Classification Table of Contents Objectives Explain why and how organisms are classified. List the eight levels of classification. Explain scientific names. Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms. What is classification? Classification of Organisms Grouping things based on similarities Why do scientists classify organisms? Taxonomy is the study of how organisms are classified The beginning of classification Why Classify? makes it easier to answer many questions such as: 1. How many known species are there? 2. What are the characteristics of each species? 3. What are the relationships between these species? Taxonomy is the study of how organisms are classified FYI Aristotle s Classification System Animal Kingdom 1. Land Animals 2. Air Animals 3. Water Animals Plant Kingdom 1. Trees / Large-sized Plants 2. Shrubs / Medium-sized Plants 3. Herbs / Small-sized Plants
How do Scientists Classify Organisms? Classification Today Taxonomists use the eightlevel system to classify living things based on shared characteristics. Branching Diagram Branching Diagrams a diagram that shows how organisms share characteristics Levels of Classification Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species Kings Play Chess On Flat Green Surfaces Species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
CLASSIFICATION of YOURSELF Kingdom Phylum Subphylum Class Order Family Genus Species Animalia Chordata Vertebrata Mammalia Primate Hominidae Homo sapiens Scientific Names One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be. Two-Part Names The first part of a species s name is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The second part of the name is the species name. Binomial nomenclature= Genus-Capitalized and italicized (Homo) Species- italicized (sapien) Felis concolar Canis lupis Aleces alces Canis latrans Dichotomous Keys What Is a Dichotomous Key? a tool for identifying organisms that uses a series of 2 descriptive statements. Two-Part Names By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown organism. Species is a group of organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring
A Growing System Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms. Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed. Bellringer List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize the names on your list by style of music. Describe in your science journal the categories you chose and explain which bands might fit into more than one category. Objectives Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known. Describe the three domains. Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya What Is It? What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are classified by their characteristics. Adding New Classification Categories As scientists continue to learn about living things, they add classification categories that account for the characteristics of different organisms.
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria The Domain Archaea unicellular prokaryotes, autotrophic and heterotrophic, many live in harsh environments hot springs, salty lakes The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes autotrophic and heterotrophic found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body. tooth decay, strep-throat Chapter menu Resources Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The Domain Eukarya The Kingdom Protista. Mainly unicellular eukaryotic, animal-like and plantlike organisms The Domain Eukarya, continued The Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic Heterotrophic absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings. Euglenas, Paramecium, Golden algae Includes: bread molds, yeasts, mushrooms, athletes foot The Kingdom Plantae Plants Eukaryotic multicellular photosynthetic autotrophic have cell walls Plants include: Green algae, mosses, and all Vascular plants like Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic organisms multicellular heterotrophic lack cell walls specialized sense organs Examples : Sponges, Flatworms, Mollusks, segmented worms, Arthropods, Echinoderms, and Chordates
Classification Classification Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. kingdom species class classification family scientific name order taxonomy phylum