hmà- m-hn-j-bhpw B-Jym-\-t`-Zhpw

102 A[ym-bw 5 hmà- m-hn-j-bhpw B-Jym-\-t`-Zhpw A-dn-hv A-\p-`-h-am- p-i-sb- {]m-yan-i Im-gv-N- m-sv hmà- -bnâ {]-Xn- ^-en- n- p- Zu-Xy-am-Wv hmà- m-h-xm-c-i³ hmà- m-jym-\- n-eq-ss \nà-h-ln- m³ {i-an- p- Xv. ]-Xn-hv co-xn-bnâ-\n- v hmà- m-\p-`-h- n-te-bv- v hm-b-\- m-c³ {]-th-in- -W-sa- nâ hm-b-\-bn-eq-ss hmà- -bv- v hn-j-b-am-b kw-`hs Im-Wm\pw tiä- m\pw I-gn-b-Ww. Zr-iy-{im-hy am-[y-a- -fn-eq-ss, Im-gv-N-bn-eq-sSbpw tiä-hn-bn-eq-ssbpw kw-`-h-s - p-dn- -dn-bp-t¼mä hm-b-\-bn-eq-ss Im-Wm\pw tiä- m\pw Iq-Sn A- hk-c-sam-cp- p-i-sb- Im-gv-N- m-sm-wv a-äv am-[y-a- -fp-ss shãp-hn-fn-sb A-Xn- Po-hn- m³ A -Sn am-[y-a- Ä- v k-lm-b-i-am-bxv. C -s\ h-cp-t¼mä, Zr-iy- {im-hy am-[y-a- -fp-ss {]-txy-xi-sf A-t]- n- v A -Sn am-[y-a- n-\v hm-b-\mkp-jw Iq-«n-t À- -s -«H-cp Kp-Ww Iq-Sn-bm-Ip p. Cu km-[y-x-iq-sn tnà- XpsIm-mImw Zr-iy-am-[y-a- n-sâ shãp-hn-fn-sb A -Sn am-[y-a- Ä \n-jv-i-cp-ww X-Ån- -f-ªxv. B-Jym-\]-{X-{]-hÀ- -\- n-sâ ]-co- -W-^-e-ambm-Wv Zr-iy-hn-kva-bw hmà- -bnâ {]-Xn-^-en- n- m³ km[n Xv. H-cp Zriyw hm-b-\- mc-sâ a-\- Ên kr-ãn- m³ D-X-Ip- L-S-I- -sfãmw-x-s - hmà- -bnâ DÄ-t -cp-t¼mgm-wv hm-b-\ Im-gvN- p k-a-am-ip- Xv. 'Xm-gp-ho-W I-SIÄ. hm-l-\- -fp-ss i- Ð-tIm-em-l-e- -fnãm-sx \n-i-ðam-b sx-cp-hpiä. ]-«m-f- m-cp-ss _q-«-sn-i-fpss I\ kz-cw -am-{xw \n-i-ð-x-bnâ tiä- mw. \-K-c- n-se pw I-\- Pm- {K-X-bm-Wv'. t_mw-_v kv-t^m-s\-s Xp-SÀ- v \n-im-\nb-aw {]-Jym-]n- H-cp \-Kc- n-sâ b-ymà- Nn{Xw {]-Xn-^-en- n- p- km- Â]n-I D-Zm-l-c-W-am-WnXv. Im-gv-N-bv pw tiä-hn pw F- -s\-bm-wv H-cp hmà- _-Z-em-Ip- -sx v Cu hm-n-i- Ä sx-fn-bn- p- p.

103 Ip-ä-Ir-Xyw, Im-bnIw, A-Xym-lnXw, cm-{ãobw, kmw-kv- m-cn-iw F- n - s\ hmà- I-sf A-Xn-sâ kz-`m-hhpw B-Jym-\-ssh-Nn-{Xy- fpw ]-cn-k-wn- v thà-xn-cn- mw. hmà- m-jym-\- n-sâ A-SnØm-\ L-S-I- -sfãmw FÃm hmà- -I-fnepw A-S- n-bn-«p-å-xm-bn Im-Wm-sa- n-epw C-h-bpsS G-ä- p-d- n-em-wv hy-xy-kv-x-x-c- n-ep-å hmà- -I-fp-sS B-Jym\-s kzm-[o-\n- p- -sx pw I- s- mw. {]-[m-\-ambpw F-«v L-S-I- -fm-wv hmà- n-bn-ep-åxv: 1, hm- p-iä 2, _nw-_- Ä 3, hm-iy- Ä 4, B-Jym-\-L-S\ 5, B-Jym-\ kz-`m-hw 6, Im-e kq- N\ 7, Ø-e-kq-N\ 8, B-Jym-\- n-sâ e- yw. Cu F-«p-L-S-I- -fpss kq- vaam-b Iq-«n-t À- -em-wv A-\p-`-hthZy-am-Ip- hmà- -IÄ kr-ãn- p- Xv. Imbn-I hmà- IÄ, Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym\w, kmw-kv- mcn-i hmà- IÄ, cm-{ãob hmà- -IÄ F- n -s\ \m-ev hn-`m-k- -fn-em-bn B-Jym-\ L-S-I- -fp-ss km- n[yw I-s- mw. 5.1. Imbn-I hmà- -IÄ I-fn-Im-Wp- A-\p--`-h-am-Wv Imbn-I hmà- -bnâ-\n- v hm-b-\- m-c³ {]-Xo- n- p- Xv. A-Xn-\m C-Xn-\v A-\p-Iq-eam-b _nw-_ Ä-sIm-v k-ar-²-ambn-cn pw Im-bn-I- hmà-. Hmtcm I-fn-bp-tSbpw A-\p-`-h-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s -«_nw-_- Ä Imbn-I hmà- -I-fn kr-ãn- m³ I-gn-bWw. AXp-sIm-p-X-s -bm- Wv t\-cnt«m Sn.hn-bn XÂ-k-a-bamtbm I-fn-I--hÀX-s ]n-sä Zn-h-k-s ]- {Xhpw hm-bn- m-kz-zn- p- -Xv. B-Jym-\-]-{X-{]-hÀ- -\- n-sâ km-[y-x-iä G- ähpw Iq-Sp-X ]-co- -W- Ä- v hn-t[-b-am- nb-xv kv-t]mà-sv-kv dn-t mà-«n nem-wv. X\n-a \n-e-\nà- p- hmà- mhx-cw ssi-en-x-s Imbn-I hmà- m-h- X-c-W- n-\v te-j-ià D-]-tbm-Kn- p. {]-txy-iw sa-\-sª-sp- hm- p-ifpw ssi-en-ifpw D-]-tbm-Kn- v kr-ãn-s -Sp- _nw-_- -fp-ss k-ap- -b- -fm-wv Hmtcm Imbn-I hmà- -bpw. Hmtcm I-fn-bp-tSbpw km-t Xn-I]-Z- Ä timà- nw- n t\-cn-s«t]m-se-bp-å A-\p`-hw hm-b-\-bn-eq-ss D-m- n-sb-sp- m-\p-

104 Å {i-a-am-wv C-Xn-eq-sS \-S- p- Xv. I-fn-Im-Wp- A-\p`-hw D-m- n-sb-sp- p- -Xn-\v ]pd-ta I-fn-tbm-Sp-Å hmb-\- mc-sâ am-\kn-i_-ô- n-se ssh-im-cn-imwi-s D-±o-]n- n-s -Sp- p- - Xn-\p-Å {i-ahpw Im-bn-I-hmÀ- -IÄ \-S- p- pv. hmà- -bnâ DÄ-s m-åp ssh-im-cn-i-x \n-d-ª _nw-_- Ä A-Xn-\v sx-fn-hmwv. B-Zn-a-[ym s mcp- -ap-å H-cp L-S-\ C -cw hmà- -I-fn DÄ-s m-ncn p- -Xm-bn Im-Wmw. B-apJw (hmà- -bn-te-bv- v \-bn- p- `m-kw), a-[yw (hmà- m-i-co-cw), A- yw (hmà- -bp-ss D-]-kw-lmcw) F n-h DÄ-s m-åp- - Xm-Wv in-ev-]-ls-\. hnhn-[ hmà- -I-fp-sS B-ap-J-hm-Iy- Ä ]cn-tim-[n- mâ Cu L-S-I- Ä I-s- m-\m-ipw. 1, I-dp- nepw sh-fp- nepw I-cp- Ä\o- n X-e-t mdp-sim-v t]m-cm-«w \-bn- p- N- Xp-cw-K- -f- n-te-bv- v Im-ev-]\n-I `w-kn-iq-sn B-hm-ln- v ]pxn-b D-b-c- Ä Iog-S- p-i-bmwv AeIv-km-{µ tim-kv-ä-\n-bp-iv F- d-jy- m-cn 1. 2, I- p-cp-«n-bp-å Hä t\m-«- nâ GXp-sIm-¼-t\bpw \n-e-bv- p-\nà- m-\p-å B-Úm-iàn, Xo-cp-am-\- -fnâ A-Wphn-S hy-xn-n-en- m- IÀ- -i- mc³, G-Xv BÄ- q-«- nepw th-dn-«p-\nâ- p- t{s-uv-amà mb sam-«-e. hy-jm- Xcm-b Xm-c- -tf- mfpw P-\-{i-²... I-fn- m-tc- mä, I-fn-tb- mä hen-b Imgv-N-bm-bn amdn-b ]n-bà eq-kn timfn-\ hn-knâ D-t]- n- p-i-bm-wv 2. 3, e³: \m-emw-zn-\w tim-cn-s m-cn-bp- a-g-bv pw B-Xn-tY-bcm-b Cw- -n-s\ c- n- m-\m-bnã. Bj-kv ]-c-¼-c-bn-se H mw ss-ìnâ Hm-kv-t{S-en-b-bv- v 239 d kn-sâ P-bw 3. 4, Zmw-_p-Å: G-jy³ {In -äv So-an X-s DÄ-s -Sp- m- sk-e-îà-am-cpss \-S-]-Sn-s -Xn-sc hm p-sim-p-å B-{I-a-W- n-\v sxm-«p-]n- m-se _mäp-simpw kuc-hv Kmw-Kp-en a-dp]-sn \Â-In-b-t mä G-IZn-\ {In- -än-se A- - - m-cpss ]-«n-i-bnâ C- y³ So-an-sâ Zm-Zbpw C-cp- p-d- n- p. 10,000 F- am-{ n-i kw-

105 Jy-bn-te-bv- v 33 d -kn-sâ Zq-c-hp-am-bn I-fn- m-\n-d- n-b Kmw-Kp-en _m-än-mv Zpjv-I-cam-b ]n- nâ B-{I-a-W-sa- X-sâ ]-Xn-hv ssi-en- v hn-s \Â-In, ]-Xps e yw ssi-h-cn- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p 4. hy-xykv-x Imbn-I hmà- -I-fp-sS Xp-S- - -fm-wv ap-i-fnâ D-²-cn- Xv. hmà- -bn-te-- v hm-b-\- mc-s\ sim-s- n- p-ibpw hmà- m-i-co-c-s - p-dn- v B-Imw- D-m- n-s m-sp- p-i-bp-am-wv B-ap-J- nâ sn- p- Xv. hmà- -bnâ {]-[m-\-ambpw A-S- n-bn-cn-t - 1. hm- p-iä, 2. _nw-_- Ä, 3. hm-iy- Ä, 4. B-Jym-\LS\, 5. B-Jym-\ kz-`m-hw, 6. Im-e-kq-N\, 7. Ø-e-kq-N\, 8. B- Jym-\- n-sâ e yw F- n-h- Imbn-IhmÀ- -bn-epw I-s- m-\m-ipw. Cu L-S-I- -fp-ss kq- v-aam-b D-]-tbm-K-am-Wv hmb-\- msc A-\p-`-h-n- n- p- hmà- - IÄ kr-ãn- p- Xv. 5.1.1. ]-Zm-h-enIÄ, ssi-en-iä-/_nw-_ Ä Hmtcm Imbn-Ihn-t\m-Z- n\pw kz- -am-bn krãns -Sp- hm- piä, ssi-eniä, _nw-_- Ä F- n-hbpv. {]m-y-an-i-x-e- nâ Cu hm- p-i-fp-ss k-ap- -b-am-wv A-\p-`-h-X-ew hm-b-\- m-c-\nâ kr-ãn- p- -Xn-\p-Å A-Sn- -dbm-ip- Xv. sn-kv Xm-cam-b kmivj-bp-ss hmà- -bnâ N-Xp-cw-K- -fw, B- Úmi-àn F n-h DZm-l-c-W-amWv. hn-[n-ià- m-hn-sâ Ip- mbw, \n-b- { n Â, ssa-xm-\- n-se sl-uv-am-jv F n-h sd-^v-dn-sb- hm- v kq-nn- n- m³ D-]-tbm-Kn- ]-Z- -fm-wv. (B-[mcw: ssa-xm\-s sl-uv-am-jv C- v hn-can- p- p). X-IÀ- p, c- n- m-\m-bnã, Iq-ä³hn-P-bw, Np-cp-«n-s -«n, hn- -äp-iä ]ngp-xv, I- n-ss-ìv, hn-iz-cq-]w-im-«n, hn -äv sim-bv-xv(b-[mcw: Hm-ko-kn-\v 239 d kv hnp-bw). X-IÀ- p, c- n- m-\m-bnã F- o hm- p-iä {In -äv a-õ-c- n-\v H-cp t]m-cm-«- n-sâ ]-cn-th-jw \Â-Ip p. Np-cp-«n-s -«n-sb -Xv i-àn--am-sâ ap- nâ t]m-cm-sn txmâ-hn-bn-e-i-s -«ZpÀ-_e-s\ kq-nn- n- p p. hn- -äp-iä ]n-

