OCEANOGRAPHY 2013-2014 DATE: NAME: PERIOD: History of Oceanography (Chapter 2) OCEANOGRAPHY FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1. What is a chronometer and how is it relevant to oceanography? Who invented it and when? 2. What contributions did the Chinese make to sailing? 3. In the northern hemisphere, how are the following determined? Latitude: Longitude: 4. Describe the purpose of the Challenger Expedition. 5. Define the four categories of oceanography: Physical - Geological - Chemical - Biological - 6. Who is considered the father of physical oceanography? Life in the Ocean (Chapter 5) 7. Label the life style group, and provide a definition, for each of the following organisms. Life Style Group: Life Style Group: Life Style Group: Definition: Definition: Definition:
8. Label the ocean zones on the diagram and write one sentence explaining each. Photic Zone: Aphotic Zone: Abyssal Zone: 9. What is taxonomy? 10. What are some ways taxonomy is useful? 11. Who created the current classification system? 12. What groups are there in this system? 13. Make a pneumonic device to help you remember the order of this system from largest to smallest. K P C O F G S
14. Provide three examples of a scientific name for an organism. Format: Genus species 15. Kingdom Animalia: Circle the correct characteristic and define it in the space provided. Multicellular OR Unicellular Eukaryotic OR Prokaryotic Heterotrophic OR Autotrophic Example of Organism: 16. Kingdom Plantae: Circle the correct characteristic and define it in the space provided. Multicellular OR Unicellular Eukaryotic OR Prokaryotic Heterotrophic OR Autotrophic Example of Organism: 17. Kingdom Archaea: Circle the correct characteristic and define it in the space provided. Multicellular OR Unicellular Eukaryotic OR Prokaryotic Heterotrophic OR Autotrophic Example of Organism: Extremophiles 18. Kingdom Eubacteria: Circle the correct characteristic and define it in the space provided. Multicellular OR Unicellular Eukaryotic OR Prokaryotic Heterotrophic OR Autotrophic Example of Organism: 19. Kingdom Protista: Circle the correct characteristic and define it in the space provided. Multicellular OR Unicellular Eukaryotic OR Prokaryotic Heterotrophic OR Autotrophic Example of Organism: Algae
20. Use the dichotomous key below to identify each of the fish #1-9 pictured.
21. What is phylogeny and how is it different from taxonomy? 22. What is it called when an organism is able to produce light? How is it able to do this? 23. What are phytoplankton and how to they generate energy? 24. How does echolocation function as communication for whales and dolphins? 25. What is a cephalopod? Latin roots: cephalo- -pod 26. What type of organism is a sea sponge? Why are they sometimes called the filter of the sea? 27. What organisms belong to the class Bivalvia? What characteristics do they share? 28. What organisms belong to the grouping Crustacea? What characteristics do they share? 29. What is an echinoderm? Why type of body symmetry do these animals have? Sketch an example:
30. Sharks belong to what phylum? What type of life style group do they belong to? 31. What are the skeletons of sharks and stingrays like? 32. Describe a shark s liver. What function does it serve? 33. Some sharks are active hunters and some are filter feeders. What are their diets? Typical, Active Hunting Shark (Great White Shark) Diet (Prey): Large, Peaceful Shark (Whale Shark) Diet (Prey): 34. What commercial value do shark fins have? 35. Why are sharks at risk for being extinct? 36. How are sharks different from bony fish?
The Nature of Water (Chapter 8) 37. Label the chart below. 38. Draw an H2O molecule, and label the elemental symbols and charges for each particle. 39. What is a polar molecule? 40. What type of bonds hold water molecules together? 41. What are the five key properties of water? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
42. What factors will affect the way sound moves through seawater? 43. What is salinity? In what unitis salinity measured: What is the average salinity of the ocean: 44. Where does the salt in the ocean originate from? 45. Draw a basic ph scale. What does this diagram show? 46. What is neutral ph? 47. What ph level is optimal for living things? 48. Define density. How is it calculated? 49. Why is water considered the universal solvent?
Ocean Waves and Currents (Chapter 11 and 12) 50. Why is the Earth unevenly heated by the Sun? 51. What are convection currents? 52. Winds both in what path from regions of different atmospheric pressure? 53. What is the Coriolis Effect and why is it important? 54. What is the elemental composition of Earth s atmosphere? What is the most abundant element in the atmosphere: 55. What role did trade winds and surface currents have on the age of exploration? 56. Label the world ocean gyres on the map below.
57. What causes surface currents to form? 58. What is thermohaline circulation and what does it cause? 59. What is upwelling and how is it beneficial to ocean life? 60. What is downwelling and how is it beneficial to ocean life? Sediments (Chapter 14) 61. What are the four types of sediment origins? >>> >>> >>> >>> 62. How are sediments also classified by grain-size? 63. What does a Hjulstrom Diagram depict? 64. What happens to sediment if a fast moving stream slows down?
The Dynamic Coast (Chapter 15) 65. How does a delta form? What shape is a typical delta? 66. What types of coasts would be classified as primary coasts? 67. What is the difference between an active coast and a passive coast? 68. What is a fault coast? 69. Label the coastal features on the map below: -Spit -Tombolo -Barrier Island