Township of Ocean School District

Township of Ocean School District General Chemistry Curriculum 2010 Krista Carton and Debra Winter 1

MP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Lab Safety and Chemistry in Today's World Essential Measurements and Calculations in Chemistry Matter and Energy MP 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 Periodic Table, Atomic Structure, and Nuclear Chemistry Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends Chemical Formulas and Bonding 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 MP 3 Chemical Quantities Chemical Equations and Reactions Chemical Quantities in Reactions (Stoichiometry) MP 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 Structure of Solids and Liquids Gases Solutions Acids and Bases 2

Time Frame 2 weeks Topic Lab Safety and Chemistry in Today s World Essential Questions Why should students study chemistry and chemicals? What is the scientific method? What is the importance of laboratory safety? Enduring Understandings Students should study chemistry because it plays an integral part in all aspects of life. Having students learn the scientific method will help them to develop a theory using observations, hypotheses, and experiments. Students will demonstrate the basic safety rules that must be followed when working in the laboratory. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Define the term chemistry Identify substances as chemicals. Describe the activities that are part of the scientific method. Develop a learning plan for learning chemistry. List the basic safety rules that must be followed when working in the laboratory. Explain the reason for each laboratory safety rule. Describe the tools that will be used in the chemistry lab. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Lab Safety in the Chemistry Classroom Lab Safety Poster Activity Observation and Experiment (Introduction to the Scientific Method) Videos Accident at Jefferson High Lab Safety Simplified The World of Chemistry Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework 3

21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career Skills x Information Literacy x Media Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 4

Time Frame 4 weeks Topic Essential Measurements and Calculations in Chemistry Essential Questions What base units and prefixes are used in science for measuring length, mass, and volume? What are significant digits and how are they used in calculations? How are measurements converted into scientific notation? What are unit equalities and how are they used in solving dimensional analysis calculations? What information is needed to calculate both density and percent error? How are graphs used to distinguish between inversely and directly proportional relationships? Enduring Understandings Students should be able to identify the metric units of measurements for mass, length, and volume. Students should be able to determine which digits in measurements are significant in chemistry calculations. Students will demonstrate how to convert measurements into and out of scientific notation. Having students learn how to obtain conversion equalities will allow students to use dimensional analysis to solve various quantitative problems in chemistry. Students will demonstrate their understanding of calculating of both density and percent error. Students will use their knowledge of construction a scientific graph to explain and display experimental data. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Write the names and abbreviations for the metric or SI units used in measurements of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time. Describe how to write a number in scientific notation. Demonstrate how to use a scientific calculator. Identify a number as measured or exact; determine the number of significant figures in a measured number. Explain how to adjust calculated answers to give the correct number of significant digits. Demonstrate how to write a metric equality using metric base units and prefixes. Demonstrate how to write a conversion factor for two units that describe the same quantity. Explain how to use a conversion factor to change from one unit to another. Demonstrate how to calculate the density of a substance. Given density calculate either mass or volume of a substance. Demonstrate how to calculate percent error. Demonstrate how to construct a scientific graph. Identify both the independent and dependent variable. Interpret the trend on a graph based on the experimental data. 5

Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Introductory Laboratory Techniques The Metric System Graphing Laboratory Data Graphing and Dimensional Analysis Lab Rainbow Volumes Density of a Penny Bunsen Burner Inquiry Lab Videos The World of Chemistry - Measurements Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 6

Time Frame 4 weeks Topic Matter and Energy Essential Questions How is matter classified? How do elements, compounds, mixtures differ? Why can physical methods be used to separate mixtures, but not compounds? In what state of matter does water have a definite volume but not a definite shape? What are the chemical and physical properties of matter? How do the various temperature scales differ? What are the three basic forms of energy? How can energy be conserved? How can students determine the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions? What is a calorimeter and how does it determine heats of reactions? Enduring Understandings Students should be able to name and describe the four states of matter. Students will be able to compare and contrast the difference between a pure substance and a mixture. Learning the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures will allow students to describe several techniques to separate mixtures. Through studying matter, students will be able to compare their chemical and physical properties. By understanding the various temperature scales, students will be able to conduct various calculations. Students will demonstrate their understanding of the basic forms of energy and understand the process of energy transformation. Students will demonstrate the understanding of calorimetry. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Classify examples of matter as pure substances or mixtures. Identify the states and the physical and chemical properties of matter. Given a temperature, calculate a corresponding value on another temperature scale. Identify energy as either kinetic, potential, or radiant. Demonstrate how to convert between different units of energy. Describe the difference between endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions. Explain the relationship between the heat capacity and the specific heat of a substance. Explain how a calorimeter is used to determine the quantity of heat transferred in a chemical reaction. Use the energy values to calculate the kilocalories or kilojoules in food. 7

Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Measuring Energy in Popular Snack Foods Quantitative Observations of a Chemical Reaction Qualitative Observation of a Chemical Reaction Physical and Chemical Changes Lab Specific Heat of Glass Marbles Thermochemistry Lab Videos The World of Chemistry Driving Forces The World of Chemistry - A Matter of State Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 8

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Periodic Table, Atomic Structure, and Nuclear Chemistry Essential Questions Why should students study the periodic table of elements? How did scientists help to develop the modern periodic table? How can students identify between specific groups and periods? What is the periodic law? Who were the scientists and what was their contribution to the current model of the atom? What are the major components of an atom? How can you determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or ion? What is half-life of a radioactive element? Enduring Understandings Studying the periodic table is very useful for discovering, learning, and remembering the different properties of the elements. The contributions of the various scientists led to the current development of the periodic table. Students will demonstrate the understanding of the current atomic model by studying the past history of the atom. Learning the major components of the atom will lead students to the understanding of atomic number, mass number. ions, and isotopes. Students will demonstrate the understanding of nuclear chemistry. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Given the name of an element, write its correct symbol; from the symbol, write the correct name. Use the periodic table to identify the groups and the period of an element and decide whether it is a metal, metalloid, or a nonmetal. State the periodic law. Discuss contributions that scientists made to the periodic table. Explain why elements in a group have similar properties. Define the term atom. List the postulates of Dalton s atomic theory. Discuss how atomic structure is related to electricity. Discuss the contributions of various scientists that lead to the atomic structure. Name and describe the three subatomic particles of an atom. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom or ion. Define isotopes and atomic mass. Describe the changes that accompany nuclear reactions. Define radioactivity. 9

Demonstrate the calculation of half-life Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Beanium Conservation of Mass Pennium- Simulation of Nuclear Decay Nuclear Dropout Color the Periodic table activity Nuclear Decay Card Activity Videos Hewitt Nuclear Decay Discovery Elements of Chemistry Discovery Elements of Chemistry: The Periodic Table The World of Chemistry The Periodic Table The Periodic Table VTSC 633 History of the Atom The World of Chemistry The Atom Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 10

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends Essential Questions What is electromagnetic radiation? How does the atomic spectra correlate with energy levels of an atom? What are sublevels and orbitals in an atom? How can students draw orbital diagrams and write electron configurations of an element? How can students write electron configurations for an atom using the sublevel blocks on the periodic table? How can students use the electron configurations of elements to explain the periodic trends? Enduring Understandings By studying the electromagnetic spectrum, students will be able to compare the wavelength of radiation with its energy. By studying the electromagnetic spectrum students will understand that electrons can only absorb or emit a specific amount of energy. Students will demonstrate the understanding that an atom is composed of specific sublevels and orbitals. Students will demonstrate the understanding that sublevels fill in order of increasing energy.. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Describe a wave in terms of its frequency, wavelength, speed, and amplitude. Identify the major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Explain what is meant by a quantum of energy. Relate the energy of radiation to its frequency. Distinguish between a continuous spectrum and a line spectrum. State the main idea in Bohr s model of the atom Describe the sublevels and orbitals in atoms. Describe atomic orbitals in terms of their shape, size, and energy. Determine the electron configurations of several elements. Draw the orbital diagram for various elements of the periodic table. Define periodic trend. Identify the important periodic trends of the periodic table. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Flame Test Lab Drawing Atomic Diagrams Periodic Table Basics The Electromagnetic Spectrum Activity Predicting the Location of a 1s Electron 11

Determining Trends in a Group Understanding Electron Configurations Lab Electron Distribution Using Peas Videos The World of Chemistry - Color The World of Chemistry Signals from Within The World of Chemistry Periodic Table The World of Chemistry The Busy Electron Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 12

