TCM in Vienna, 6-10 December, 2004 Geological Disposal Program of High Level Radioactive Waste in China Ju Wang 王驹 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Tianwan Qinshan3 Qinshan1,2 Lin ao Daya Bay Nuclear power plants in China at present, 27 more reactors will be build before 2020
Spent Fuel Accumulation By 2010 1,000 MTU By 2015 2,000 MTU After 2020 1,000 MTU/year based on that the installed nuclear power capacity in China will be 20,000 MW in 2010 32,000 40,000 Mwe in 2020 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Basic Policy for HighLevel Radioactive Waste in China spent fuel should be reprocessed waste form: vitrified waste, CANDU SF deep geological disposal host rock: granite repository: shaft--tunnel-silo, located in saturated zone 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
October 1, 2003 The Law of Prevention of Radioactive Pollution of PRC enter into force: the high level radioactive waste should disposed in deep geological repositories 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Management of HLW China Atomic Energy Authority Regulators: China Environment Protection Administration (CEPA) China National Nuclear Corporation is responsible for high level radioactive waste management, including final disposal 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
China Environment Protection Admin. China Atomic Energy Authority China National Nuclear Corporation(CNNC)
Coordination Expert Group for High Level Waste Disposal in China ( 高放废物地质处置专家协调组 ) responsible for R&D program, strategy, and coordination 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Institutes Involved in HLW Disposal Research Leading Institute: Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG) China Institute of Atomic Energy China Institute for Radiation Protection Beijing Institute of Nuclear Engineering other institutes and Universities 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Strategy for repository development 3-step strategy SITE URL Site selection and site characterization both for repository and URL Site-specific URL at the potential HLW repository site REPOSITORY final repository constructed based on URL 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Strategy for URL development Principles: the URL will be a site-specific URL, served for: methodological study site characterization and used as a prototype of future repository 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Siting and site Eval. URL Reposi -tory Long term plan for HLW disposal 2000-10 2010-2020 2020-30 2030-40 Complete block selection/ surface mapping and bore hole drilling Complete pre-feasibility study Site comfirmation/ complete site characterization Complete feasi-bility study/begin to construct and test Conceptual design In situ test and demonstrati on disposal Detailed design and constructio n Complete construc-ti on in 2040 R & D V V V V
Surface facility Shaft fault Bore holes Evaluation of water-conducting faults in a site-specific URL at Beishan
Major Activities of HLW Program Siting and Site characterization since 1986 Backfill material study: Bentonite from Inner Mongolia migration behavior of radionuclide Performance assessment natural analogue study 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Major Activities: Site selection and site characterization Pre-selected regions for China s HLW repository NW China: Beishan Inner Mongolia SW China E China S China
Major Activities: Site selection and site characterization Location of the Beishan site, Gansu, China
Beishan site 北山场址 in Gansu ( 甘肃 )province, NW China the most potential area for China s repository gobi desert area low population density low precipitation : 60--80 mm/a high evaporation: 2900-3200 mm/a no economical prospect no important mineral resources convenient transportation stable crust, no earthquakes favouable hydrogeological conditions host rock: granite and diorite 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Beishan site 北山场址 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Potential blocks in Beishan area Jiujing block (granodiorite) 旧井 Xiangyangshan block (diorite) 向阳山 Yemaquan block (diorite) 野马泉 Qianhongquan block(granite) 前红泉 Yinmachang-beishan block(granite) 饮马场北山 Xianshuijing block (diorite) 咸水井 Baiyuantoushan-Heishantou block (granite) 白圆头山 - 黑山头 Xinchang block (granite) 新场 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Major Activities 2000--2004 surface geological, hydrogeological and geophysical surver at Jiujing block and Yemaquan block (1:50,000 scale) bore hole drilling for BS01, 02, 03, 04 in situ tests in bore holes evaluation of deep geological environment and site suitability 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
