Enduring Understanding 4.C Independent Study Assignment Assignment Instructions Both components of this assignment (Part I and Part II) should be completed on the pages provided. Each numbered component within a section should have a dedicated page, should be well supported or described, and diagrams or graphs should accompany discussion when appropriate. THE DUE DATE FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT IS FRIDAY, APRIL 24 TH. You may work on this assignment in class ANY TIME THIS WEEK AND NEXT DURING TIMES WHEN YOU ARE NOT ENGAGED IN LAB. You will be tested over Big Idea 4.C on MONDAY, APRIL 27 TH. Test questions will reflect your general understanding of the Essential Knowledge s covered in Part I and Part II of this packet. ************************************************************************************************** BIG IDEA 4: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS INTERACT, AND THESE SYSTEMS AND THEIR INTERACTIONS POSSESS COMPLEX PROPERTIES. Enduring Understanding 4.C: Naturally occurring diversity among and between components within biological systems affects interactions with the environment. Essential Knowledge 4.C.1: Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions. Essential Knowledge 4.C.2: Environmental factors influence the expression of the genotype in an organism. Essential Knowledge 4.C.3: The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics. Essential Knowledge 4.C.4: The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the ecosystem. L. Carnes
Part I: Bozeman Video Review 1. Review Bozeman Video #052: Cellular Variation summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. 2. Review Bozeman Video #053: Genotype Expression summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples.
3. Review Bozeman Video #054: Population Variation summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples. 4. Review Bozeman Video #055: Biodiversity summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples.
Part II: Demonstration of Understanding Using Illustrative Examples Essential Knowledge 4.C.1 Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions. 1. Variations within molecular classes provide cells and organisms with a wider range of functions. Explain how EACH of the following illustrative examples demonstrates this concept. Use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. Different types of hemoglobin (myoglobin and hemoglobin) - review textbook pages 924-926 & 1111. MHC Proteins review textbook page 938. Molecular diversity of antibodies in response to an antigen review textbook page 945-946.
Essential Knowledge 4.C.1 Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions. 2. Multiple copies of alleles or genes (gene duplication) may provide new phenotypes. Explain how the following illustrative example demonstrates this concept. Use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. Gene duplication creates a situation in which one copy of the gene maintains its original function, while the duplicate may evolve a new function (i.e. the human globin genes) review textbook page 438-440.
Essential Knowledge 4.C.2 Environmental factors influence the expression of the genotype in an organism. 1. Environmental factors influence many traits both directly and indirectly. Explain how TWO of the following illustrative examples demonstrate this concept YOU MAY CHOOSE WHICH TOPICS YOU WOULD LIKE TO RESEARCH use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. Height/Weight in Humans Sex determination in reptiles Density of plant hairs as a function of herbivory Presence of the opposite mating type on pheromones production in yeast and other fungi
Essential Knowledge 4.C.2 Environmental factors influence the expression of the genotype in an organism. 2. An organism s adaptation to the local environment reflects a flexible response of its genome. Explain how EACH of the following illustrative examples demonstrates this concept. Use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. Darker fur in cooler regions of the body in certain mammal species Alterations in timing of flowers due to climate changes
Essential Knowledge 4.C.3 The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics. 1. Population ability to respond to changes in the environment is affected by genetic diversity. Species and populations with little genetic diversity are at risk for extinction. Explain how TWO of the following illustrative examples demonstrate this concept YOU MAY CHOOSE WHICH TOPICS YOU WOULD LIKE TO RESEARCH use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. California condors Prairie chickens Potato blight causing the potato famine Corn rust affects on agricultural crops
Essential Knowledge 4.C.3 The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics. 2. Genetic diversity allows individuals in a population to respond differently to the same changes in environmental conditions. Explain how EACH of the following illustrative examples demonstrates this concept. Use your textbook or other reading sources to gather information. Not all animals in a population stampede
Essential Knowledge 4.C.3 The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics. 3. Allelic variation within a population can be modeled by the Hardy-Weinberg equation(s). Complete the following Hardy-Weinberg scenarios. You have sampled a population in which you know that the percentage of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 36%. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, calculate the following: The frequency of the "aa" genotype. The frequency of the "a" allele. The frequency of the "A" allele. The frequencies of the genotypes "AA" and "Aa." The frequencies of the two possible phenotypes if "A" is completely dominant over "a." In a given population, only the "A" and "B" alleles are present in the ABO system; there are no individuals with type "O" blood or with O alleles in this particular population. If 200 people have type A blood, 75 have type AB blood, and 25 have type B blood, what are the alleleic frequencies of this population? Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individials (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous (Ss) for the sickle-cell gene?
Essential Knowledge 4.C.4 The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the ecosystem. 1. Natural and artificial ecosystems with fewer component parts and with little diversity among the parts are often less resilient to changes in the environment. Explain the genetic and evolutionary basis of this statement.
Essential Knowledge 4.C.4 The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the ecosystem. 2. Keystone species, producers, and essential abiotic and biotic factors contribute to maintaining the diversity of an ecosystem. The effects of keystone species on the ecosystem are disproportionate relative to their abundance in the ecosystem, and when they are removed from the ecosystem, the ecosystem often collapses. Research a specific keystone species (other than the jaguar or the sea otter) and describe how the removal of this species may lead to the overall collapse of the ecosystem in which it resides.