106 gpxv, hn- -äp-iä sim-bv-xv F n-h t\-«- -fp-ss ]-«n-i-sb tzym-xn- n- p p. sim- p-i, ]n-gp-sx-sp p-i Xp-S- n-b-h Im-bn-Im-Jym-\- nâ t\-«- -fp-ss ]-cymb-]-z- -fm-ip p. C- -s\-bp-å hm- p-i-fnâ-\n- m-wv _nw-_- Ä D-Û-hn- p- Xv. Hmtcm Imbn-I hn-t\m-z- n\pw kz- -am-bn hn-i-kn- n-s -Sp- _nw-_- Ä [m-cm-f-apv. a-ebm-f ]-{X-{]-hÀ- -\-cwk- v kv-t]mà-sv-kv t]m-se C-{X-b-[n- Iw _nw-_- Ä {]-tbm-kn- p- a-säm-cp ta-j-ebpw Im-WnÃ. sn-kvxm-cam-b kmivj-bp-ss hmà- X-s ]cn-tim-[n- mw. I-dp- nepw sh-fp- nepw I-cp- - Ä \o- nþsn-kv t_mà-unâ I-cp- Ä \o nþ X-e-t m-dp-sim-v t]m-cm-«w \-bn- p- N-Xp-cw-K- -f- n-te-bv- v Im-ev-]\n-I `w-kn-iq-sn B-hm-ln- v ]pxn-b D-b-c- Ä Io-g-Sp- p-i-bm-wv A-e-Iv-km-{µ tim-kv-ä-\n-bp-iv F- d-jy- m-cn(n-xp-cw-k- -f- n-\v N- w-nmà- n kmivj). t]m-cm-«ho-cy- n-sâ H-cp N-Xp-cwK- -fnn-{xw snkv-t_mà-um-bn ]-cn-wan- p- -Xm-bn Im-Wp p. I-dp pw sh-fp pw XoÀ- p- N-Xp-cw-K- -f- n-sâ _nw-_w a-t\m-a-þ-e- n-se- p p. N-Xp-cw-K- -fhpw X-e-t mdp-sim-på t]mcm-«hpw ]n- n-sp-t¼mä, d-jy³ kp-µ-cn-bp-ss Im-ev-]\n-I`w-Kn- Iq-Sn hmà- -bnâ B-hm-ln- p p. A-t mä ap- v hy-xykv-x _nw-_- Ä XoÀ- p- -Xn-sâ hy- Xykv-X hm-b-\m-\p`-hw e-`n- p. hmà- -bv-s m- w kmivjbp-ss t^mt«m sim-sp- n-sã- nâ A-Xpa-Xn hm-b-\- m-c³ p-`n-x-\m-im³. C{X-sbm-s _nw- _- Ä tnà- p-t¼mä A-Xn-sâ ]qà-wx ssi-h-cp -Xv kmivj-bp-ss Nn-{Xt m-ss-bmwv. I- p-cp-«n-bp-å Hä t\m-«- nâ GXp-sIm-¼-t\bpw \n-e-bv- p-\nà- m-\p- Å B-Úm-i-àn. C-hn-sS I-fn- -f- n-se d-^v-dn-sb B-\- m m-t\m-sm-wv hnti-jn n n-cn- p- Xv. Xo-cp-am-\- -fnâ A-Wphn-S hy-xn-n-en- m- IÀ- -i- m-c³ F- Xp-SÀ- p-å hmiyw IÀ- -i- m-c\m-b H-cp ]m- m-\nâ-\n- v I-fnsb \n-b-{ n- p- d-^v-dn-bn-te- på t_m-[-]qà-ham-b ]-cn-wm-a-am-wv kq-nn- n-

107 p- Xv. G-Xv BÄ- q-«- nepw th-dn-«p-\nâ- p- t{s-uv-amà mb sam-«- eþn-«-¼n-bp-ss tc-jm-nn{xw \Â-Ip p. ]m- m³, IÀ- -i- mc³, N«-¼n F- o hn-ti-j-w- -fn-eq-ss-bm-wv d-^vdn-sb A-h-X-cn- n- n-cn- p- Xv. hn-ti-jy-s AÀ k-¼p-ã-am- m³ A-\p-Iqeam-b hn-ti-j-w- -fm-wv C-hn-sS sim-sp- p- Xv. hmà- B-IÀ-j-I-am- p- Xpw A-Xn-\v i-àn-tb-äp- Xpw Cu hn-ti-j-w- -fmwv. hnjym-xcm-b Xm-c- -tf- mfpw P-\-{i-², Xm-c -sf a-dn-i-s- p- {]-ikvxn F o h-kvxpx a-\-knâ kr-ãn- -Xn-\v ti-j-am-wv I-fn-tb- mä, I-fn- mtc- mä hen-b Im-gv-N-bm-bn-amdn-b ]n-bà eq-kn tim-fn-\-sb- d-^v-dn {]-Xy- -\m-ip- Xv. d-^v-dn-sb- hm- v hmà- bn-sem-cn-s pw Im-Wp- nã. ]-Icw hn-ti-j-w- -fpw _nw-_- -fpw-sim-v AÀ- w kr-ãn- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. X-e-hm-N-Iambn ssa-xm\-s sl-uv-amjv' F pw D-]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p p. kv-iqä H-cp I- fn- -f-am-ip-t¼mä d-^v-dn hn-zymà- n-i-fm-ip- I-fn- m-cp-ss sl-uv-am-jm-ip p. Zmw-_p-Å: G-jy³ {I -äv So-an X-s DÄ-s -Sp- m- sk-e-îà-am-cp-ss \-S-]-Sn-s -Xn-sc hm p-sim-p-å B-{I-a-W- n-\v sxm-«p-]n- m-se _mäp-simpw kuc-hv Kmw-Kp-en a-dp-]-sn \Â-In-b-t mä G-IZn-\ {In- -än-se A- - - m-cp-ss ]-«n-i-bnâ C- y³ {In- -äv So-an-sâ ZmZbpw C-cp- p-d- n- p(kmw-kp-en C-\n A- - - n-sâ ZmZ). hm- p-sim-p-å B-{I-aWw, _mäp-sim-p-å a-dp-]sn, C- y³ Soan-sâ Zm-Z, I-fn- -f- nâ H-cp bp-²-am-wv \-S- p- -Xv. hmfp-simpw txm p-sim-- p-aã B-{I-aWw; hm p-sim-mwv. hm- n-s\ hm-fm-bn hn-ti-jn- n- n-cn- p p. {]- Xn-Im-cw XoÀ- p -Xv _mäp-sim-mwv. X-\n-s -Xn-sc-bp-Å Ip-{]-N-c-W- - tfbpw \o- -t bpw I-fn-bn-se I-cp p-sim-m-wv Kmw-Kp-en sn-dp- p- Xv; ssi- -cp p-simã. _mäp-sim-p-å A-k-am-\y{]-I-S-\-sa- v hyàw. C -cw hn-ti-j-w- Ä Imbn-IhmÀ- -bnâ kp-e-`-am-bn Im-Wmw. C s\ `m-jm{]-tbm-k- -fn-eq-ss hm-b-\- msc I-fn- Im-Wp- -Xn-\- p-d-ap-å H-

108 cp tem-i-t -bv- v simp-t]m-im³ hmà- -IÄ- v I-gn-bp p. 5.1.2. hm-iy- Ä /A-]qÀ- -hm-iy Ä hm p-iä Iq-«n-t À- hm-iy- -fm-wv B-Jym-\\nÀ-h-l-W- n-sâ A- SnØm-\ L-SIw. hm-iy-l-s-\-bnâ ]pxp-a kr-ãn- m³ I-gn-b-Ww. IÀ- mhv, IÀaw, {In-b F- n-h-bm-wv hm-iy-l-s-\-bn-se A-SnØm-\ L-S-I Ä. F- mâ k-¼qà-w hm-n-i-sa- -Xn-ep]-cn hm-iy-l-s-\-bn-se hn-ti-j-w- -fp-tsbpw aäpw tn-cp-h-i-fm-wv hmà- -bp-ss ]p-xp-a-bv- m-[mcw. hm- p-iä, A]qÀ -hm-iy- Ä, hym-t -]-I- Ä Xp-S- n-b-h hmiyw t]m-sexs hmà- -bnâ B-ib -Ä kw-thz-\w sn- m³ D-]-tbm-Kn- p p. IÀ mhv, IÀ½w, {In-b F- -{I-a- n-em-wv a-e-bm-f- nâ hmiyw cq-]- s -Sp- Xv. G-jy³ {In -äv So-an X-s DÄ-s -Sp- m- sk-e-îà-am-cp-ss \-S-]-Sn-s -Xn-sc hm p-sim-p-å B-{I-a-W- n-\v sxm-«p-]n- m-se _m-äv simpw kuc-hv Kmw-Kp-en a-dp-]-sn \Â-In-b-t mä G-IZn-\ {In- -än-se A- - - m-cp-ss ]-«n-i-bnâ C- y³ So-an-sâ Zm-Zbpw C-cp- p-d- n- p'. Cu hmn-iw k-¼qà-wamwv. F- mâ IÀ- mhv, IÀ½w, {In-b F- {I-awsXän p-sim-v hmà- -bp-ss {]-[m-\m-i-b- n-te-bv- v hm-b-\- m-sc F- n- p-i-bm-wn-hn-ss sn-bv-x-xv. am-{xaã CXp-sIm-v hm-b-\-bp-ss k-hn-ti-jam-b Xm-fw kr-ãn p-sim-v hm-b-\- mc-s\ B-IÀ-jn- m³ km-[n- p-ibpw sn- p p. IÀ- mhv, IÀ½w, {In-b F n-hsb {I-aambn tnà- v ]qà- o-i-cn- m- hm-iy- -fm-wv A-]qÀ- -hm-iy Ä. H-cp hm-iy- n-sâ LS\ ]qà-w-am-imsx \nâ- p- -h-bm-wv C-h. Xp-SÀ- p-h-cp- - hmiy- Ä- q-sn tnà- p- am-{x-ta Nne-t mä Ch AÀ- -]qà-wx ssi-h-cn- p-i-bpåq. AÀ- -]qà-w-x-bp-å H- cp hmiy-- n-ep]-cn A-]qÀ-Wam-b hm-n-i- Ä-sIm-v A-Sp- hmiy--w hm-bn- p- -Xn-\p-Å t{]-c-w \Â-Im³ C -cw hm-iy- Ä- v I-gn-bp p. I- p-cp-«n-bp-å Hä t\m-«- nâ GXp-sIm-¼-t\bpw \n-e-bv- p-\nà-

109 m-\p-å B-Úm-iàn. Xo-cp-am-\- -fnâ A-Wphn-S hy-xn-n-en- m- IÀ- - i- m-c³...'.cu hmiy- Ä A-]qÀ-W- -fm-wv. B-sc- p-dn- mwv Cu hn-ti-j- W- -sf- v c-ma-s hmiy- nâ-t mepw hy-àaã. hm-b-\-sb-xp-sà p-simpt]m-im-\p-å t{]c-w Cu hm-iy- Ä \Â-Ip p. {In- -än-sâ tem-iw sh-fp- ]- m-bn {io-im- n-sâ ssi-i-fnâ sn- nd n. A-Xv {io-bp-ss I- nâ D-d- -t m-tg-bv pw C- y tem-i {In- -änsâ s\-dp- I-bn F- n-bn-cp p. ssi-hn-«hnp-bw C- y ssi- n-snbn-sem-xp n. txmâ-hnbp-ss h- nâ-\n- v hn-p-b- n-sâ sim-sp-ap-sn-bn-te-bv- v B H-scm-ä Iym- n-sâ A-I-ew. ]n-s B-th-i- n-sâ kv-t^m-s-\w...' 5. A-]qÀ-W hm-n-i- Ä sim-v s\-bv-sx-sp-, Szânþ20 {In- -äv a-õ-c- nâ C- y hn-p-bn- hmà- -bm-wnxv. Hmtcm hm-n-i- Ä I-gn-bp-t¼mgpw A-Sp- hm-n-i- n-te-bv- v I-S- p- -Xn-\p-Å Xn-Sp- w CXn-eqsS hm-b-\- m-c-\nâ kzm- `m-hn-i-ambpw Dm- p p. 5.1.3. H-ä- -Z Ä hmiy- Ä- p-]icw Hä -Z- Ä D-]-tbm-Kn p-sim-p-am{xw Bibw kwthz-\w sn- m³ {i-an- p- -co-xn hmà- -I-fn Im-Wmw. Imbn-I hmà- -I-fpsS X-e-s -«p-i-fnâ DÄ-s -ss H-ä-hm- p-iä D-]-tbm-Kn- p -Xv A-Xn-i-tbmàntbm-sS Im-cy- Ä tzym-xn- n- p- -Xn-\v k-lm-bn- p p. t]m-cm«w, Io-g-S n, Xq- p-hm-cn Xp-S n-b hm- p-iä D-Zm-l-c-W- -fm-wv. Io-g-S n' F- H-ä-hm- v X-e-hm-N-I-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p p. I-fn H-cp t]m-cm-«-amwv. Io-g-S-  A-Xn-se B-Xy n-ihn-p-b-hpw. A-Xn-\m -s H-cp hm- n-sâ {]-Xy- AÀ- - n-\- p-dw H-fn-ªp-In-S- p- ]-tcm- AÀ- hpw hm-b-\- mc-sâ a-\-ên-se- p p. sndn-b Im-cy- Ä timà- nw- n hm-b-\-bp-ss km-{ampyw XoÀ- p- Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv H-ä-hm- n-sâ i-àn- {]-I-S-am- p- -Xpw. B-th-i- n-sâ kvt^m-s\w, \o-e- am-em-j- q«w, ssi- n-snbn-sem-xp-  F o B-e- mcn-i {]-

