Year 4 Geography Revision Pack Summer 2018 Name

Year 4 Geography Revision Pack Summer 2018 Name

Welcome to your geography revision pack for the upcoming Summer exams. Everything that we have been working on in lessons since Christmas will be covered in this revision guide. We suggest that you have a look at the list below and start revising the areas with which you feel least confident. Remember to revise little and often this often works best. Remain positive and show off your amazing geography knowledge! Natural Hazards - Volcanos Natural Hazards - Earthquakes Natural Hazards - Tsunamis Natural Hazards - Drought Natural Hazards - Flooding Weather & Climate Continents & Oceans

Natural Hazards These are natural events such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, drought and volcanoes. These cause great damage and can even lead to loss of life. Tectonic plates The Earth s crust is made up of large moving pieces of rock that fit together, much like a jig-saw puzzle. There are called Tectonic Plates. Many of the natural hazards that we have studied are caused by movement between these plates. Plate Boundaries There are 3 different types of plate boundary (where they meet): A = Constructive Plate Boundary this is where two plates move apart. B = Destructive Plate Boundary this is where two plates collide. C = Conservative Plate Boundary this is where two plates slide past each other.

Volcanoes This is usually a mountain where molten rock and gas erupts through a gap in the Earth s crust. Magma = Liquid rock INSIDE a volcano. Lava = Liquid rock flowing OUTSIDE a volcano. CASE STUDY Mount St Helens Where: NW USA When: 1980 Why : Tectonic plate movement (between 2 of them) Damages: 63 people killed (most through poisonous gases). Hot ash destroyed forest. Tourism affected.

Earthquakes A sudden shaking of the ground caused by movement at the plate boundaries. This can cause great damage to buildings and can lead to loss of life especially in heavily-populated places. Directly above the Focus. This is where the earthquake waves are felt most strongly. Where the energy is released below the surface. CASE STUDY Kobe Where: JAPAN When: 1995 Why : Tectonic plate movement (between 3 of them) Damages: 6,000 approx. killed. 35,000 people injured. Buildings damaged /destroyed. 316,000 made homeless.

Tsunamis A large and destructive sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcano out at sea. This can travel extremely fast towards land and can cause a lot of damage. Houses, cars and even people can be washed out to sea. 1. Earthquake pushes the water upwards. 2. The wave is formed and travels towards land. 3. When it hits shallow water it begins to get taller. 4. It hits land with great speed and height Causing destruction. CASE STUDY Boxing Day SE Asian Tsunami Where: SE Asia When: Boxing Day 2004 Why : Caused by Earthquake Effects : 250,000 people killed. 13 countries effected. 2 million made homeless.

Drought This natural hazard is caused by a severe lack of rainfall. It can last for months or even years. No rainfall means: Not enough water to drink Crops and animals (like cows) die as a result. People do not have enough to eat. Illness can spread easily. A lot of people tragically die due to thirst, hunger and/or illness. CASE STUDY The Horn of Africa Drought Where: Horn of Africa Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya & Djibouti When: 2010-2012 Why : Lack of rainfall due to climate change. Effects: Between 50,000 260,000 deaths. No water, no food, animals dying. Illness spreading.

Flooding Flooding is the opposite to drought. It happens when there is too much rainfall. When there is too much rainfall, the rivers burst their banks. It can also lead to the ground becoming saturated. This means that the ground cannot hold anymore more water. NATURAL CAUSES HUMAN CAUSES Heavy rainfall Steep valleys Saturated ground Snow melting The rock not allowing water to soak in (impermeable). A dam breaking. Deforestation (cutting down of trees). Too much tarmac in built-up areas. CASE STUDY Boscastle Where: SW ENGLAND When: 2004 Why : Lots of previous rainfall. Effects: Cars and buildings washed out to sea. Lives put in danger.

Weather & Climate Weather is the every day changes in the atmosphere leading to various weather types such as: Sun Clouds Fog Snow Hail Climate on the other hand is what an area is like over a long period of time. This includes : Desert (dry and hot) Tropical (hot and wet) Polar (cold) We can measure how much rain falls in a day or hour using a Rain Gauge A wind sock is used to measure the direction of the wind.

7 Continents: 1.Europe 2.North America 3. South America 4. Africa 5.Asia 6. Oceania 7. Antarctica 5 Major Oceans: 1.Atlantic 2.Pacific 3. Indian 4. Antarctic 5. Arctic Continents & Oceans