South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 7 South Pyrenean foreland basin 1 8
South-Pyrenean Foreland basin S N Fore-bulge deformation Piggy-back B. Thrust nappes Basement Vergés & al, 2002 decollement Syntectonic sediments Decollement Basement/cover interface 1 9 Subsidence history Water depth Total Subs. Tectonic Subs. Outward migration of onset of subsidence from Vergés & al, 1999 Water depth Tectonic Subs. Total Subs. 2 0 ne
Sedimentation evolution from Vergés & al, 1999 Distribution & facies temporal evolution 2 1 Sedimentary facies evolution South South Pyrenean Foreland Basin M1 - Field trip (April) Alluvial fans North Carbonate platform Slope marls & blackshales Delta Basinal Turbidites 2 2
Chronostratigraphic diagram of S. Pyrenean foreland B. Proximal facies = thrust migration south Vergés & al, 2002 north 2 3 Chronostratigraphic diagram of foreland basins Facies distribution migrates with time forebulge Alluvial fans Orogen Time-line Hiatus (basement) Delta-fluvial thrusts turbidites Carbonate platform Facies distribution = landscape Hiatus (basement) 2 4
Facies distribution Alluvial fans Fluvial deltaic offshore Carbonate platform Western USA foreland basin, restored in Cretaceous time Modified from Armstrong, 1968 2 5 Facies distribution Alluvial fans Fluvial deltaic offshore Carbonate platform H.L. Levin, 2005 http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/0471697435/chap_tut/chaps/chapter13-05.html Western USA foreland basin, restored in Cretaceous time 2 6
Foreland basin synthetic log faible forte faible forte inversion Sed > Acc Acc >> Sed Acc = Sed subs. max. flexure 2 7 Tectonic-sedimentation in foreland basins Progressive unconformities (Sant Llorenç S. Pyrenean Freland B.) 2 8
Progressive unconformities in map-view x Sant Llorenç Eocene Alluvial Fans 2 9 x map X-section Sedim > Accomm Sedim = Accomm Sedim < Accomm Progressive unconformities record active tectonics at thrusted basin margin 3 0
Growth structures : Po Plain foreland basin N 10km Progressive unconformities = growth structures 3 2 1 Dating thrusts activity = outward migration 31 10km S Present-day growth structures : Mongolia rgi ng thr ust Alluvial fan Gro win ga nti clin e Sabkha Mongolia Model of syn-tectonic sedimentation 32 Em e Drainage area (erosion)
Po Basin + Adriatic Sea = Apennine Foreland Basins Bertello & al 2008, http://www.searchanddiscovery.com/documents/2008/08158bertello/index.htm 2 opposite orogens 3 3 Apennin foreland Basin Early Pliocene-Quaternary Syn-Orogenic deposits Meso-Cenozoic passive margin sequences Top Lower Pleistocene Top Upper Pliocene Top Middle Pliocene Top Messian Top Albian Top Lower Lias Top Norian Top Carnian Near base Lower Trias - Permian 0 5 km Spinello 1 Enigma 1 Silvana 1 Edgar 2 Projected from 7.5 km SE Projected from 2 km SE Projected from 3.5 km NW Projected from 11 km NW SW Shallow water carbonates SW Evaporites Hemi-pelagites, and turbidites Evaporites Hemi-pelagites, and turbidites Marls, and pelagic limestones Cherty limestones, and marls Apennine Detachment Clastic, carbonates and evaporites Outer shelf to basin plain deposits A B C Salt Pillow? Salt Diapir D NE TWT 0 s 2 s 4 s 6 s NE TWT 0 s 2 s 4 s 6 s 3 4