110 tbm-k- fpw k-am-k- fpw Im-bn-Im-Jym-\- n-se- p p. 5.1.4. BJym-\L-S\ kw-`-h-ls-\, hy-h-lm-cl-s-\ F- n-h-bn-e-[n-jvtn-x-am-wv B-Jym-\-LS-\. kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnâ-\n- v hy-hm-lm-c-l-s-\-bn-te- p-å cq-]m- -c-am-wv B- Jym-\-]mT-am-bn- o-cp- Xv. t\à-tc-j-bn-ep-å Im-bn-Im-Jym-\w kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnem-wv A-h-X-cn- n- p- Xv. F- mâ A-Xv hy-hlm-c L-S-\-bn-te-bv- v am-dpt¼mä hm-b-\- m-sc Xr-]v-Xn-s -Sp- p- -co-xn-bnâ Iq-Sp-X DÂ- -WvTm-P-\-Iam-Ip p. hm-b-\-bnâ Xp-S-cm³ t{]-cn- n- p-i-sb- -Xm-Wv hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\-bp-ss e- yw. I-fn-bp-sS kzm-`mhn-i {I-a-Wn-I-bn-ep-Å kw-`-h-l-s-\sb A-«n-a-dn- p-ibm-wv hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\-bnâ sn- p- Xv. kw-`-h-l-s-\-bpw hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\bpw X-½n-ep-Å A- -c-am-wv B-Jym-\-L-S-\-bp-sS ImXÂ. I-fn-bp-sS kzm-`mhn-i {I-a-Wn-I-bn-ep-Å-Xm-Wv kw-`-h-ls-\. H-cp I-fn-bpsS XpS- w ap-xâ H-Sp- wh-sc Im-e-{I-a-Wn-I-bn In-S- p- A-SnØm-\ hn-hc- -fm-wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bv- m-[mcw. {In -äv I-fn-bm-sW- nâ H- ma-s d -kv ap-xâ Xp-S- p- -Xm-W-Xv. ^p-sv-t_m-fn-em-sw- nâ In-t m^v. Xp-S- - nâ-\n- v B-Xy- n-i-am-bn hn-p-b- n-te-bv- p-å Ip-Xn- m-wv Htcm I-fn-bp-tSbpw kw-`-h- LS-\. spm-lm\-kv _ÀKv: {I- -äv tem-iw sh-fp- ]- m-bn {io-im- n-sâ ssi-i-fnâ sn- n-d- n. A-Xv {io-bp-ss I- nâ D-d- -t m-tg-bv- pw C- y tem-i {In- -än-sâ s\-dp-ti-bnâ F- n-bn-cp p. ssi-hn-«hnp-bw C- y ssi- n-snbnsem-xp- n...' Szânþ20 C- yþ]m-in-kv-xm³ {In -äv a-õ-c- nâ, I-fn-bp-sS hnpbw \nà- -bn- Iym- nâ-\n- m-wv C-hn-sS B-Jym-\w Xp-S- p- -Xv. F- mâ kw- `-h-{i-a-wn-i-bnâ tsm-kv t\-sn C- y _m-än-mv Xn-c-ªn-S- m-wv I-fn Xp-S- p- Xv. kw-`-h-{i-a-wn-i-bn-ep-å hn-h-c-w- nâ I-fn A-h-km-\n- m-dm-ipt¼m-gm- Wv C- yp-ss hn-p-bw Ip-dn- v {In- -än-sâ tem-iw sh-fp- ]- m-bn {io-im- n-

111 sâ ssi-i-fnâ sn- n-d- n-bxv. C c- nâ Im-bn-Im-Jy-\- nâ cq-]-s - Sp n-b Nn-«-h-«- Ä hm-b-\- m-cnâ DÂ- WvT \n-e-\nà- n A- y- nâ Ahsc kw-xr-]v-x-cm- m³ ]-cym-]v-x-am- p p. C- y txmäp; {in-e- ss^-\-enâ Zmw-_p-Å: ]-cn-io-e-i³ am-dn-bxp-sim-sm pw Sow ]mtw ]Tn- n-sã- v C- y H-cn- Â-Iq-Sn sx-fn-bn p. {Xn-cm-{ã G-I-Zn-\- nâ A-Xn-tY-bcm-b {ioe- -tbm-sv cmw a-õ-c- n-epw C- y txmä-xv k-l-pam-b _-e-lo-\-x-iä ]p-d- p-im-«n-bm-wv. {io-e- -bp-am-bp-å a-õ-c- nâ C- y txm-äp-sh- -Xm-Wv hmà-. Cu txmâ-hn- p-]n- n-se C- y³ So-an-sâ kz`m-hk-hn-ti-j-x-bn-eq-ss-bm-wv Im-bn- Im-Jym-\w Xp-S- p- Xv. ap³-\m-b-i³ k\-xv P-b-kq-cybpw ^m-ìv _u-fà Nman-µ hmkpw kv-]n³ am-{ n-i³ ap- - ap-c-fo-[-c-\p-anãm-sx C-d- n-bn-«pw C- y- p-taâ \m-ep-hn- -än-sâ hnp-bw {io-e- ]n-sn-s -Sp- p. BZyw _m-äv snbv-x C- y \nýn-x Hm-h-dn F-«p-hn- -än-\v 220 d -sk-sp p. ASn-bn- h-c-bn-«hmiy-am-wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bp-ss Xp-S- w. F- mâ hyhlm-c L-S-\-bn A-Xv B-dma-s hmiy- n-te-bv- v amdn. {io-e- 48 Hm-hdn B-dv hn -äv \-ã- nâ e yw I-p' F- hmiy-am-wv B-dm-a-t -Xm-bn h-cp- Xv. kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnâ CXv G-ähpw A-h-km-\-am-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-t -Xv. ho-- pw A-ev-]w ap-t m-«p-ib-dn ^v-fm-jv _m- n-se- p-i-bmwv. 95 d -sk-sp- p- - Xn-\n-sS B-dv hn -äv \-ã-s -«{io-e -sb atl-e P-b-hÀ-[-\-bpw (94 t\m-«u«v) D-]pÂ-N-µ-\-bpw (45 t\m-«u«v) A-]-cm-Pn-Xam-b G-gmw-hn- -änâ sd-t m-uv Iq-«psI-«v ]-Sp- p-bà- n-bm-wv hn-p-b- n-te-bv- v \-bn- -Xv. ]n- o-sv B-dma-s J-Þn-I-bn-em-Wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bp-ss Xp-S- - n-se- p- Xv. BZyw _m-äv-snbv-x C- y-bv- v th-k-ta-dn-b-x-sã- n-epw `-{Zam-b XpS- w In-«n-sb- m-epw A-Xv ap-x-em- m-\m-bnã'. si-^n-tâ-bpw(34), ]Tm-tâ-bpw(36

112 t\m-«u-«v) an-i- {]-I-S-\- -fmwv H-Sp-hn s]m-cp-xm-hp- kv-tim-dn-te-bv- v Soan-s\ F- n- -Xv' F- A-hkm-\ hmn-iw F- n-\nâ- p -Xv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnse C- y-bp-ss _m-änw-kv F- n-\nâ- p- n-s- mwv. C- y-bp-ss ]-cm-p-b- nâ-\n- p-xps- n A-Xn-sâ Im-c-W- -fn-eq-ss k- -cn- v {i-e- -bp-ss hnp-b-t^màap-e hn-h-cn- v B-dma-s J-Þn-I-bn I-fnbp-sS Xp-S- - n-te-bv- v Ip-X-dn-am-dn C- y-bp-ss _m-än-mv A-h-km-\n- p- n-s- mwv Cu Im-bn-Im-Jym-\w A-h-km-\n- p- Xv. hn-p-b-s m-sn ]m-dn- {io-e- ³ I-fn- m-cpss t\-«- fpw A-Xn-\n-S-bv- v hn-h-cn- n-cn- p- p. C- y-bm-wv C- hn-ss hnp-bw t\-sn-b-n-cp- -sx- nepw X-e-s «pw X-e-hm-N-Ihpw C- y-³ So-an-sâ {]-I-\S-s hn-e-bn-cp- p- -Xm-Ipw. C- y- m-c\m-b hm-b-\- mc-sâ ]- - p-\n- v B-Jym-\w \nà-h-ln- -Xn-\m-em-Wv hnp-bw h-cn- {io-e- -tb- mä txmä C- y-bp-ss I-fn- v {]m-[m-\y-ta-dn-bxv. 5.1.5. BJym-\-kz-`m-hw hn-h-c-zm-\w \nà-h-ln- p-i-sb- hm-à- -bp-ss {]m-yan-i Zu-Xy-t m-ssm- w hm-bn- m³ t{]-cn- n- p-i-sb- e- yw Iq-Sn DÄ-t -cp-t¼m-gm-wv hmà- -bv- v B-IÀ-j-Iam-b B-Jym-\- n-sâ kz-`m-hw ssi-h-cp- Xv. hn-h-c- Ä hm-b-\- mc-\v kzo-i-cy-am-bn txm- -W-sa- nâ hmà- hm-b-\m- -a-am-iww. hmà- bn-se I-Y' I-s- n F-gp- p-hn-zy-bn-eq-ss I-Y-]d-ªv hm-b-\- m-cp-ss {i-²-]n- Sn- p-\nà- p- -XmI-Ww B-Jym-\-sa- v se-kv shâ ]-d-bp- p 6. Xp-S w, a-[yw, H-Sp- w F- n -s\ {]-txy-i {I-a-Wn-I-bn timà- n- W n-b hmà- mhx-c-w ssi-en-bne-[n-jvtn-x-am-wv B-Jym-\- n-sâ kz-`mhw. Xp-S w, a-[yw, H-Sp- w F- n-h-bp-åxpw Po-hn-X-am-Ip- Iym-a-d-bn-eq-sS t\m n, {]-txy-i B-ibw, k-tµ-iw F n-h \Â-In hm-bn- m³ t{]-cn- n- p- -Xp-am-Wv B-Jym-\-sa- v HmÀtem sk³-jy-en-se Inw amà- w hn-e-bn-cp- p- p 7. ImÂ-]\n-I I-Ym-co-Xn D-]-tbm-Kn- v F- -s\ hmà- A-h-X-cn- n- m-sa-

113 m-wv B-Jym-\-]-{X-{]-hÀ -\w sh-fn-hm- p- -sx- v Zn ]mw _o- v t]m-kv-änse ^o-t -gv-kv F-Un-äÀ B³ kv-an- v \n-co- n- p- p 8. Zn si³-km-kv Ìm-dn-se ta-cn se s\m-em-sâ A-`n-{]m-b- nâ k-xy-k-ô-x-bp-åxpw lr-z-b- nâ G-äphm- m-hp- -Xp-am-Wv B-Jym-\-hmÀ- 9. I-Ym-]m-{X- -fnepw cw-k-k-po-i-c-w- nepw Im-e- n-sâ N-e-\- -fnepw {i-²-bq- n-s m-m-wv B-Jym-\w \nà-h-ln- -s -Sp- Xv. ]-t -{µn-b- -fn-eqss H- cp hmà- A-\p-`-h-am- n-sb-sp- p- -Xn-\v A-\n-hm-cyam-b L-S-I- -sfãmw A- Jym-\-\nÀ-h-l-W- n-se A-kw-kvIr-X h-kv-xp- -fm-ip- p. I-Ym-]m-{X- -fp-ss Nn-{Xo-I-cWw, cw-km-h-xc-ww Xp-S- n-b-h-bn-eq-ss kv-]à-ihpw a-whpw t]mepw A-\p-`-h-th-Zy-am- m³ I-gn-bWw. kw-`-h-cw-k- Ä hmà- -bnâ Nn-{Xo-I-cn- p- -Xn-eq-sS t\c-s D-m-bn-«p-Å Nn-e kw-`-h- -fp-ss A-\p-`-h- Ä hm-b-\- mcpss HmÀ-½-bnÂ-h-cp p. Cu kv-a-c-w-iä ]pxn-b hmà- -bn-se cw-k- -fp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sn m³ hm-b-\- mc-s\ k-lm-bn- p p. Idp- nepw sh-fp- nepw I-cp- Ä \o- n X-e-t mdp-sim-v t]m-cm-«w \-bn- p- N-Xp-cw-K- -f- n-te-bv v Im-ev-]-\n-I `w-kn-iq-sn B-hm-ln- v ]pxn-b D-bc- Ä Io-g-S- p-i-bm-wv A-e-Iv-km-{µ tim-kv-ä-\n-bp-iv F- d-jy- mcn. sn-kv t_mà-un-se I-cp- Ä \o-  A-Xn-hn-Z-Kv-²am-b cw-k-nn-{xo-i-c-w- n-eq-ss-bm- Wv te-j-i³ hn-i-z-am- n-bn-cn- p- Xv. I-dp pw sh-fp pw C-S-I-eÀ- N-Xp-cw-K- -f- n-se t]m-cm-«w t\-cn-«p-å bp-²-am-bn hm-b-\- m-cn-se- p p. N-Xp-cw-K- -f- n-se hn-z-kv-²am-b Np-h-Sp-am-ä-t m-ssm- w Im-ev-]\n-I ku-µcyw Iq-Sn hmà- bnâ B-hm-ln-s -Sp- -t mä hm-b-\- mc-\v hm-b-\ hen-sbm-cp DÕhw X-s -bm-ip p. H-cp {]-txy-i cw-k-t -bv- v hm-b-\- mc-s\ B-hm-ln- n-cp- p- -Xm-Wv B-Jym-\-sa- v bp-wn-th-gv-kn-än Hm-^v ta-cn-emâv tim-tf-pv Hm-^v tpà-w-en-k- nse ko-\n-bdm-b Sm-a-c F Ju-cn \n-co- n- p- p 10. F-s kw-`-h-ø-e-t bv- v simp-t]m-iq kw`-hw Rm³ Im-Ws«. Im-gv-N-bn-eq-sSbpw a-w- n-eq-ssbpw

