1. Scientists used to group fungi with plants. Which of the following is a major factor that determines why fungi are not classified as part of the plant kingdom? A. Fungi do not have chitin B. Fungi grow close to the ground C. Fungi are heterotrophs but plants are autotrophs D. Fungi can only reproduce either sexually or asexually B.8.C S The table below shows the classifications of three different sea lions. 2. According to the information in the chart above, the two most closely related sea lions are- F. New Zealand Sea Lion and Galapagos Sea Lion G. California Sea Lion and New Zealand Sea Lion H. Galapagos Sea Lion and California Sea Lion J. All three sea lions are equally related 3. A biologist has just discovered a new life form. The newly described organism is unicellular, eukaryotic, carries out photosynthesis, and has the ability to consume nutrients from the environment. In which kingdom would the organism be classified? A. Plant B. Protist C. Animal D. Bacteria B.8.C S 1
4. Prokaryotes can be divided by the way they obtain energy and nutrients. Which of the following correctly identifies the name of a group of prokaryotes with the source of their energy and nutrition? F. Photoautotrophs- obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis G. Chemoautotrophs- obtain energy from sunlight through photosynthesis H. Chemoautotrophs- obtain energy from other organisms through osmosis J. Heterotrophs- obtain energy from molecules that contain sulfur or nitrogen 5. Aristotle was the first person to classify living organisms. He did so using a twokingdom system involving a plant group and an animal group. Although significant, this system is not as useful to scientists as today s system because- A. It does not clearly recognize the similarities within the plant group. B. It does not separate living things based on characteristics and traits. C. The placement of human beings in its classification is inconsistent with other organisms. D. Organisms have since been discovered that do not fit clearly in the twokingdom system. B.8.A S 6. Today, Biologists classify sponges as animals rather than plants. What evidence supports today s classification? F. Sponges have asymmetry G. Sponges do not have a backbone H. Sponges cannot make their own food J. Sponges do not have tissues or organs B.8.C S 7. The organisms from a particular kingdom are eukaryotes; they have a cell wall made from chitin, they can be either unicellular or multicellular, and they are heterotrophic. An example of an organism from this kingdom is Penicillin notatum. Which kingdom is being described? A. Fungi B. Plantae C. Protista D. Eubacteria 2
Use the figure below to answer Question #8. 8. This diagram shows the relationship between several types of plants. Which derived characteristic is shared by pine trees and flowering plants but by not ferns? F. Seeds G. Mosses H. Flowers J. Ferns 9. Methanogens, thermophiles, and halophiles are some of the most primitive lifeforms found on earth and thrive in very harsh environments. These unicellular, prokaryotic organisms most likely belong to which of the following kingdoms? A. Fungi B. Protista C. Eubacteria D. Archaebacteria B.8.C S 3
The chart below shows the classification of four different organisms. 10. According to the classification chart, which two organisms are most closely related? F. Organisms 1 and 3 G. Organisms 1 and 4 H. Organisms 2 and 3 J. Organisms 2 and 4 B.8.A S 11. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to a classification system that biologists have developed? A. It has changed over time B. It is a hierarchical system C. It considers only physical traits D. It can show evolutionary relationships B.8.A S 4
Use the diagram below to answer Question #12. 12. This classification scheme indicates that is most closely related to - F. (1) G. (2) H. (3) J. (4) 5
Use the following diagram to answer Question #13. Panthera Mephitus Lutra Canis Canis Pardus mephitus lutra familiaris lupis (leopard) (striped skunk) (European otter) (domestic dog) (wolf) 13. Based on this classification scheme, the European otter and the leopard are in the same: A. Kingdom but in different orders B. Genus but in different species C. Order but in different families D. Family but in different genera 6
Use the cladogram below to answer Question #14 and #15. *mya= million years ago 14. Which two organisms are least related? F. Organisms A & D G. Organisms B & C H. Organisms D & F J. Organisms E & G 15. How long ago did organisms A and D split? A. 1 mya B. 3 mya C. 8 mya D. 11 mya 7
Use the Dichotomous key below to classify the organism on the left. Use the following key to identify the tree branch to the left. 1. a. leaf is needle-like... go to 2 b. leaf is broad... hollyhock 2. a. needles are short and puffy... go to 3 b. needles are long and slender... go to 4 3. a. all needles bend downward... hemlock b. needles point straight out... balsam 4. a. 3 needles in bundle... pitch pine b. 5 needles in bundle... white pine 16. This type of organism is a- F. Balsam G. Hemlock H. Pitch Pine J. White Pine 8