北 旧井 Jiujing.. 山 旧井 野马泉 yemaquan 向阳山 xiangyangshan 3 granite blocks in Beishan: focus in 2000--2005
1-Metamorphic rock, 2-Jiujing unit, 3-Bantan unit, 4-Jiazijing unit, 5-Shimenkan unit, 6-Quaternary system Geological map of Jiujing Block
Geological Map of Yemaquan Block
BS03 BS01 BS04 BS02 北 山 Yemaquan Jiujing Xiangyangshan 4 bore hole completed
Yemaquan: satellite image 1:5000
Bore hole BS01 02 03 04 号孔钻孔现场 1 2 3 4
Bore hole drilling BS01 (2000.07.08--10.20) Vertical hole Depth 703.08 米 Diameter(start) 146 mm Diameter(end) 95 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
来自北山的第一块岩心,2000/07/08,18:39 The first core sample from BS01
北山一号孔岩心中的垂直裂隙 :27.37m
Major activities of hydrogeology surface investigation pumping test injection test in situ water analysis application of tracers hydrogeological logging water sampling 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Dynamics of deep groundwater low water outflow 弱含水性 low permeability 低渗透性 low velocity 低流速性 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Chemistry of deep groundwater High salinity 高矿化性, slight-alkaline 偏碱性, reducing 还原状态 which is not favorable for the transportation of radionuclide 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Hydrogeologic Characterization Conceptual model of the groundwater flow Active zone Stagnant water REPOSITORY
Major geophysical activities 1 electromagentic EH4 profiling 2 high-resolution magnetic survey 3 Magenetotelluric survey 4 bore hole geophysical logging: dipole, resistivity, potential, temperature, gamma etc. 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Major bore hole survey Bore hole optical camera Bore hole acoustic televiewer Bore hole water quality survey Bore hole radar survey Bore hole geostress measurement Vertical seismic profile 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
bore hole televiewer survey 钻孔电视测量
Basic principle - reflection (borehole radar) Bore hole radar survey 钻孔雷达测量
Image of bore hole radar system, BS01, 80--170m
bore hole water quality logging in BS01 BS 01 孔综合水质测量曲线图Salinity P T Conductivity Dissolved Oxygen ph Eh
Bore hole logging of BS01
Major Activities: Engineered barrier study Location of Gaomiaozi Bentonite Deposit-- the potential supplier for backfill material 张家口
Major Activities: Engineered barrier study Outcrop of Gaomiaozi bentonite
Mechanical characteristics of Gaomiaozi bentonite 8 7 6 1.6GMZ-1 1.8GMZ-1 1.6Kunigel V1 1.8Kunigel V1 5 4 3 2 1 0 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Water content (%) GMZ-1: 2 times of Kunigel V1(1.6g/cm3); 50% higher than Kunigel V1 (1.8g/cm3); The trend of change for GMZ-1 is a little different from that of Kunigel V1. There is a peak point of GMZ-1 curve for both densities.
Hydraulic property of Gaomiaozi bentonite 10-18 kunigel V1 GMZ 10-19 10-20 10-21 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Effective clay density [g/cm 3 ] The intrinsic permeability: GMZ-1 > Kunigel V1. higher content of Namontmorrillonite in Kunigel V1. Due to a little difference of experimental condition (i.e. pressure of compressed air), it is possible that data obtained to some extent didn t reveal the fact of difference.
3.1 Thermal property Thermal property of Gaomiaozi bentonite Thermal conductivity Vs water content 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 Kunigel V1: 1.4 Kg/m 3 Kunigel V1: 1.6 Kg/m 3 Kunigel V1: 1.8 Kg/m 3 GMZ-1: 1.4 Kg/m 3 GMZ-1: 1.6 Kg/m 3 GMZ-1: 1.8 Kg/m 3 0 10 20 30 40 water content(%) Thermal conductivity : no significant difference
Major Activities: radionuclide migration study 图 3-3 岩片扩散实验装置 Diffusion experiment in granite
Major Activities: radionuclide migration study Radionuclide migration in granite fracture 图 3-7 脉冲实验装置
Major Activities: radionuclide migration study Concentration distribution of Cs-134 along fracture and matrix 图 4-7 核素 134 Cs 在扩散区域的浓度分布 ( 等值线图和曲面图 )
Major Activities: natural analog study Location of bronze relics as natural analog
Major Activities: natural analog study Bronze wares of Baoji site
Major Activities: natural analog study Wine cup (Wuhan site)
Corrosion of bronze 1 - 疏松亚层 ;2 - Cu 氧化物亚层 ; 3 - Cu 碳酸盐亚层
International cooperation IAEA Technical exchange with Korea, Japan, USA, France, Sweden, Canada, Switzerland, Germany, Finland 核工业北京地质研究院,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
Experts from Canada, Korea, France, Switzerland and USA visited Beishan site on June 3, 2002
Experts from Canada, Korea, France, Switzerland and USA visited Dunhuang ( 敦煌 ) on June 2, 2002
IAEA workshop on HLW disposal, May 27--June 4, Beijing, China
Sun rising in Beishan Weclcome to Beishan 北山日出 work a better future for our next generations