114 kv-]à-i-\- n-eq-ssbpw Rm³ a-\-kn-em- -s«þf- m-wv Hmtcm hm-b-\- m-c-\pw hmà -sb k-ao-]n- p-t¼mä \n-i-ð-am-bn B-{K-ln- p- -sx- v A-t±-lw ]-dbp- p. I- p-cp-«n-bp-å Hä t\m-«- nâ GXp-sIm-¼-t\bpw \n-e-bv- p-\nà- m-\p-å B-Úm-iàn. Xo-cp-am-\- -fnâ A-Wphn-S hy-xn-n-en- m- IÀ- - i- mc³. G-Xv BÄ- q-«- nepw th-dn-«p-\nâ- p- t{s-uv-amà mb sam-«- e...' I- p-cp-«n-bp-å H-ä-t\m-«- nâ GXp-sIm-¼-t\bpw \n-e-bv- p-\nà- m-\p-å B-Úm-i-ànþF- hmiy- n-eq-ssx-s Imcyw hy-à-amwv. Cu hmiyw hmbn- p-t¼mä hm-b-\- à Im-gv-N- m-wv {]-kàn. hm-b-\- m-c³ Cu kw`-hw ZÀ-in- p-i-bm-wv sn- p- -Xv. C-Sª sim¼-s\ I- p-cp-«n \n-e-bv- p-\nà- m-\p- Å ]m- m-sâ B-Úmi-àn I-fn- -f- n-te-bv- v B-tcm-]n- -s -Sp-I-bm-Wv sn- p- Xv. km[m-c-w hmà- m-hx-c-w co-xn-bã B-Jym-\-co-Xn-bn-ep-ÅXv. dnt mà-«à hn-h-c-zm-\w am{xw \nà-h-ln- p-t¼mä Nn{Xw h-c-bv- p- Xp-t]m-se hmb-\- mc-sâ {i-²-]qà- -ambpw ]n-sn-s -Sp- p- X-c- nâ hn-h-c- Ä G- tim-]n- n- v A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv B-Jym-\ ]-{X-{]-hÀ- -I³ sn- p- -Xv. \nà- _-Ô-]qÀ-hw \nà-½n-s -Sp- p- hm- p-ifpw ssi-en-ifpw D-]-tbm-Kn- v ssh-imcn-i-x kr-ãn- m-sx kzm-`m-hn-i-am-bp-m-ip- I-Y-]-d- nâ co-xn-bnâ hmà- A- h-x-cn- n- m-\m-i-w-sa- v ^v-tfmdn-u Sp-tU-bn-se I-âv ^o- À F-Un-äÀ kq-kn ^v-sf-anw-kv hn-i-zo-i-cn- p- p 11. b-ymà- h-kv-xp-x-ifpw hn-i-zmw-i- fpw kzo-icn v, A-h D-]-tbm-Kn- v I-Y-]-d-b-em-Wv B-Jym-\ hmà- m-h-x-c-w-sa- v tpm Imäpw hy-à-am- p- p 12. 5.1.6. Im-e-kq-N\ Im-ew N-cn-{X- n-sâ `m-k-amwv. Im-e-an-Ãm- b-ymà- kw-`-h- -fp-ss hn-hc-ww A-]qÀ- -amwv. C- v kw-`-hn- -Xpw H-cp hà-jw ap-¼v \-S- -Xpw hy-

115 Xykv-X am-\-kn-im-h-ø-bm-wv hm-b-\- m-cn-ep-m- p-i. A-Xn-\mÂ- -s Ft mä' F tnm-zy- n-\v hmà- m-jym-\- nâ G-sd {]-k-àn-bpv. A-Xn-\m-em- Wv Zn U-Åm-kv tam-wnw-kv \yq-kn'se tsmw tlm-v Im-e- n-sâ N-e-\- n-\v B- Jym-\-\nÀ-h-l-W- nâ G-sd kzm-[o-\-ap-s- v ]-d-ª-xv 13. I-Ym-]m-{X- n-sâ cw-kk-po-i-c-w n-s\m- w hmà- -bp-ss XpS- w ap-xâ H-Sp- w h-sc-bp-å k-a-b- n-sâ {]-hm-l- nepw {]-txy-iw {i-²n- -W-sa- v A-t±-lw \n-co- n- p p. H-ä \n-anj-s B-thiw-sIm-v ssa- Â B-RvPtem ap - v hn-câsh p-t]m-ip- I-Y-bn-se \m-b-i-\m-bn-«v ap -Xv hà-j-am-ip- p' 14. Im-ew hmà- bn-se {][m-\ L-S-I-am-sW- -Xn-\v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv Cu hà. H-ä \nanj-s B-thiw-sIm-v ssa- Â B-RvPtem aq- - v hn-câ-sh p-t]m-ip- I-Y-bn-se \m-b-i-\m-bn-«v ap -Xv hà-j-am-ip- p'þf- B-Zy-hmN-Iw hà- -am-\- Im-e- nâ-\n- v `q-x-im-e- n-te-bv- p-å B-Jym-\- n-sâ Xn-cn p-t]m- n-s\ kq-nn- n- p p. hmà- -bnâ ]n- o-sp-å Im-e- n-sâ {]-bm-ww C- -s\: 20 ]u-n-sâ ]- -bhpw Ì-¼p-IÄ- p-ap-i-fn-eq-ss-bp-å \-á-tbm-«hpw ap- v ]-Xn-äm-p-ap -s I-Y-bmWv. Xp-SÀ- -t m-«v 1975 B-K-kv-Xv \m-en-\v \-S- kw-`-h-hn-h-c-w-amwv. hà-j- Ä- p-ti-jw ]-g-b-kw`-hw s]m-sn-x-«n-sb-sp- v ]-{X-te-J-IÀ ssa- Â B-RvP-tem-bp-sS A-Sp-s - p-i-bmwv. te-j-ià A-t±l-s tx-sn-sb- p-t¼mä slà-«v t^mà-uv-j-b-dnâ d-kv-tämdâv _n-kn\- Êv \-S- p-i-bm-bn-cp p. 1975 se {I- -än-sâ e-lp-hn-h-c-whpw Cu hmà- m-jym-\- n-eq-ss hmb-\- mc-\v e-`n- p- pv. Cw- -pw Hm-kv-t{S-en-bbpw X-½n-Â \S-, k-a-\n-e-bn-tebv- v t]m-ip-sa- v D-d- m-bn- -gn-ªn-cp- ss-ìn-sâ \memw Znh-kw D- -I-gn- ªp-Å A-c-kn-I³ \n-an-j- fn-sem- nâ Im-Wn-I-fp-tSbpw I-fn- m-cp-tsbpw lrz-bw kv-xw-`n- n p-sim-v B-RvPtem F- n \qâ-_-ô-anãmsx. ImbnI

116 temi-s sr-«n- B -kw`-hw {In- -än-se BZy kv-{so- nmv' B-bn-cp p. Cw- o-jv hn -äv Io- À A-e³ t\m«pw t_m-_v hq-a-dp-am-bn-cp- p {IoknÂ. \-gvk-dn F³-Un \n- v sp-^v txmw-k ]-s -dn-bm-\m-bn X- m-sd-sp- p p. A-s¼-bÀ-am-cm-b tsmw kv-s]³-kdpw _nâ B-sebpw Pm-{K-X-tbmsS ]n- n-te-bv- v Däp-t\m- n \nâ- p p. s]«- v A-t A-ä- p-\n- v BRvPtem Ip-Xn- p-i-bm-wv...'. C -s\ t]m-ip- p ]n- n-se hn-h-cww. s]-«- px-s hà- -am-\-im-e- n-te-bv- v B-Jym-\-sa- p p. A- s\-sbm- v sn- m³ Rm³ A-tem-Nn- n-cp-t -bnã'. A- v aà âv t\-hn-bnâ D-tZym-K-Ø-\mbn-cp- C- v 54 h-b-êp-å BRvPtem ]d-bp p. F-sâ Iq-«p-Im-c-s\m- w I-fn- Im-Wm-s\- n-b-xm-bn-cp p. I-fn-bmI-s«t_m-d-Sn- n- v ap-t -dp- p. Kym-e-dn-bn Xn- n-bn-cp- Im-Wn-IÄ- -n-s-bnâ-\n- v ka-bw simãm³ F-s - nepw GÀ- m- Sm- m³ B-tem-N-\ h p. s_-äp-sh- p Rm-t\m-Sn'. N-cn-{X-am-bn -amdn-b kv-{so- n-mv BRvPtem HmÀ- p p. hà- -am-\hpw `q-xhpw C-S-I-eÀ- p-å Im-e-{I-a- Wn-I-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Cu hmà- -bp-ss B-Jym-\-\nÀ-hl-Ww km-[y-am- n-bn-cn- p- Xv. 5.1.7. Øekq-N\ F v? F-hnsS? Bcv? F- n- -s\-bpå tnm-zy- -fm-wv Htcm kw-`-h- n-tâbpw hmà- m-jym-\w hm-bn- m³ B-cw-`n- p- hm-b-\- mc-sâ a-\-ênep-m-ip- Xv. Cu tnm-zy- Ä a-\-ên-ep-m- p- B-Imw- -bm-wv hm-b-\-bv- v t{]- c-w \Â-Ip- Xv. H-cp kw-`-hwþa-xv F-hn-sS \S- p F- -dn-bm-\p-å Xz-c hmb-\- m-c³ {]-I-Sn- n- p -Xv kw`-hw X-\n- v F-{X-t m-fw _-Ôw D-m- p- p-s- -Xv I-s- p- -Xn-\v Iq-Sn-bmWv. C-Xp Iq-SmsX, kw-`-h- n-sâ cw-k-nn-{xo-ic-ww km-[y-am- -W-sa- nâ Ø-e-kq-N-\ e-`n-t --Xv A-\n-hm-cy-X-bmWv. F- nâ-am-{xta hmà- -bnâ H-cp kw-`h-s ]p-\-cm-hn-jv-i-cn- m-\miq. H-cp kw-`-h- n-sâ hn-i-z-hn-h-c- Ä DÄ-s m-ån- v Øew, k-abw,

117 ssh-im-cn-im-\p`-hw F n-h hy-à-am- n-bm-wv hmà- m-jym-\w \nà-h-ln-t -- sx- v km³ {K-{_n-tb hm-en \yq-kv t]-t -gv-kn-se P- n-^à FdntIm hy-àam- p- p 15. F- m-wv B-Jym-\-sa- -Xn-s\- p-dn- v U-b-täm-W _n- v \yq-kv tpà- W-en-se ssa- v FÂ. sn- v-tjm-«v ]-d-bp- hm-n-i- nâ B-Zy-ap-Å-XpX-s Ø-e-]-cm-aÀ-i-amWv. F-\n- v Ø-e-kq-N-\ Xcq, A- -co- w F-s A-\p-`-hn- n- s«'sb- v Xp-SÀ- v A-t±-lw ]-d-bp p: hmà- -tbm-ssm- w F-s Xp-Scm³ t{]-cn- n- q, A-Sp -Xv F- m-sw- -dn-bm-\p-å t{]-c-w F- n-ep-wà- q...' A-t±-lw Xp-S-cp p. Im-bn-Im-Jym-\- nâ G-ähpw {]-k-à-am-b-xm-wv Ø-e-]-cm-aÀiw. {In- -än-sâ lr-z-b-`q-anbmb temà-uv-kn-se ssa-xm-\- nâ B-j-kv ]-c-¼-c-bn-tebv- v Xp-Wn-bp-cn-ªv B-RvP-tem F-Sp- v Nm-Sn-b-Xv 1975 B-Kkv-X \m-en-\mwv. Cw- pw Hm-kv-t{S-en-bbpw X-½n \S-, k-a-\n-e-bn-te-bv- v t]m-ip-sa- v D-d- mbn-i-gn-ªn-cp- ss-ìn-sâ \memw Znh-kw D- -I-gn-ªp-Å A-c-kn-I³ \n-an-j- -fn-sem- nâ Im-Wn-I-fp-tSbpw I-fn- m-cp-tsbpw lrz-bw kv-xw-`n- n p-sim-v B- Útem F nþ \qâ _-Ô-anÃmsX! ImbnI temi-s sr-«n- B-kw`-hw {In- -än-se B-Zy kv-{so- n-mv B-bn-cp p' þcu-kw`-hw F-hn-sS \S- p F- -dnbm-\p-å hm-b-\- mc-sâ B-Imw- ]qà- o-i-c-w- n-\v Ø-e-Nn-{Xo-Ic-Ww D- -c-am-ip- p. hmà- C- -s\ Xp-S-cp p: Cw- o-jv hn- -äv Io- À A-e³ t\m«pw t_m-_v hq-a-dp-am-bn-cp- p A- t mä {Io-knÂ. \-gvk-dn F³-UnÂ-\n- v sp-^v txmw-]v-k ]-s -dn-bm-\m-bn X- m-sd-sp- p p. A-s¼-bÀ-amcmb tsmw kv-s]³-k-dpw _nâ A-sebpw Pm-{K-Xtbm-sS ]n- n-te-bv- v Däp-t\m- n-\nâ- p p. s]«- v A-t A-ä- p-\n- v ]n-d- ]-Sn B-Útem Ip-Xn- p-i-bmwv. ]n- n-\-sp-t -bv- v Hm-Sn-sb nb B bphm-hv Ì-¼p-IÄ- p-ap-i-fn-eqss Nm-Sn- S- v \-gvk-dn F³-Un-te-bv- v ]m-bp p.