Time Frame 4 weeks Topic Chemical Formulas and Bonding Essential Questions What is the octet rule for both atoms and ions? What is an ionic compound? How do you name and write formulas for ionic compounds? What are polyatomic ions? How do you name and write formulas for covalent compounds? How do you identify and name both binary and ternary acids? Enduring Understandings Using the octet rule, students will write the symbols of single ions for the representative elements. Using charge balance, write the correct formula for an ionic compound. Given the formula of an ionic compound, write the correct name; given the name of an ionic compound, write the correct formula. Write the name and formula of a compound containing a polyatomic ion. Given the formula of a covalent compound, write its correct name; given the name of a covalent compound, write its formula. Students will demonstrate how to write both formulas and names for acids. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Using the octet rule, write the symbols for both atoms and the single ions for the representative elements. Describe the characteristics of an ionic bond. Write names and formulas for ionic compounds. Describe what a polyatomic ion is. Name and write formulas for various compounds containing polyatomic ions. Describe the characteristics of a covalent bond. Write names for molecular compounds using the prefix system. Explain how to identify a compound as either a binary or ternary acid. Describe how acids are named. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Formulas and Names Lab Formation of a Salt Lab Electronic Cereal Formula of Lead Iodide Conductivity of Molecular and Ionic Compounds Composition of a Hydrate 13

Videos The World of Chemistry - Chemical Bonds Discovery Compounds and Reactions Standard Deviants Atomic Bonding Streaming Facts on File Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 14

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Chemical Quantities Essential Questions What is a mole and describe its importance in chemistry? What is molar mass and why is it important in chemical calculations? How can you convert among the number of moles, the mass of a sample, the volume of a gas, and the number of particles? What is the percent composition of a substance and how is it calculated? What is the difference between an empirical formula and a molecular formula and how are they calculated? Enduring Understandings Students should be able to write the definition of a mole and explain its importance. Students will demonstrate how to calculate the molar mass of a given chemical formula. Using molar mass and Avogadro s number, students will be able to complete various conversions using dimensional analysis. Students will calculate the mass percentage of each element in a compound. Students will demonstrate both empirical and molecular formulas. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Define a mole and describe its importance. Identify and use Avogadro s number. Define molar mass and explain how it relates the mass of a substance to the number of particles in the substance. Convert among the number of particles, moles, and the mass of a substance. Describe molar volume and use it to solve problems. Find the percent composition of a given formula. Use percent composition to determine the formula of an unknown sample. Find empirical and molecular formulas. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Percent Composition of a Hydrate Atomic Coatings Cream of the Crop A Percent Composition Activity Candy Molecules Activity Percent Sugar in Bubble Gum Lab Molar Quantities Lab Determining the Gram Atomic Mass of an Element Determining an Empirical Formula 15

Videos Standard Deviants The Mole The World of Chemistry The Mole Streaming Facts on File Video Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 16

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Chemical Equations and Reactions Essential Questions What are chemical reactions and why do they occur? How can chemical reactions be represented? How does a balanced chemical equation demonstrate the law of conservation of matter? What are the four general types of chemical reactions? What characteristics identify each type of a chemical reaction? Enduring Understandings Students should be able to describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction. Students will be able to distinguish between the reactants and the products in a chemical equation. Having students learn how to properly write a chemical equation will allow them to balance chemical equations and illustrate the law of conservation of matter. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction. Distinguish between reactants and products. Explain how a chemical equation describes what happens in a chemical reaction. Write balanced chemical equations. Explain how a balanced chemical equation demonstrates the law of conservation of matter. Identify a reaction as a synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Reactivity of Metals in Single Replacement Reactions Bags of Reactions Evidence of a Chemical Reaction Types of Chemical Reactions LAB AIDS #84 Identifications of Chemical Reactions Kit Classifying Chemical Reactions 11-3 Explore Feeling Left Out Inquiry Activity Valentines Lab Exploring Chemical Reactions Videos Bill Nye Chemical Reactions Discovery Elements of Chemistry Compounds and Reactions The World of Chemistry - Molecules in Action Streaming Facts on File Video 17

Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 18

Time Frame 4 weeks Topic Chemical Quantities in Reactions (Stoichiometry) Essential Questions What is stoichiometry? How are molar relationships represented in a balanced chemical equation? What are the main types of stoichiometry problems? What determines the amount of products formed in a chemical reaction? How is the percent yield of a chemical reaction determined? What is the significant of the enthalpy change of a reaction? Enduring Understandings By studying stoichiometry, students will be able to calculate various quantitative calculations in chemistry. Students will demonstrate how to obtain mole ratios from a correctly written and balanced equation. Students should able to identify the various types of stoichiometry problems which will allow them to use dimensional analysis to complete calculations. Students will demonstrate basic understanding of identifying a limiting reactant when given the quantities of two reactants. Students will be able to determine the percent yield of a reaction, given the actual quantity of the product. By studying heat of reactions, students will apply heat stoichiometry to determine in a reaction is endothermic or exothermic. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Define stoichiometry and define its importance. Relate stoichiometry to balance chemical equations. Identify and solve different types of stoichiometry problems. Determine the limiting reactant of a chemical reaction. Determine the theoretical yield of a chemical reaction. Calculate the amount of product formed in a chemical reaction. Distinguish between endothermic and exothermic reactions. Explain what is meant by enthalpy and enthalpy change. Explain the significance of the sign of the sign of the enthalpy change for a reaction. Perform calculations using heat stoichiometry. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Determining the Percent Yield in a Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry Using Copper Zinc Thickness in Galvanized Iron 19

Moles, Ratio, and Stoichiometry Lab Mole and Mass Relationships Discovering Instant Cold Packs Thermochemistry Lab Measuring Energy Changes Heat of Fusion Videos The World of Chemistry - Driving Forces Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 20

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Structure of Solids and Liquids Essential Questions How do you calculate the total number of valence electrons to obtain a draw a Lewis structure? What is the VSEPR theory? What are some common shapes of molecules? What factors determine both the electronegativity and polarity of a molecule? What are the three types of intermolecular forces of attraction? What is involved in a change of state? What information is provided by heating curves and phase diagrams? Enduring Understandings Students will be able to draw various Lewis structures by mastering the concept of electron dot formulas. Students will predict the three dimensional structure of a molecule or polyatomic ion and classify it as either polar or nonpolar. Students will describe the attractive forces between ions, polar covalent molecules, and nonpolar covalent molecules. By describing the changes of state between solids, liquids, and gases; students will calculate the energy changes involved. Students will be able to interpret a heating or cooling curve. Students will identify the features of a phase diagram. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Draw Lewis structures for covalent compounds or polyatomic ions. Draw Lewis structures for compounds and ions with multiple bonds and show resonance structures. Describe the VSEPR theory. Explain what determines the polarity of a molecule. Explain why water is a polar molecule. Describe the attractive forces between ion, polar covalent molecules, and nonpolar covalent molecules. Define viscosity and surface tension. Describe the changes of state between solids, liquids, and gases. Relate changes of state to changes in energy. Compare the different states of matter in terms of potential and kinetic energy. Describe the major events that occur along a heating curve. Interpret a phase diagram. 21

Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Determining the Heat of Fusion of Ice How Many Drops Can You Pile on a Penny Changes of State Water Olympics Phase Diagram Lab Play-Doh Lab (Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry) Molecule Model Kits Plotting a Cooling Curve Videos Standard Deviants Molecular Geometry The World of Chemistry - Molecular Architecture The World of Chemistry - Water Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Art Technology Integration Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector 22

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Gases Essential Questions What is the kinetic molecular theory of gases? What are some distinctive properties of gases? What are the four gas variables and how are they expressed? How is gas pressure measured? How do the gas laws relate the variables pressure, volume, moles, and temperature? What is the ideal gas equation and how is it applied? What is a real gas? How is gas density related to molar mass and temperature? How is Avogadro s law used to describe the relationship between the amount of a gas and its volume? How do you calculate the total pressure given the partial pressures in a gas mixture? Enduring Understandings Students will study the kinetic molecular theory of gases in order to describe the properties of gases. Students will demonstrate understanding of the physical properties of gases. Having students learn the units of measurements used for pressure, will allow them to convert from one unit to another. Students will demonstrate understanding of the gas laws. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Describe the kinetic molecular theory and explain how it accounts for observed gas behavior. Describe the nature of gases. Explain what gas pressure means and describe how it is measured. Describe the units of measurement used for pressure, and change from one unit to another. State the gas laws. Using the various gas law relationships, quantitatively solve for an unknown gas variable. Use Avogadro s law to describe the relationship between the amount of a gas and its volume, and use this relationship in calculations. Discuss the significance of the ideal gas equation. Compare ideal and real gases. Use the ideal gas law to solve for P, V, T, or n of a gas when given three of the four values in the ideal gas law. Calculate density, molar mass, or volume of a gas in a chemical reaction. Use partial pressures to calculate the total pressure of a mixture of gases. 23

Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Charles Law : The Effect of Temperature on Volume Lab Molar Volume a Gas Lab Bell Jar and Vacuum Pump Lab Boyle s Law by the Book Lab The Ideal Gas Constant Lab Carbon Dioxide Gas From Antacid Table Lab Analyzing the Pop In Popcorn Videos Hewitt Gases Standard Deviants - Gases The World of Chemistry - A Matter of State Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 24

Time Frame 3 weeks Topic Solutions Essential Questions What is a solution? What properties are used to describe a solution? How is the concentration of a solution described? How does a saturated solution differ from a supersaturated solution? What is solubility? What factors affect the rate of dissolving? How do you interpret a solubility curve? What is an electrolyte and nonelectrolytes? What are colligative properties? Enduring Understandings Students should study solution because they play an important role in our daily lives. Students will be able to classify solutions by recognizing their properties. Students will show understanding of concentrations of solutions. Students will calculate both the molarity and molality of solutions. Having students understand solution concentration will allow them to understand the concept of saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated solutions. Having students study solution formation will allow them to develop understanding in the concept of like dissolves like. Students will be able to interpret a solubility curve. Students will be able to identify solutes as electrolytes or nonelectrolytes. Students will be able to describe how particles of a solution affect the freezing point and boiling point of a solution. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Describe the properties of solution. Identify the different types of solutions. Define solute and solvent. Measure the concentration of solutions in terms of molarity, molality, and mole fraction. Differentiate among saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. Explain how solutions form. Define solubility and describe the factors that affect solubility. Describe the factors that affect the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent. Interpret a solubility curve. Identify solutes as electrolytes or nonelectrolytes. Explain the meaning of a colligative property of a solution Explain the meaning of boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. 25

Using the formulas for boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, students will calculate the new boiling point a freezing point of a solution. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Preparing Solutions Rate of Solution of CuSO 4 5H 2 O Lab Solubility of a Salt Lab Making an Alloy Lab Freezing Point Depression of Various Solutes Lab Ice Cream Lab Videos The World of Chemistry - Water Standard Deviants - Solutions Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career x Information x Media Literacy Skills Literacy Math Writing History Interdisciplinary Connections Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 26

Time Frame 1 week Topic Acids and Bases Essential Questions What is the importance of knowing the difference between acids and bases? What is the Bronsted Lowry definition of acids and bases? What are some common properties of acids and bases? What is the ph scale? Enduring Understandings Students should study acids and bases because they are important substances in health, industry, and the environment. Students will describe a name Arrhenius, Bronsted- Lowry, and organic acids and bases. Students will be able to identify both acids and bases. Looking at a ph scale, students will be able to classify solutions as acidic, neutral, or basic. Alignment to NJCCCS 5.1.12.D.1, 5.1.12.D.2, 5.1.12.D.3, 5.2.12.A.1, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.A.3, 5.2.12.A.4, 5.2.12.A.5 5.2.12.A.6, 5.2.12.B.1, 5.2.12.B.2, 5.2.12.B.3, 5.2.12.C.1, 5.2.12.C.2, 5.2.12.D.2, 5.2.12.A.2, 5.2.12.D.3, 5.2.12.D.4, 5.2.12.D.5 Key Concepts and Skills Compare the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases. Describe the similarities and differences in physical and chemical properties of acids and bases. Identify conjugate acid-base pairs for Bronsted Lowy acids and bases. Describe the ph scale. Describe the nature of a solution based on the ph scale. Learning Activities Experiments / Activities Comparing Acids and Bases Lab Titrating an Acid or a Base Lab Hydrolysis of Salts Labs Videos Discovery Elements of Chemistry: Acids and Bases The World of Chemistry - The Proton in Chemistry Assessments Bell Work Lab Reports Lab Quizzes Quizzes Tests Projects Inquiry Based Activities Homework Class discussion/ group work 27

21 st Century Skills x Creativity x Critical Thinking x Communication x Collaboration x Life & Career Skills x Information Literacy x Media Literacy Interdisciplinary Connections Math Writing History Computer Based Graphing Wireless Computer Lab Elmo Projector Overhead Projector Technology Integration 28