f-un.) : Nncn-bpsS ]nxm-a-l³ Un.-kn.-_p v, tim«-bw, 1997 168. tdmbn ]n.-kn. : hn.-si.-f³. ^en-x- Ä Un.-kn.-_p v, tim«-bw, 1996 169. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ Aa-c-tImiw : {XnthWn hymjym-\w. hmn-kv]xn ]c-ta-iz-c³ aqêxv, 1956 170. þþ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þ-þþ : kàæ-hn-úm-\-tim-iw, `mkw cæv 407

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B\p-Im-en-I- Ä 1. `mjm-t]m-jnwn amà v 1997 þ sndp-i-ym-hà -am\w si.-f-kv. chn-ip-amà 2. `mjm-t]m-jnwn Unkw-_À 1998 þ ac-w- nsâ hiy-amb biêv, si.]n. A ³ 3. `mjm-t]m-jnwn Unkw-_À, P\p-hcn 1977þ-78 þ lmky- nsâ hnhn[apj- Ä tas mã ]c-ta-iz-c³]nå 4. ae-bmfw BgvN-]-Xn v Unkw_À 2006 (A p e w) þ Bkp-c-Im-e- nsâ ]pc-pjmà - Ä Fw.-hn. \mcm-b-w³. 5. amxr-`qan BgvN- -Xn v, s^{_p-hcn 19, 1934 þ kmln-xyhpw lmky-c-khpw cmp-cm-p-hའhs pwiqà 6. amxr-`qan HmW- -Xn- v, 1987. iim-chpw ]cn-lm-khpw, si.än cma-hà½. 7. amxr-`qan hmcm- - -Xn- v, sabv 4, 1997 Nncnbpw Nn- -bpw, inh-i- -c³, a qà. 8. amxr-`qan hmcm- - -Xn v HmKÌv 15 1993-, Pohn-X- nsâ Cc, hn.-]n. inh-ip-amà 9. kwkvim-c-ti-cfw Pqsse. sk]väw-_à 2004 ]pkvxiw 18 e w 3 \ms-i- nse lmkyw km_p-tim-«p-  410