118 H-Sp-hn tì-un-b- n-se C-cp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-t m-fw Im-Wn-IÄ- m-bn H-cp tp-xmhn-sâ `m-h- nâ sk-eyq«v. au-v kv-äm³-kn-te-s n-b B-Ú-tem-sb t]m-eokv Im- p-\nâ- p-m-bn-cp p. ]n-d- ]-Sn I-Ì-Un-bnÂ!'. H-cp {In -äv ssa-xm-\n-bp-ss hy-àam-b Nn{Xw Cu hmà- \Â-Ip- p. ]-s -dn-bm-\p-å X- m-sd-sp v, A-s¼-b-dp-sS ]n- n-te-bv- p-å Däp-t\m Â, kv-ä-¼p-iä- p ap-i-fn-eq-ss Nm-Sn- -S Â, \-gvk-dn F³-Un-te-bv- v ]mbâ, H-Sphn tì-un-b- n-se Im-Wn-IÄ- v t\-sc sk-eyq-«pw.. {In -äv ssa-xm\n, A- Xn-\p-Npäpw tì-un-b- n-se Im-Wn-IÄþF n-h Cu hm-n-i- -fn-eq-ss hy-àamwv. F-hn-sS-bm-Wv I-fn-\-S- p- -sx v {In- -än-sâ lr-z-b-`q-anbmb tem-uvkn-se ssa-xm\w' F- hm-n-i- n-eq-ss hm-b-\- mc-\v a\kn-em-ip p. 5.1.8. BJym-\- n-sâ e yw Gsd ]-{X-am-²y-aØm-]-\- fpw hn-t\m-z-hy-h-km-b- n-sâ `m-k-am-bn-«m- Wv ]{X -sf Im-Wp- Xv. hn-h-c-zm-\-am-wv {]m-yan-ie- y-sa- nepw hn-t\m-z- n\pw hmà- -I-fn {]m-[m\yw \Â-Ip- -Xp-Im-Wmw. hmà- -bp-ss kw-th-z-\ -a-x ]-e-t mgpw hn-e-bn-cp- p -Xv hn-t\m-z- n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\- n-em-wv. I- ev]n-xi-y-bp-ss tn-cp-h-iä A- -s\-bm-wv hmà- m-h-x-c-w- n-sâ `m-k-am-bxv. hmà- hm-bn- n- p-i-sb- -Xm-Wv hmà- m B-Jym-\-I-cm-sâ ap- n-ep-mti- {]m-yan-i e- yw. hn-h-c-zm-\w kmà-h-{xn-iam-b h-kv-xpxbm-sw- nepw hmb-\-bv- v t{]-cn- n- p- n-sã- nâ B-e- yw ]qà- o-i-cn- p-i-bnã. Im-bn-I- hmà- hm-bn- p-t¼mä I-fn-Im-Wp- A-\p`-hw hm-b-\- mc-\nâ P-\n- n- m³ I-gn-bWw. Zr-iy-am-[y-a- -fp-ss hc-hv A- -Sn-am-[y-a -sf A-{]-k-à-am- ptam F- B-i -sb CÃm-Xm- nb-xv hm-b-\ A-\p-`-hn- n- p-isb- X-{ - n-eq-ss-bmwv. ss-en-hn-j\ntem t\-cnt«m I-fn-I--hÀ t]mepw Imbn- I hmà- hm-bn- m³ XmÂ-]cyw Im-Wn- p- -Xn-\v ]n- nâ A-Xn-sâ B- Jym-\ NXp-c-X-bmWv. hm-b-\ A-\p-`-h-am- p-i-bm-wv B-Jym-\- n-sâ e- yw.

119 Cu A-\p-`-h-am-  {]-{In-b-bm-Wv B-Jym-\- n-sâ kz`m-h k-hn-ti-j-x-i-fnte-bv- v hmà- m-jym-\-imc-s\ \-bn- Xv. XpS- w ap-xâ H-Sp- wh-sc hm-b-\- mc-s\ hmà- -bnâ Xp-S-cm³ \nà-_-ôn-x-am- p- -co-xn-bnâ kw`-hw hn-h-cn- p- -Xn-s\-bm-Wv B-Jym-\am-bn hy-h-lcn- p- -sx- v Zn k t{im-wn- n-fnse ^o-t -gv-kv F-Un-ädmb si³ tdm-kv hy-à-am- p- p 16. k-xy-am-ip- FÃn³ I-jv-W- -fn-t  amw-kw snà- v B-Im-c-ku-jvT-h-ap-Å-Xm- p- co-xn-bm-wv B-Jym-\-sa- v ko-änâ t]m-kv-äv Câ-en-P³-k-dn-se kvän-ss^³ do-uv ko-sa³-kv ]-d-bp- p 17. C-sXÃmw B-Xy- n-i-am-bn B-Jym-\- n-te-bv- m-wv hn-câ Nq-p- Xv. {In- -än-se B-Zy \-á-tbm-«- n-\v C- v ap- -XvþF- hmà- B-Jym-\- n-sâ e- y-]qà- o-i-c-w- n-\v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. ap- -Xv hà-jw ap- ¼v \-S- H-cp kw`-hw hà- -am-\þ`q-x-im-em-jym-\- -fn-eq-ss a-t\m-l-c-am-bn B-Jym-\n- p p. C- v X-sâ A-km-am-\y ss[-cy-s - p-dn-t mà- p- Xpt]mepw A-t±-l- n-\v `-b-amwv. slà-«v t^mà-uv sj-b-dnâ d-kv-tämdâv _nkn\-kv \-S- p-i-bm-wv {In -äv kv-{so- n-mn-se X-e-sXm-«³' C- -s\-bm-wv hà- -am-\-im-em-jym-\- n-eq-ss hmà- k-am-]n- p- Xv. Xp-S- hpw H-Sp- hpw hà- -am-\-im-e- nâ \-S- p- Cu hmà- `q-x-im-e- n-teb- v C-S- n-ss H- fnªp-t\m- p-ibpw sn- p p. A -s\ sn- m³ Rm³ B-tem-Nn- n-cp-t -bnã...' A- v aà âv t\-hnbnâ D-tZym-K-Ø-\m-bn-cp-, C- v 54 h-b-êp-å BRv-Ptem ]-d-bp p. F-sâ Iq-«p-Im-c-s\m- w I-fn-Im-Wm-s\- n-b-xm-bn-cp- p. I-fn-bmI-s«t_m-d-Sn- n- v apt -dp p. Kym-e-dn-bn Xn- n-bn-cp- Im-Wn-IÄ- n-s-bnâ-\n- v ka-bw simãm³ F-s - nepw GÀ- m-sm- m³ B-tem-N-\-h p. A- -s\-bm-wv h-kv-{xap-cn-ªv Hm-Sm-\p-Å ]-cn-]m-sn NÀ- -sn- -s -«Xv. A-Xn-\n-sS s_-än-\p-tm F- shãp-hnfn. a-säm pw B-tem-Nn- nã. s_-äp-sh p; Rm-t\mSn' þ N-cn-{X-am-bn-amdnb kv-{so- n-mv BRv-Ptem HmÀ- p p.

120 ]-{X- nepw So-hn-bnep-sam-s ]-Swh- -txm-ss B-sI \m-w-t -Smbn. Sn.hn-bn B-RvPtem-bp-sS Nn{Xw I-v ho-«p-imà A- w-hn«p. {]m-tzin-i Iu kn-en-se Aw-Kam-b B-RvPtem-bp-sS AÑ-\v C-Xv Xm- m-hp- -Xn-e- p-d-am-bncp p. Xm-a-k -Ø-eam-b skâv BÂ-_-³-kn-se ]- nâ H¼-Xv t]cpw I- nsb Xn-cn- -dnªp. Hm-kv-t{S-en-b-bn-ep-Å ]-g-b Im-ap-In t]mepw t^m-wnâ hn-fn- p...' hmà- Xp-S-cp p. \m-sio-b ap-lqà- - Ä kr-ãn- v B-Jym-\- n-sâ hn-t\m-z e yw ]qà- o-i-cn- p- a-säm-cp hmà- -bm-wv Htc-sbm-cp tkmä! l ow lo-tdm'. s]-jm-hm-dn-se J- pw tì-unbw. ]-I-c- m-cp-ss s_- nâ, C- y-bpss ]- mw-\-¼à tp-gv-kn-b-wn-ªv A-ÐpÄ l ow hopw Du-gw Im- n-cp p. 64þmw an-\p«v. tim- v kp-jv hn-µà knmv, A-`n-tj-Iv bm-z-hn-s\ Xn-cn- p-hn-fn- p p. ]I-cw kv-ss{s- -dm-bn l ow I-fn- -f- n-te-bv v. ap-t ap- v an-\p-«v...hnw-knâ-\n- v Iym-]-ä³ sh- n-ts-jn-sâ t{im-kv h p. t_m-iv-kn-\p- Ån Ir-Xy-\nÀ-h-l-W- n-\v l- ow, F-t mtgm d-un-bm-bn- -gn-ªn-cp p! C yþ1, ]m-in-kv-xm³þ0. l- o-an-sâ I- n A- m-cm-{ã tkmä 18. Ø-eþIm-e kq- N-\-IÄ DÄ -ss B-Jym-\- n-sâ kz-`m-h- Ä {]-I-Sn- n- p- Cu hmà- e- y-]qà- o-i-c-w- n-\v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. BImw- \n-e-\nà- p-s m-p-å B-Jym-\- n-eq-ss hm-b-\- Xp-S-cm³ t{]- cn- n- p- -Xn-\v A-\n-hm-cyam-b L-S-I- -fp-ss kw- n-]v-x-amwv Cu L-S-I- - fnâ DÄ-s m-åp- Xv. hm- p-iä B-Jym-\-\nÀ-h-l-W- n-sâ {]m-yan-i L-S- Iw am-{x-amwv. hm- p-ifpw hm-n-i- fpw \nà-an-s -Sp- p- _nw-_- -fm-wv B- Jym\-s A-\p-`-h-X-e-hp-am-bn _-Ôn- n- p- I- n-bm-ip- Xv. kw-`-h-l-s-\- bp-tsbpw hy-hlm-cl-s-\-bp-tsbpw thà-xn-cn-hv iq-\yam-b H-cp aq-i-am-{x-amwv. I-fn-bp-sS kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-ep-å B-Jym\s Cu ap-i-bnâ D-cp n-sbm-gn- m- Wv hy-hlm-cl-s-\- cq-]-s -Sp- p- -Xv.

121 Im-e-kq-N-\bpw Ø-e-kq-N-\bpw C-h-sbÃmw DÄ-s m-åp- cw-k-k-po- I-c-W-hp-w hy-hlm-c L-S-\-bp-sS `m-k-amwv. Im-e-kq-N-\-bnÃm- B-Jym-\w hmb-\- m-c-\nâ A-]qÀ- am-b hm-b-\m-\p`-hw am-{x-ta kr-ãn- q. AXp-t]mse s -bm-wv Ø-e-kq-N-\-bp-sS Im-cy-hpw. H-cp kw`-hw A-Xv F-hn-sS \S- p F- -dn-bm-\p-å B-Imw- hm-b-\- m-c³ {]-I-Sn- n- p -Xv kw-`-h-hp-am-bn X-\n-s -{X _-Ô-ap-s- v a-\-ên-em- m-\mwv. Im-bn-Im-Jym-\w BÀ- p-th-n F- n-\m-wv F-gp-Xp- -sx t_m-[y-ap-s- nâ am-{x-ta B-Jym-\-Imc-\v X-sâ Im-gv-N- m-sv B-Jym-\- nâ hy-à-am- m³ I-gn-bp-I-bp-Åq. C-hn-sS-bm-Wv B-Jym-\e- y- n-sâ {]-kàn. B-Jym-\- n-se G-ähpw sndn-b L-S-Iam-b hm- p-i-fnâ-\n- v XpS- n hm-n-i- n-eq-ss _nw-_- n-te-bv- v IS- v Ø-e-]-cm-aÀ-iw \Â-Im³ cw-km-h- Xc-Ww \-S n, Im-e-kq-N-\ \Â-In Xn-I pw hy-xy-kv-xam-b H-cp L-S-\m-k-ap bw A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv Im-bn-I-hmÀ- m-h-x-c-w- n-eq-ss sn- p- Xv. C-hsbÃmw Iq-Sn-t -cp-t¼m-gm-wv Øq-eam-b B-Jym-\-co-Xn-bnÂ-\n- v hmà- -bv- v tamn-\w e-`n- p- Xv. I-fn-bn B-cv P-bn- p-sa- B-Imw- bpw I-fn-bn Hmtcm \n-an-j-hp-ap-m-ip- D-tZz-K-P-\-Iam-b kw-`-h- -fpw B-Jym-\-L-S-\-bn DÄ-t -cp-t¼m-gm-wv A-\p-`-hn- n- p-i-sb- e yw km- mâ- -cn- -s -Sp- Xv. 5.2. Ipä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\w hmà- -I-fn G-ähpw Iq-Sp-X t]-sc B-IÀ-jn- p- Xpw Iq-Sp-X-em-fp- IÄ hm-bn- p- Xpw Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\- -fmwv. Im-bnIw, kmw-kv- m-cniw, cm-{ão-bw F o hmà- -IÄ XmÂ-]-cy-ap-Å-hÀ am{xw hm-bn- p-t¼mä Ip-ä-Ir- Xy- -sf- p-dn- p-å hmà- -IÄ FÃm hm-b-\- m-cnepw XmÂ-]-cy-ap-m- p p. sim-e-]m-xiw, tam-jww, `-h-\-t`-z\w, _-emâ-õw-kw F- n -s\ \o-fp- Ipä-Ir-Xy- -fp-ss ]n- nâ H-cp I-Y-bv- p-å hn-j-b- Ä-X-s -bp-m-ipw. C-Xn-\m Np-cp-f-gn-bp- kw-`-h- -fp-ss D-Å-d-I-fn-te-bv- v {]-th-in- p- -Xn-\v hm-b-\- mc-\v kzm-`m-hn-i-ambpw DÄ-t{]-c-W D-m-Ip p. km-[m-cw t\m-h-ep-i-tf- mä

