Review: Geologic Time & Geologic Procesess-: You will record 1-38 answers on the scan sheet! These are worth 1.5 points each Use your EARTH HISTORY CHART Part I. Matching All of the statements match to one of the Eras of time A. Pre Cambrian B. Paleozoic C. Mesozoic D. Cenozoic 1) First bacteria first evidence of life 2) First amphibians 3) first mammals 4) Dinosaurs dominated the earth 5) Mammals dominated the earth 6) Appalachian Mountains formed 7) Supercontinent of Pangaea 8) Humans 9) Age of Fish 10) Dinosaurs become extinct Part II Vocabulary Fill in the Blank using the word bank: A. Carbon film B. Mold/Cast C. Trace Fossil D. PreservedRemains E. Mold 11) Sometimes the of an animal have been found preserved in tree resin or amber. When this has occurred it is usually an insect that has been preserved over time due to its hard exoskeleton. 12) As time passes, layers of sediment are laid on top of the animal remains. Heat and pressure force all gases and liquids from the body. A thin remains forming a silhouette or outline of the organism. 14) are when preserved animal tracks, burrows. or trails of animals have been found. The habitats &/or tracks can tell a paleontologist how the animal lived, what it ate, whether it was predator or prey. 15) When plants, seashells, teeth, bones,...leave an impression in mud or clay and then sediment covers the impression. The hard structure may eventually decay but the impression remains. This is called a. 16) When the impression, a, fills up with minerals, this is called a. Part III. Vocabulary Fill-in-the- Blank A. Coal & oil B. Index fossils C. Relative 1
D. Radioactive decay E. Absolute 17) remains that are abundant for only one period of time are called 18) large volumes of decaying plant matter undergo heat and pressure causing complete carbonization of the matter. This forms fossil fuels such as. 19) when the age of an organism or rock is estimated by comparing to another rock or fossil this is called the age. 20) When carbon dating or other radioactive isotopes are used to determine the age of a fossil or rock this is called age. 21) Isotopes decay at a certain rate called half-life. Determing the remaining number of radioactive isotopes in a rock or fossil, helps scientist determine the age. This is called. Part IV. Multiple Choice: 22) What kind of rock can push itself vertically from inside the earth through existing horizontal rock layers causing an intrusion? a) metamorphic b ) igneous C) organic sedimentary Use the diagram for next sequence of question: 23) The oldest fossils would be located in which rock layer: a) A b) B c) C 24) The youngest rock layer is: a) A b) D c) E 25) The fossils in layer B represent a environment because they show ammonites and trilobite fossils which are index fossils from the Cambrian period of the Paleozoic Era. a) marine b) desert c) prairie d) tundra Trilobite Ammonite 26) Rock layer D is younger than rock layer B. This is an example of dating of the rock layers. a) relative b) absolute 2
27) The fossils in layer E are than the fossils in layer B. A) older B) same age C) younger 28) The science of stratigraphy studies earth history by examining sedimentary rock layers. This would be an example of which type of dating: a) relative dating b) absolute dating c) half life 30) The law of superposition says the rocks always lie on the bottom: a) youngest b) middle aged c) oldest Part VI. Multiple Choice- Mapping, Satellites, & Earth Processes 31) Earthquakes occur along plate boundaries. In North America along the San Andreas fault, the Pacific plate is grinding along at a rate of 5 cm/yr past the North American plate. This is a boundary. a) divergent b) convergent c) transform fault d) transatlantic fault 32) A map shows the surface features of an area. The map shows elevation, relief, and slope so you can visualize the landforms. a) topography map b) relief map c) transportation map d) mercator map 33) lines are used to show all the areas that are at the same elevation. a) convex b) concave c) contour d) coninterval 34) use satellites to find latitude, longitude, and elevation. a) computer satellite system b) global positioning system c) digitizing satellite system d) landsat positioning system 35) The breaking down of rocks and other materials at the Earth s surface is called: a) erosion b) decomposition c) deposition d) weathering 36) A break where a rock layer shifts or moves is: a) fault b) extrusion c) intrusion d) evolution 37 When erosion occurs and new rock meets old rock layers it is called an: a) unconformity b) deposition c) deformation d) abrasion 38) A sudden fall of loose rock down the side of a mountain, cliff or hill is a: a) landslide b) mudslide c) mass weathering 3
Part VII: What do you know? ( need to record on notebook paper) 39) How the imprints (fossil and rock layers) left behind help us understand the geologic past of the earth? 40) How GPS and remote sensing can provide information about the changing earth? 41) Sodium 24 has a half life of 15 hours. Fill in the table below showing the decay of a 100 gram sample. Remember half life is the amount of time it takes for half of the parent element to decay: Grams Hours passed Sodium 24 100 0 hours grams 50 grams hours 30 hours grams 42)) Choose one form of erosion (wind, water, or glaciers) and explain how it can shape the land: (use correct geologic terms such as weathering, erosion, deposition, plucking, abrasion,... ) 43) In this unit, we talked a lot about change over time. Pick one thing we discussed (fossils, landforms, geologic history of biological &/or geologic events, plate action, flooding,.. ) and explain how IT has changed over time. Cite specific examples from notes, labs, or other activities: 44) The human species may be the first species to be able to predict the next mass extinction and prevent it. What does that statement mean? ( 6 points) 45) You can use your lab notebook on the test to explain how the height and slope of a river affect the rates of erosion and the depositional features that form along its path: Part VIII: Weathering and Erosion Matching 46) breakdown of rock materials of Earth s crust 47) when organisms grow on rocks and secrete acid which weathers the rock 48) landscape in which limestone near the surface is chemically weathered and sinkholes & caves appear 49) the breakdown of rocks at the surface from freezing and melting, plant roots, burrowing animals, friction,... 50) process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity move fragments of soil 51) for every particle of sediment that is moved by erosional forces it must be somewhere else 52) an example of a wind deposit 53) the movement of any sediment by the force of gravity 54) Deposited sediment from moving glaciers 55) type of erosion caused by runoff from rivers, streams 56) the polishing of rock fragments by the wind 57) a curved projection of land caused by deposition on an island 58) NC s coastline is lined with sandbars deposited millions of years ago called 59) Meandering rivers are sometimes sealed off to form 60) Moving glaciers pick up pieces of rock as the move and carve up the land underneath a) spit b) till c)abrasion d) erosion e) sand dune f)barrier islands g) physical weathering h) plucking i) deposited j) oxbow lakes k) chemical weathering l) Karst topography m) water n) weathering o) mass movment 4
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