Relation flexure/tectonics/erosion/sedimentation (example : Siwalik / Ganges) (exple : Great Plains USA / Mississippi + Missouri) 3 5 Basins due to subduction : West-Pacific Back-arc B. Fore-arc B. Accretionary prism Trench 3 6
Trench Accretionary Prism In-sequence thrusts Accretionnary prism Turbidites (onlap) Nankai Trough Oceanic sediment (draped pelagic) Oceanic crust www.beg.utexas.edu In-sequence thrusting Calabria-Ionian Trough 3 7 3 7 Basins linked to subduction example: NW Columbia margin Slope Forearc Basin Accretionnary Prism Oceanic basin www.igw.uni-jena.de/.../caribbean.htm 3 8 3 8
Example: Sinù accretionnary prism 50km Sinù River Accretionnary prism offshore NW Colombia Thrusting and syn-tectonic sedimentation => Slope-basins w/turbidites Vinnels & al 2010, M&PG 3 9 Exampe: Sumatra Forearc Basin http://tektonesiana.wordpress.com/page/3/ BGR Accretionnary prism S.S. Faults SW-NE seismic line: bgr06-105. Data courtesy: BGR Crustal basement http://geoseismic-seasia.blogspot.fr/2008/11/nw-north-sumatra.html 4 0
Subduction roll-back NW Mediterranean Subduction roll-back Fixe d Trench migration Fixe d Séranne, 1999 Accretionary prism Synrift basin Oceanic or thin cont. crust Volcanic arc Continental crust a Physical model of subduction roll-back Pyrenees Iberia Europe? Prov. NPFZ C S B Ca K M-L.Eocene Apulia Séranne 1999 b Slab roll-back W. European Rifts Priabonian 35Ma 4 1 Accretionary prism Synrift basin Oceanic or thin cont. crust Volcanic arc Continental crust a Pyrenees Iberia Europe M-L.Eocene Priabonian Subduction 35Ma NPFZ Metamorphic C Back-arc S basin: NW Mediterranean core complex B K Prov. Ca? Apulia b W. European Rifts Thrusting Normal faulting Direction of extension c Africa NBTZ K? L. Rupelian 30Ma d VT Aquitanian 22-24Ma Subduction Accretionary prism Thrusting Synrift basin Normal Oceanic faulting or thin cont. crust Metamorphic core Volcanic complex arc Continental Direction crust of extension Direction of compression Subduction Africa-Europe convergence Thrusting Normal Intraplate faultingalkaline volcanism Subduction-related Metamorphic (Calcalkaline) core complex volcanism pluton Direction of (calcalkaline) extension Direction of compression Africa-Europe convergence Intraplate alkaline volcanism a c Pyrenees Iberia c e ge Africa Europe Prov.? NPFZ? C S B Ca K K NBTZ Africa NBTZ K M-L.Eocene L. Rupelian 30Ma Burdigalian L. 20-17Ma Rupelian 30Ma? Apulia Burdigalian Tortonian Messinian 20-17Ma 9-5Ma b d d f fh VT VT W. European Rifts Direction of compression Priabonian 35Ma Aquitanian 22-24Ma Africa-Europe convergence Intraplate alkaline volcanism Subduction-related (Calcalkaline) volcanism pluton (calcalkaline) Langhian-E.Serravalian Aquitanian 22-24Ma 15-11Ma 500km Langhian-E.Serravalian L. Pliocene Recent 15-11Ma 2-0Ma c e g NBTZ K L. Rupelian Burdigalian 20-17Ma 30Ma? Tortonian Messinian 9-5Ma d f h VT Aquitanian 22-24Ma Langhian-E.Serravalian 15-11Ma L. Pliocene Recent 2-0Ma Séranne, 1999 4 2 Subduction-related (Calcalkaline) volcanism 500km pluton (calcalkaline) g Tortonian Messinian h L. Pliocene Recent
Back-arc basins (NW Mediterranean) European continent Large terrigenous Sediment flux 1300 C Stretched margin Back-arc basin Volcano-clastic sediment Sardinia Volcanic Arc Roll-back NW Mediterranean Subduction roll-back Séranne 4 3 19994 3