122 A-]-kÀ-]I t\m-h-ep-iä Iq-Sp-X B-fp-IÄ hm-bn- p- p F -Xv H-cp bm-ymà- y-am-wv. A-]-kÀ- I t\m-h-ep-i-fn-te-bv- v hm-b-\- mà B-IÀ-jn- -s -Sp- - Xn-sâ a-\:im-k-v-{xw-x-s -bm-wv Ip-ä-Ir-XyhmÀ- -I-tfm-Sp-Å B-IÀ-j-W- n-\v ]n- n-ep-ap-åxv. `mh-\-sim-v sa-\-sª-sp- p- I-Y-bp-sS a-e- w-a-dn- n-ep- I-fm-Wv Ip-äm-t\z-jW t\m-h-ep-i-fnâ hm-b\-sb B-IÀ-jn- p- -sx- nâ, b- YmÀ- kw-`-h- nâ Ip-ä-IrXyw \-S- p- -bmä kr-ãn-s -Sp- p- {]-tl-fn-i- I-fm-Wv Ipä-Ir-XyB-Jym-\ sf {i-t²-b-am- p- Xv. kw-`-h- -fp-ss Hcp k-amlm-cw-x-s -bm-wv hmà- -I-fn-eq-sS A-h-X-cn- n- p- Xv. kw-`h- -tfm-tcm pw hy-xy-kv-x-hp-am-bn-cn- pw. sx-fn-hp-iä \-in- n- m\pw A-t\z-jW-s h-gn-xn-cn- p-hn-sm-\p-ap-å {i-a- Ä hà-j- Ä \o- A-t\z-j-W- n-\v X-s h-gn-sh-bv- pw. 5.2.1. Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-hmÀ- -I-fp-sS k-hn-ti-j-x-iä Ipä-Ir-XyhmÀ- -I-fn {]-[m-\-ambpw \m-s-io-b-x, hmà -sb B-IÀ-j- I-am- p- hm- piä, _nw-_ Ä, ssi-en-iä, hm-iy- Ä, B-Jym-\-LS-\, k-hn-ti-jamb B-Jym-\-kz-`mhw, Im-e-kqN-\, Ø-e-kqN-\, hy-xy-kv-xam-b e- yw F- o L-S-I- Ä DÄ-t À- n-cn- pw. 5.2.1.F. \m-s-io-bx Ipä-Ir-Xy- -fp-ss \m-s-io-b-x-bm-wv H- m-a-xm-bn F-Sp- -]-d-tb- k-hntij-x. BJym-\- n-\- p-dw kw-`-h- Ä kr-ãn- p- \m-s-io-b-x-bm-wv C cw hmà- -I-sf D-Xv-I-WvTm-P-\-I-am- p- -Xv. A-Xn-\m B-Jym-\-\nÀ-h-l-Ww sim-sã- nepw kw-`-h- n-sâ k-hn-tij-x-sim-v hm-b-\- m-c³ Ip-ä-Ir-Xy hmà- -I-fn-te-bv- v B-IÀ-jn- -s -Sp p. F- mâ kw-`-h- n-sâ kw- n-]v-xw hnh-cn- v hm-b-\-bp-ss B-IÀ-j-Wo-b-X \-ã-s -Sp- p- hmà- m-h-x-c-w-co-xn hmb-\- Xp-S-cm³ hnlm-x-am-bn- ocpw. \m-s-io-b ap-lqà- - Ä \n-d-ª Ip-ä-Ir- Xy B-Jym-\- -Ä H«pw \m-s-io-bx tnmà p-t]m-im-sx A-h-X-cn- n- m³ I-gn-

123 bww. IWn- p-ipf- -c Iq-«-s m-e-t -kn-se {]-[m-\-{]-xn-i-fn-sem-cmfm-b _n-\o-jn-s\ ]n-sn-iqsn-b kw`-hw hmà- -bm-bn A-h-X-cn- n- co-xn \ms-io-bm- Jym-\- n\v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv 19. k-]v-xw-_à 30 sh-ån-bmgv-n ]p-eà-s H- cp-awn-tbm-ss ti-c-f- nâ-\n- på t]m-eo-kv kw-lw AXo-h c-l-ky-am-bn X- an-gv-\m-«nâ B-\-a-e-bv- -Sp- p-å X-½mw-]-Xn-bn-se- p p. A-[n-Iw BÄ- mà- nãm- {]-tziw. hen-b Ir-jn- -f- -fpw A-h-bv- p-\-sp-hnâ H-ä-s -«ho-sp-ifpw. hm-l-\- -fnâ h- n-cp t]m-eo-kv kw-lw Ip-sd bm-{x-snbv-x ti-jw kw-l- n-ep-m-bn-cp- hà h-m-l-\- nâ-\n- nd- n ImÂ-\-S-bm-bn apt m-«p-\o n. X-½mw-]-Xn-bn j ap-j Ku-À F- -bm-fp-ss hn-im-eam-b sx- n³ txm- n-\v \-Sp-hn Øn-X-n-sN- p- sndn-b ho-sm-bn-cp- p e- yw. kw-lw ho-sv h-fªp. ho-sn-\v ]p-d- p-in-s- n-cp- BÄ D-WÀ- v _-l-f-ap-m- n-sb- nepw t]m-eo-kv hm-xnâ X-Ån- pd- v A-I- p-i-s p. ti-c-f- nâ tim-fnf- w kr-ãn- I-Wn- p-ipf- -c Iq-«-s m-e-t -kn-se {]-[m-\-{]-xn-i-fnâ H-cmfmb _n-\o-jn-s\ F-XnÀ-s m- pw t\-cn-sm-sx kà- nä C³-kv-s]-ÎÀ cm-a-n-{µ\pw kwl-hpw ]n-sn-iqsn. _n-\ojn-s\m- w k-tlm-z-c³ tkm-ipâ, k-lm-bn Zm-\ntb F- n-h-tcbpw t]m-eo-kv I-kv-ä-Un-bn-se-Sp- p...' Imbn-I hm-à- -I-fn-se-t m-se Ip-ä-Ir-Xy hmà- -I-fnepw B-Jym-\- nsâ s]m-xp-l-s-i- Ä I-s- m-sa nepw. hmà- -I-fp-sS kz-`m-h-a-\p-k-cn v L-S- I- -fp-ss {]m-[m\yw G-dnbpw Ip-d-ªp-an-cn- p-w. {]m-[m\yw t\m- n A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-sb -Xv Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\ -sf kw-_-ôn- v CXp-sIm-pX-s G-sd {]-k-à-am-wv. 5.2.1._n. hmà -sb B-IÀ-j-I-am- p- hm- piä, _nw-_ Ä BJym\-s B-IÀ-jIam- p- -Xn\v D-]-tbm-Kn- p- hm- p-iä Ip-ä- Ir-Xy B-Jym-\- -fp-ss k-hn-ti-j-x-bmwv.

124 sam-ss_â t^m-wn-eq-ss {]-Xn-IÄ \-S n-b B-i-b-hn-\n-a-b-am-Wv A-\- -cm-a³ sim-e-t -knâ \nà- m-b-i sx-fn-hm-b-xv' 20. sim-e-t kv, \nà- m-b-i sx-fnhv, {]-am-zam-b, tim-fnf- w, ]n-sn-bnâ, A-d-ÌnÂ, I-ÌUn, dn-am³uv, H-fn- m-h-fw, Iq-«-s m-e, Ip-ä-]-{Xw, kq-{x-[m-c³, ssi-hn-e v, Kq-V-]-²Xn, Ir- Xyw-\-S p-i Xp-S- n-b-h Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\- -fnâ s]m-xp-th D-]-tbm-Kn- p- hm- p-i-fm-wv. D-]-tbm-Kn- v ]-gin-b ]-Z- Ä- v ]I-cw ]pxn-b hm- p-iä kr-ãn- p- Xpw km-[m-c-w-amwv. aq- m-dnâ hn-p-\am-b ku-icyw H- p-tnà- -t mä B-\µpw A³-]pcmPpw IrXyw \nà-h-ln- p-ibpw sn-bvxp' 21. hn-p-\am-b ku-icyw F- -Xv k- µà-`- n-\v A-\p-k-cn- v kr-ãns -Sp- -s «hm- mwv. `À- m-hn-s\ simebv p-sim-sp- \-h-h-[p-hn-sâ Ip-dn- Sn' þf- -hmà- -bn-emwv Cu hm- p-]- tbm-kn- Xv. Fgp-Xn X- m-dm- n-b Xnc- -Y A-Sn-Øm-\-am- n hn-`mh-\w snbvx sime-]m-x-i- n-sâ hmà- -bm-wnxv. Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn-se tem-uv-pnâ \-S- m-sx-t]mb sim-e-]m-x-iw' F- X-e-s -t«m-ss X- m-dm n-b hmà- -bnâ {]-Xn B-kq-{X- Ww snbvx sim-e-]m-x-i- n-sâ KqUm-tem-N-\-bmWv Ip-dn- -Sn'bm-bXv. kw-`-h- Ä- -\p-kr-x-am-bn ]pxn-b hm- p-iä kr-ãn-s -Sp- p-t¼m-gm-wv ]pxn-b `mhx-ew hm-b-\- m-cnâ D-WÀ- m³ I-gn-bp- Xv. 5.2.1.kn.hmÀ- m-_nw-_- Ä k- oà- am-b _nw-_ Ä-sIm-v k-ar-²-aã Ip-ä-Ir-Xy hmà- IÄ. Imbn- I B-Jym-\- -fnâ-\n- v Xn-I pw hy-xy-kv-x- fm-b _nw-_- -fm-wv Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\- -fn-ep-åxv. efn-xamb _nw-_- -fm-wv km-[m-c-w Ip-ä-Ir-Xy hmà- - I-fn D-]-tbm-Kn- m-dp-åxv. C-{Xbpw Ir-Xyam-b co-xn-bnâ F-gp-Xn X- m-dm n-b bm-{xm-]²-xn Im-

125 api-\v F-gp-Xn \ÂIn-b ti-j-am-wv hn-zy `À- m-hn-s\ a-c-w- n-sâ a-[p-hn-[phn-te-bv- v -Wn- -Xv' 22. kzm-`m-hn-i-ambpw A-\- -cma-\v B- bm-{x a-c-w- n-sâ a-[p-hn-[p-hm-bn-cp p. `m-cybp-sam- p-å a-[p-hn-[p-hn-\v ap- m-dn-se n-b A-\- cma-\v e-`n -Xv a-c-w-t m-ssm- p-å a-[p-hn[p. k-µà-`- n\v tbm-pn- _nw-_- IÂ- -\-bv- v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-WnXv. CX-\p-k-cn- v sn-ss -bnâ-\n- v Xn-cn- p- ka-bw ap-xâ Xm-a-kn- p tlm-«-ep-i-fp-ss hn-h-cwh-sc Ir-Xy-am-bn sssw-ts-_nä t]m-se I-S-emkn tc-j-s -Sp- n-bn-cp- p'. kz- w `À- m-hn-s\ Im-ap-I-\p-am-bn tnà- v sime-s -Sp- m³ X- m-dm nb sssw-ts-_n-fn-s\- p-dn- m-wv ]-cm-aà-in- n-«p-åxv. {]- hr- n-bp-ss k-a-b-{i-a-' am-wv sssw-ts-_nä F- -hm- n-eq-ss sh-fn-hm- n-bn-«p- ÅXv. Xp-SÀ- p-h-cp- hm-n-i- nâ hn-zy Ip-dn- p-\â-in-b a-cw p-dn -Sn C- - s\-bm-bn-cp p' F- v ]-d-bp- pv. Hcp sim-e-]m-x-i- n-sâ Xn-c- -Y-bmWv Cu a- c-w- p-dn- Sn. a-säm-cp hmà- -bnâ, `o-xn-p-\-iam-b H-cp kn-\na-sb sh-ãp- co-xn-bnem-bn-cp- p {]-ho h-[w jm-pn B-kp-{X-Ww sn-bv-xxv. ]t, F-hntStbm H- v ]mfn. A-Xv jm-pn-sb \-bn -Xv P-bn-en-te-bv- m-bn-cp p. ssi-hn-e- p-a-wn- ªv ]m-fn-t m-b kw-hn-[m-\-s - -än jm-pn A-t\z-j-W D-tZymK-Ø-t\m-Sv ]-d- ª-Xn- -s\...' 23. F n -s\ Xn-c- -Y-bv- v A-\p-Iq-eam-b ]-Ým- -e-sam-cp- p-i-bm-wv sn- p- Xv. Xp-SÀ- v Xn-c- -Y-bp-sS cq-]- nâ B-Jym-\w \nà-h-ln- p p. 5.2.1.Un. hm-iy- Ä hm p-iä I- n-i-fm-bn hn-f- n-t À- v hm-iy-l-s-\-bnâ ]pxp-a kr-ãns -Sp- p-i-sb- -Xm-Wv Ip-ä-Ir-XymJym-\- -fn-sebpw shãp-hnfn. IÀ- mhv, IÀ½w, {Inb F- {I-a- n-epå ssi-en-am{xw ]n- p-sà p-sim-p-å c-n-\m-co- Xn- v hm-iy-l-s-\-bp-ss ]p-xp-a-\n-e-\nà- m-\m-hnã. Ch-sb {]-txy-i co-xn-bnâ

