Which type of electromagnetic wave has a wavelength longer than that of yellow light? A. Infrared radiation C. X-rays B. Gamma Rays D. UV Rays Science Starter! 10.14-15.13!
THE UNIVERSE AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM State Objectives 2e. and 4.f.
WHAT ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES? Form of energy that travels at the speed of light (300,000 km/s) Uses electric and magnetic fields Can travel through a vacuum (empty space) Two Characteristics Wavelength- distance between two points on a wave Frequency- number of waves that pass a point in one second Electromagnetic spectrum is a collection of EM waves of all known frequencies
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
GAMMA RAYS Gamma: carry the most energy Shortest wavelength & highest frequency Produced by hottest objects in universe Kills living cells Used to sterilize medical equipment, kill bacteria in food, and treat cancer
X-RAYS X-rays: high energy through soft tissue & matter (skin and muscle), but lower energy in hard tissue & matter (bone) Can damage or kill living cells, so precautions must be taken Used in medical imaging and security screening devices
ULTRAVIOLET RAYS Ultraviolet (UV) rays: has both positive and negative effects on living organisms Helps produce vitamin D in the skin and causes tanning Prolonged exposure causes sunburns and skin cancer Most UV radiation is blocked by the ozone layer Can be used to disinfect objects and in blacklights
VISIBLE LIGHT Visible light: the only part of the spectrum that is detectable by the human eye Longer wavelength & lower frequency than UV-rays Allows us to see different colors Objects reflect the color of the spectrum you see and absorb the other colors Order from longest wavelength to shortest red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet Roy G Biv
INFRARED WAVES Infrared: cannot be seen by humans but is felt as heat. Wavelengths longer than visible and have frequencies which are lower than visible Used in thermal imaging cameras (night vision), and TV remote controls Can be used to observe faint objects in space.
MICROWAVES Pass easily through earth s atmosphere so they can be used to transmit signals (TV broadcasts) Also used to cook food, in radar detectors, & cell phones Microwave ovens work by causing water and fat molecules to vibrate. Some scientists believe prolonged exposure to microwaves through cells phones and other devices can lead to brain cancer.
RADIO WAVES Radio waves: carries the least amount of energy longest wavelength & lowest frequency Main use is communication Different frequencies
DRAW A LINE TO MATCH THE DESCRIPTION TO THE WAVE TYPE. Radio Microwaves Infrared Visible light Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma rays Prolonged exposure can harm skin Only part of the spectrum the human eye can detect Used to transmit information Humans release this in the form of heat Kills living cells Used in cell phones and to cook food. Might cause brain cancer Damaging to soft tissue, but is used with precaution for medical imaging
WEBB TELESCOPE A View into the Past
TELESCOPES Telescopes are instruments that collect and focus light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Many telescopes use mirrors to collect light from space. Space telescopes in orbit provide clearer pictures because Earth s atmosphere distorts images and absorbs some radiation.
JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE Currently being built to replace Hubble Scheduled to launch in 2018 Will observe radiation in infrared radiation Will be able to see galaxies that have shifted beyond visible spectrum
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE v Launched in 1990 v One of NASA s most successful missions. v Orbits 353 miles above Earth v Completes one orbit every 97 minutes Hubble Site
FOUR VIEWS OF THE CRAB NEBULA Different type of telescopes collect electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths. Astronomers are able to learn a great deal about the Crab Nebula by examining these different images.
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE
CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY v Launched in 1999. v Detects x-rays from the hottest regions of the universe v Orbits Earth at an altitude of 86,500 miles. v Has observed the black hole at the center of the Milky Way and discovered several other black holes.
SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE v Launched in 2003 v Observes infrared radiation v Heliocentric (sun-centered) orbit v Parts of the telescope must be kept at -450 degrees Fahrenheit so as not to interfere with infrared detection.