126 kw-tbm-pn- n- p-t¼m-gm-wv ]p-xp-a-bp-å hm-iy- Ä kr-ãn- -s -Sp- Xv. k-]v-xw-_à 30 sh-ån-bm-gv-n ]p-eà-s H-cp awn-tbm-ss ti-c-f- nâ-\n- p-å H-cp t]m-eo-kv kw-lw AXo-h c-l-ky-am-bn X-an-gv-\m-«n B-\-a-e-bv- -Sp- p-å X-½mw-]-Xn-bn-se- p- p'. I-Wn- p-ip-f- -c Iq-«-s m-e-t -kv kw-_- Ôn {]-Xn-IÄ lm-p-cpv, ]-t...' F- I-hÀ tì-dn-bp-ss B-Zy-hm-N-I-am-WnXv. Cu-hmIyw ]qà-w-am-sw- nepw Xp-SÀ- p-h-cp- A-[n-Iw BÄ- mà- nãm- {]- tziw. hen-b Ir-jn- -f- -fpw A-h-bv- v \-Sp-hn H-ä-s -«ho-sp-i-fpw. hm-l-\- -fnâ h- n-cp t]m-eo-kv kw-lw Ip-sd bm-{x-sn-bv-x-ti-jw kw-l- n-ep-mbn-cp- -hà hm-l-\- nâ-\n- nd- n ImÂ-\-S-bm-bn ap-t m«v \o- n. X-½mw-]-Xnbn j ap-j Ku-À F- -bm-fp-ss hn-im-eam-b sx- n³ txm- n-\v \-Sp-hn Øn-Xn-sN- p sim- p-ho-sm-bn-cp- p e- yw. kw-lw ho-sv h-f-ªp...' F- n - s\ sn-dpxpw h-ep-xpam-b hm-n-i- Ä C-S-I-eÀ- n-bmwv Cu hmà- -bp-ss F- gp- v \nà-h-ln- n-«p-åxv. {]-hr- n- v {]m-[m-\yw \Â-In-s m-p-å Cu hm-iy-co- Xn-bn-eq-sS N-Sp-e-X kr-ãn-s -Sp- m³ I-gn-bp p. A-Xn-i-tbm-àn {]-I-Sn- n- p- -Xn-\v ]I-cw \m-s-io-b-x kr-ãn-s -Sp- m-\mwv Cu c-n-\m-co-xn-bn-eq-ss te-j- I³ {i-an- n-«p-åxv. H w sn-dpxpw h-ep-xpam-b hm-iy- -fn-eq-ss hm-b-\-bv- v A-\p-Iq-eam-b Xm-fw kr-ãn- m\pw I-gn-bp- pv. hen-b Ir-jn- -f- fpw A-h-bv- v \-Sp-hn H-ä-s -«ho-sp-i-fpw' Cu hmà- -bn-se A-]qÀ-Wam-b scp hmiy-am-wnxv. Xp-SÀ- v Ip-d- p-hm-n-i- Ä- ptijw kw-lw ho-sv h-fªp' F- hmiyw Im-Wmw. hen-b hm-n-i- Ä- n-sbnâ sndn-b hm-iy- fpw D-]-tbm-Kn- n-cn- p-i-bm-wn-hnss. C- -s\-bp-å hm- Iyc-N-\ hm-b-\-bp-ss Xm-f-s -t mepw kzm-[o-\n- p- -Xm-bn Im-Wmw. 5.2.1.C. BJym-\L-S\ Im-bn-Im-Jym-\- -sf-t m-se -s kw-`-h-ls-\, hy-h-lm-cl-s-\ F- nh-bn-e-[n-jvtn-x-am-wv Ip-ä-Ir-Xy-hmÀ- -I-fp-tSbpw A-Jym-\-LS-\. kw-`-h-l-s-\-

127 bnâ-\n- v hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\-bn-te-bv- p-å Np-h-Sp-am-ä- n-\n-sn-bn-em-wv B-Jym-\- L-S-\- cq]w-sim-åp- Xv. Ip-ä-IrXyw \-S- p- -Xn-\v ap-¼v Ip-ä-IrXyw sn- p- BÄ kw`-hw B- kq-{x-ww sn- p- Xpw Xp-SÀ- p-å {i-a-hp-am-wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-ep-å B-Jym-\- n-sâ Xp-S- -am-bn h-cp- Xv. H-cp sim-e-]m-x-i- n-sâ Xp-S- w-ap-xâ H-Sp- wh-sc hn-h-cn- p- co-xn Ip-ä-Ir-Xy B-Jym-\- -fnâ s]m-xp-hm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn- p-im-wmw. {]-Xn-sb A-d-Ìv sn-bv-xp-i-gn-ªmâ tnm-zyw-sn- -enâ sh-fn-hm-ip- Im-cy- Ä kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnâ- -s A-h-X-cn- n- p- co-xnbpw ]n- p-sà pt]m-cm-dpv. `o-xn-p-\-iam-b H-cp kn-\na-sb shãp- -co-xn-bn-em-bn-cp- p {]-ho h- [w jm-pn B-kq-{X-Ww sn-bv-xxv. ]t, F-hnsStbm H- v ]mfn. A-Xv jm-pnsb \-bn -Xv P-bn-e-d-bn-te-bv- m-bn-cp p. ssi-hn-e- p-a-wn-ªv ]m-fn-t m-b kw-hn-[m-\-s - p-dn- v jm-pn ]-d-ª-xn- s\: cw-kw H v: c-v am-k- Ä- p-ap-¼v H-cp Zn-\w. jm-pn-bp-ss ]-Åp-cn- n-bn-se hosv. ho-«n-se n-b _-Ôp- -tfm-sv jm-pn ]-dªp. Rm³ {]-ho-wn-\v th-n H-cp ]pxnb Im-dv hm n. A-Xv A-h³ am{xw Hm-Sn- mâ axn. cw-kw cv: H-cp am-kw ap-¼v jm-pn-bp-ss h-kxn. ho«nâ jm-pn-bp-ss `m-cy jm-znbp-ss _-Ôp- fpw {]-ho-wn-sâ _-Ôp- -fpw. C-hÀ- p-t\-sc jm-pn B-t{Im-in- p- p. `m-cy-bpam-b {]-ho \-S n-b A-hnln-X _-Ôw I-t m-ss ]n-sn-iqsn-b jm-pn-bp-ss am-t\-pà A-Pn k-ao-] v. FÃm-hcpw tiä-s jm-pn hn-fn- p-]-dbp p "\n-s Rm³ sh-«n-\p-dp- pw. ]-I-Xo-cm-sX jm-pn `m-cy jm-zn-sbbpw {]- ho-wn-t\bpw _-Ôp- -fp-ss ap- n-en-«v aà-±n p. C-\n C-hn-sS Ip-t]m-I-cp-sX- v B-Ú-bpw. {]-howp-sam- v _-Ôp- Ä tim-«-b-t -bv- v a-s n. cw-kw ap v: P-\h-cn H- n-\v ]-Åp-cp- n k-täj-\v ap- nâ ]mà- v sn-bv-xn-cp- jm-pn-bp-ss Xp-¼p- Â _-Ên-\pÄ-h-i-am-Wv cwkw. _-knâ I-bdn-b {]-ho

128 Ìocntbm A-gn- p p. tnm-zyw-snbv-x Po-h-\ m-tcm-sv C-Xv F-tâ-bm-sW- a- dp-]sn. X-s Hän-b A-Pn-sb sh-dp-sx hn-sn-sã- v `o-j-wn-bpw. cw-kw \mev: ap-¼v ]-d-ª A-tX-Øew. ka-bw ssh-ip-t cw. {]-ho-wn-sâ `oj-wn A-Pn-sb _-kn-se Po-h-\- mà [-cn- n- p p. Cu hnh-cw jm-pn- v ssi-am-dp- p. Ah-s\ X-IÀ- p-sa- v jm-pn-bp-ss {]-Jym-]\w. cw-kw A v: h-eym-sv t]m-f- n-d-bv-  sim p-tam-sâ ]p-c-bnsw. Znh-kw P-\-h-cn 23 cm-hn-se 11 awn. jm-pn-bp-ss _-kn-se a-säm-cp Po-h-\- m-c\m-b {]n³-kn-sâ hn-hm-l- n-s\ n-b jm-pn A-ta-cn- -bn-te-bv- v t]m-ip- _-Ôp sim ptam\pw Ip-Spw-_hpw F- m-wv a-s- p- -sx- v a-\-ên-em- p p. sim-e-]mx- Iw \-S- n-bmâ a-d-hp-sn- m³ ]än-b Ø-ew Dtm F- v cw-k-\n-co- Ww. Xp-SÀ- v I-eym-W- n-\v jm-pn-bpw {]-howpw c-v k-ab- v snãp p. kp-lr- p- - tfm-sm-bn C-cp-h-cp-tSbpw Ip- p-hm- piä. cwkw Bdv: Ø-ew ]-Åp-cn- n-bn-se cl-ky k-t Xw. Ip-{]-kn-²-Kp-m- -e-h³ {]n-b\pw jm-pn-bp-am-bn cl-ky NÀ-. {]Xn-tbm-Kn-sb h-i-h-cp- m³ jm-pn- v {]n-b³ k-lm-bw hm-kv-zm-\w sn- p p. Iq-«m-fn-I-tfbpw th-w-sa- nâ \Â-Imsa- v {]nb³. A-Sp- -Xm-bn {]-ho-wn-s\ F -s\ Ø-e-s - n- p-sa- v B- temn-\. ]n- o-sv Xo-cp-am-\- m-s\- pd- v NÀ- A-h-km-\n- n- p p. cw-kw Ggv: ^n-{_h-cn B-Zy-hmcw. jm-pn- v H-cp AÚmX t^m k-tµiw. jm-pn-bp-ss `m-cy jm-zn-bp-ss t]-cn-ep-å \m-ev _-Êp-IÄ {]-ho-wn-\v \Â-Ip -Xv kw-_-ôn- v jm-znbpw {]-howpw F-d-Wm-Ip-fw BÀ.Sn.H Hm-^o-kn F- n-sb- m-bn-cp- p k-tµiw. C-tXm-sS jm-pn-bp-ss D-Ån F-cn-ªp-In-S- n-cp- {]-Xn- Im-c- n-sâ I-\ B-fn- - m³ Xp-S n. {]-ho ]n-w- n-b-xn-\v ti-jw \n-g-em-bn IqSn-b _n-\p-hn-s\ jm-pn hn-fn- p p. {]-ho-wn-s\ F- v amà- - n-eq-ssbpw X-sâ A-Sp- -se- n- -W-sa- v \nà-t±iw.

129 cw-kw F«v: ^n-{_-h-cn 15þ\v ap- v a-wn- v G-äp-am-\qÀ Su. ap³-[m-c-w-b-\p-kcn- v ss_- p-am-bn G-äp-am-\q-cn-se n-b _n-\p-hp-am-bn {]-ho tim-«-b-t -bv- v. tam-l³-em-en-sâ B-cm-[-I\m-b {]-hown-t\msv D-Z-b-\m-Wv Xmcw' F- kn\n-a Im-Wm-sa- v bm-{xm-at²y _n-\p A-`n-{]m-b-s -Sp p. cw-kw H-¼Xv: B-µv Xn-t -ä-dnâ sk- âv tjm- n-ss ]-ex-h-w X-\n- v o-wsa- v _n-\phn-t\m-sv {]-ho. kn-\n-a I-p-I-gn-ªv \-K-c- nâ- -s -bp-å _mdn-te-bv- v ss_- nâ {]-howpw _n-\phpw F- p p. c-p-t]cpw a-zy-]n- p p. cm{xn 12.20þ\v \-K-c- nâ-\n- v {]-ho-wpw _n-\p-hpw- ss_- nâ G-äp-am-\q-cn-tebv- v a-s- p p. bm-{xm-at²y _n-\p sam-ss_-enâ ]p-d-s -«-Xm-bn BÀt m k- tµ-iw \Â-Ip p. kw-{im- n I-gn-ª-t mä C-hÀ k- -cn- ss_- n-\v ]p-d-inâ H-cp ]- am-cp-xn hm³. G-äp-am-\qÀ- v t]m-ti--xn-\v ]I-cw sa-un- Â tim-tf-pv `m-k-t -bv- v Xncn-ª-t mä {]-ho-wn-\v kw-ibw. H-cm-sf Im-Wm-\p-v F- a-dp-]sn. cw-kw ] v: cm-{xn 12.30þ\v sa-un- Â tim-tf-pn-\v k-ao-]w sn-½-\w-]sn. _n-\phpw {]-howpw k- -cn- n-cp- ss_- n-\v ap- nâ I-b-än am-cp-xn hm³ \ndp n. hm-\nâ-\n- n-d n-b jm-pnbpw {]n-b\pw _-e-am-bn {]-ho-wn-s\ hm-\nâ I-b-äp p. hm³ sa-un- Â tim-tf-pv `m-k-t -bv- v. cm-{xn 12.40þ\v Km-Ôn-\- KÀ kv-iqä Hm-^v sa-un- Â k-b³-kn-\v ap³h-iw hm³ \nà- p p. {]-ho-wnsâ a-sn-bn-te-bv- v scp si-«v t\m-«v hn-xdn. Cu Xp-I-sIm-v \o apw-ss_-bv-t m asäm t]m-bv-s m-å-w-sa- v B-Ú. C-t mäx-s bm-{x-sb- p-dn- v kq-nn- n- v I-s -gp-xn-\â-i-w-sa- v jm-pn B-h-iy-s -Sp p. ]-d-ª-{]-im-cw I-s -gp- Xn- -gn-ª-t mä {]-ho-wn-sâ I-gp- nâ Np-än-bn-cp txmà- v ap-dp- m³ {]nb-t\m-sv jm-pn-bp-ss \nà-t±-iw. cw-kw ]-Xn-s\m v: ]p-eàs 1.10þ\v h-eym-sv t]m-f- n-d-bv- Â ]p-c-bnsw. hm\nâ-\n- n-d n-b {]-ho-wn-sâ ar-x-tz-lw hm-g-i-fp-ss a-d-hnâ \ne- v In-

130 S n. ]n- o-sv sim-sp-hmä D-]-tbm-Kn- v {]-ho-wn-sâ I-gp- v jm-pn to-zn p. I- gp- v ap-dn- m³ ap- v {]m-hiyw sh-t«-n-h- p. C-Xp-I-gn-ªv jm-pn-bp-ss I- nâ-\n- v sim-sp-hmä-hm- n ar-x-tz-l- n-sâ a-äv A-h-b-h- Ä {]n-b³ ap-dn- p-am-än... 24. \S Ir-Xy- n-sâ XpS- w ap-xâ H-Sp- w h-sc cw-km-h-x-c-w-t m-ss Nn-{Xo-In-cn- n-cn- p-i-bmwv Cu hmà- bnâ. kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-ep-å B-Jym-\-co- Xn- v an-i- D-Zm-l-c-W-amWv CXv. `À- m-hn-s\ sim-e-bv- v sim-sp -Xv \-h-h-[p-hn-sâ Ip-dn- -Sn 7 F- hmà- bpw kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-e-[n-jvtn-x-amwv 25. aq- mà: `m-cybpw Im-ap-I\pw tnà- v A-\- -cma-s\ sim-e-s -Sp- nb-xv Ir-Xyam-b ]-²-Xn-b-\p-k-cn v. G-gp-Znh-kw ap¼v \-S- I-eym-W- n-\v ti-jw a- [p-hn-[p-hn-\m-bn ti-c-f- n-te-bv- v h-cm-sa- v A-\- -c-m-a\pw `m-cy hn-zybpw Xocp-am-\n- p...'. Cu Xo-cp-am-\- nâ-\n- m-wv hmà- m-jym-\- n-sâ Xp-S w. 'aq- mdnâ hn-p-\am-b ku-icyw H- p-tnà- -t mä B-\µpw A³-]p-cmPpw IrXyw \nà-h-ln- p-ibpw sn-bvxp. aq- m-dnâ sh- v sim-e-]mx-iw \-S- m³ km-[n- n-sã- nâ Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-c- v sh- v sn- m-\m-bn-cp- p ]²-Xn'. Cu ]-²- Xn-bn-te-bv- v hmà- -bv- v {]-th-in-t -n-h- nã. A-Xn-\v ap-t¼ IrXyw ]qà- nbm- m-\mbn. C-hn-sS sh- m-wv hmà- A-h-km-\n- p- Xv. H-cp kw-`-h- n-sâ hmà- -bnâ-\n- p]-cn {]-Xn-sb A-d-Ìv-sN- p-t¼mä Np-cp-fgn-bp- \n-ch-[n I-cy- -fp-am-bn _-Ô-s -«m-wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-ep-å B- Jym-\- n-sâ \n-e-\nâ v. t]m-eo-kn-sâ tnm-zyw-sn- -enâ sh-fn-hm-ip- kw-`h-]-c-¼-c-i-fm-wv C-Xn-\v B-[m-c-am-bn h-cp- Xv. {]-am-zam-b ti-kp-i-fnâ tims- Xn hn-[n- p-ti-jw {]-Xn-sb i- n- mâ kw-`-hm-jym-\- n-\v {]-k-àn-bp-m-ipw. A-t mgpw kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnâ -s hmà- m-jym-\w \nà-æln- m-dpv. kw-`h-s A-tX-co-Xn-bn -s `m-jm-hy-h-lm-c-am- n-am-äp-i-bm-wv

131 kw-`-h-l-s-\-bnâ sn- p- Xv. F- mâ Im-bn-Im-Jym-\-km-[y-X-IÄ D-]-tbm-Kn- v hy-xykv-x B-Jym-\ k-t -X- -fn-eq-ss H-cp kw-`h-s A-h-X-cn- n- m-\p-å {i-a-am-wv hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\-bn-eq-ss \nà-h-ln- p Xv. {]-Xn B-cm-sW- v I-s- p-ibpw Ir-Xy-s - p-dn- p-å hn-i-z-hn-h-c- Ä tnm-zyw-sn- -enâ-\n- v sh-fn-hm-ip-ibpw sn- p-t¼m-gm-wv kw-`-h-l-s-\-bn-ep-å B-Jym-\- n-\v {]k-àn hà-[n- p- -Xv. F- mâ A-Xp-h-sc- L-«w-L-«-am-bp-m-Ip- sh-fn-s -Sp- -ep-i-fp-ss hmà- -I-fn hy-h-lm-c-l-s-\-bn-eq-ss-bm-wv kw`hw hn-h-cn- m³ {i-an- p- Xv. Npcp-f-gn-bm-\p-Å \n-ch-[n kw-`-h- -fn-te-bv- p-å Nq-p-]-e-I-I-fm-Wv C -cw hmà- IÄ. \-S- kw-`-h- n-sâbpw Xp-SÀ- på t]m-eo-kv A-t\z-j- W- n-sâbpw D-Å-d-I-fn-te-bv- mwv Cu hmà- -IÄ Np-cp-f-gn-ªv t\m- p- - Xv. {]-ho-wn-sâ X-e I-s n: jm-pn A-d-ÌnÂ'þF- -hmà- D-Zm-l-c-W-amWv. sim n: Un.ssh.F-kv.]n BÀ. jm-pn {]-Xnbmb sim-e-t -knâ DÄs -«G-äp-am-\qÀ ta-h- m-sv {]-ho-wn-sâ X-e C -se D- -bv- v t\-hâ t_-knse t\-hâ-jn- v dn- -b-dnw-mv bmà-un-sâ I-c-bn I-s- n. jm-pn-tbbpw k-lmbnbm-b G-äp-am-\qÀ kz-tz-in _n-\p-hn-t\bpw t]m-eo-kv A-d-kv-äv-sN-bv-Xp 26. sim-e-s -S n-b ti-jw {]-ho-wn-sâ i-co-c-`m-k- Ä ]-e-bn-s pw D-t]- n- p-i-bm-bn-cp- p. A-Xn X-e e-`n- -txm-ss-bm-wv {]-ho B-Wv a-cn- -sx- p-å i-àam-b sx-fn-hv e-`n- Xv. {]-ho-wn-s\ sim-e-s -Sp- n-b-xp-am-bn _-Ôs -«v \n-ch-[n hmà- -IÄ h- -Xn-sâ Xp-SÀ- -bmwv Cu hmà- -bpw. Un.ssh.F-kv.]n BÀ. jm-pn-sb A-d-Ìv snbv-x Imcyw Cu hmà- n-bnâ- s -bm-wv \Â-In-bn-«p-ÅXv. F- mâ X-e-I-s- n-sb- -Xm-Wv hmà- -bp-ss Xp-S- - nâ sim-sp- -Xv. Cu sim-e-]m-x-i-t -kp-am-bn _-Ô-s -«pm-b a-ä hmà- -IÄ pw hy-hlm-c-l-s-\-bn-epm-b B-Jym-\-kz-`m-hw I-s- mw. A- m-e- n-d n-b H-cp kn-\n-a-

132 bp-ss X-\n-bm-hÀ- -\-am-wv {]-ho h-[-t -sk- v A-h-X-cn- n- p-i-bm-wv te- JI³. {]-ho h-[w: tìm- v h-b-e³-kv F- Nn-{X- n-sâ X-\n-bm-hÀ- -\w F- -Xm-Wv hmà- -bp-ss X-e-s -«v. sim n: A-t[m-tem-Ihpw \n-b-a-]m-e-icpw H- p-tnà- v ]-Whpw s] pw kz- -am- m³ \-S- p- hn-{in-b-ifpw Ip-Sn- -Ibpw Nn-{Xo-I-cn- tìm- v h-b-e³kv' kn-\n-a-bp-ss C-Xn-hr- -hp-am-bn {]-ho h-[-t -kn-\v km-aytasd. Un.ssh.F-kv.]n jm-pn-sb-t m-ep-å H-cp I-Ym-]m{Xw Nn-{X- n-ep-v...' 27 C- -s\-bm-wv hmà- Xp-S- p- Xv. aq- m-dnâ-\n- v hn-fn- Hmt«m ss{u-hà A³-]-gI-sâ sam-ss_â h-gn sim-e-]m-x-i- n-\v -Wn- kw`-hw ti-{µo-i-cn-s -gpxn-b sim-e-]m-x-i- n-\v -Ww ss{u-h-dp-ss sam-ss_-enâ' 28 hy-hlm-cl-s-\-bn-ep-å B-Jym-\-kz-`m-ham-Wv {]-I-Sn- n- p- Xv. aq- mà: A-\- -cma-s\ sim-e-s -Sp n-b `mcymim-ap-i\pw Iq-«p-Im-c\pw hn-zym-e- v-an-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s «-Xv aq- m-dnâ-\n- v hn-fn- Hm-t«m-ss{U-hÀ A³-]-gI-sâ _n.f-kv.f³.fâ I-W- -\på sam-ss_â hgn. B-\-µn-sâ F-bÀ-sS sam-ss_-en-\v ap- m-dnâ td- v CÃm- -Xv ap-e-am-wv A³-]-gI-sâ sam-ss_â I-Sw F-Sp-t -n-h- Xv. ]-Xn-s\-«n-\v 11.06\v Cu sam-ss_-en-te-bv- v C³ Ip--f te-bv v' F- sa-tk-pv F n. Ip--f Um-an t_m-«n-mn-\v ti-jw B-\-µn-sâ Im-ap-In hn-zym-e- v-an 9444794181 \-¼-dpÅ sam-ss_-enâ-\n- v A-b- -Xm-WnXv. sim-e-]m-x-i- n-\p-å -W-am-bn-cp- p C-Xv...' sim-e-]m-x-i- n-\v ap-¼v IrXyw \-S- p- -Xn-\v -Wn- p- n-s- p-\n- v Xp-S- p- hmà- m-jym-\- n-sâ Xp-S- -am-wnxv. ti-kv sx-fn-ª-xn-\v ti-j-wam-wv Cu hmà- F-gp-Xp- Xv. A³-]-gI-sâ sam-ss_-enâ Un-eo-äv sn- m-sx kq- n- sa-tk-pp-iä

133 t]m-eo-kn-\v hn-e-s -«sx-fn-hm-ip-ibpw sn-bv-xp'. Cu hm-n-i-t m-ss-bm-wv hmà- A-h-km-\n- p- Xv. hy-hlm-c L-S-\-bn e-`n- hmà- m-jym-\- n-\v a-säm-cp an-i- D-Zm-l-c- W-amWv F-sâ AÑ-s\ B-cm C- -s\ sn-bv-xxv?' F- hmà- 11. cm-hn-se kv- Iq-fn-te-bv- v H-cp- n-hn-«a-ñ³ Po-h-\-äv In-S- p- Imgv-N Im-Wm³ a-iä B- kv-]-{xn-bn-se- p-t¼m-gp-m-ip- cw-k- -fmwv Cu hmà- m-jym-\- n-\v B-[mcw. N- -\m-tècn: F.Fkv.sF Fw.kn G-en-bm-kn-sâ ac-ww A-hn-iz-k-\ob-am-bn-cp p; N- -\m-tè-cn ]-«-W- n-\v. s]-cp- F³.F-kv.F-kv sa-un-  anj³ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-se Câ³-ko-hv si-bà bq-wn-än-\p-ånâ 46 Im-c\m-b G-enbm-kv a-cn- p-in-s- p p. X-e-bv- p-]n- nâ hsn-sim--sn- -Xn-sâ I-dp- n-cp--]msv. B- kv-]-{xn-apä- v h³ P-\- q«w. C-Xn-\n-S-bn H-cp Po- v h- p-\n- p... kwlà-j- nâ simã-s -«Fw.kn G-en-bm-kn-sâ ap- -a-ifm-b H-¼- Xmw- m-kp-im-cn sj-dn³ AÑ-sâ tn-x-\-b-ä i-co-cw Im-Wm-s\- p- cw-k-am-wv Cu hmà- -bp-ss A-Sn-Øm\w. B-kv-]{Xn apä- v h³ P-\- q«w. C-Xn-\n-S-bn H-cp Po- v h- p-\n p. D-ÅnÂ-\n- v H-cp I-\ym-kv{Xn DÄ-s -ss Nn-e A-[ym-]-IÀ ]p-d- n-d n. A-hÀ- p-]n- nâ t]-sn- -c- H-¼-Xmw- m-kp-im-cn C-d- n-h- pþsj-dn³. Fw.kn G-en-bmkn-sâ a-iä...' s]-cp- F³.F-kv.F-kv sa-un-  an-j³ B-kv-]-{Xn-bp-sS Câ³-ko-hv si-bà bq-wn-än-\p-ånâ 46 Im-c-\m-b G-en-bm-kv a-cn- p-in-s- p- n-s- m-wv B- Jym-\- n-sâ Xp-S w. Xp-SÀ- v a-iä Im-Wm³ h-cp-t¼m-gp-m-ip- cw-k- -fm-wv A-h-X-cn- n- n-«p-åxv. F-sâ AÑ-s\ B-cm C -s\ sn-bvx-xv? A-ѳ a-cn p-t]m-tbm A-t½? cm-hn-se kv-iq-fnâ t]m-b-t mä Rm³ I--X-tà A-Ñs\' I-cªp-sIm-v A-Ñ-sâ X-e-]n-Sn- p-ip-ep- n-s m-v a-iä tnm-zn- p I-p-\n- -h-sc-t mepw I-c-bn- n- p-