Regents Earth Science Unit 1 Earth Dimensions

Regents Earth Science Unit 1 Earth Dimensions www. BarnesWeb.org 2014-15 edition Name:

Name: OBJECTIVES Correctly define: isolines, gradient, topographic map, contour interval, hachured lines, profile, latitude, longitude, hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, elevation, model EARTH S SPHERES Identify the three spheres of the Earth. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Calculate the contour interval on an unmarked map. Determine the elevation of every point on a topographic map. Determine the direction of flow of a river or stream on a topographic map. Accurately calculate the distance between two locations in miles or kilometers. Draw a profile between two points on a topographic map. GRADIENT Determine the gradient between two points on a topographic map. Calculate the temperature gradient between two points on an isotherm map. LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE Identify the means by which latitude and longitude were created and the science upon which they are based. Calculate the latitude and longitude of any point on the Earth s surface. Determine the latitude and longitude of all major cities in NY State based on the map in the Earth Science Reference Tables. Determine the latitude and longitude of all continents based on the map in the Earth Science Reference Tables. Determine the altitude of Polaris for any location in the Northern Hemisphere. Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 1

Atmosphere: Contour Interval: Contour Line: Elevation: Gradient: Hachured Lines: Hydrosphere: Latitude: Lithosphere: Longitude: Model: Profile: Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 2

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Date Todays Lesson was. Student Learning Objective SLO Evaluation Lesson Participation Score

Information regarding Earth s atmosphere can be found on page of the ESRTs Information regarding Earth s interior can be found on page of the ESRTs Information regarding Earth s hydrosphere can be found on page of the ESRTs QUESTIONS: 1. At a depth of 2500 kilometers, what is the inferred temperature and pressure? a. temperature: b. pressure: 2. By volume, what element makes up the greatest percentage of the Earth s lithosphere? 3. At a height of 50 miles above the Earth s surface, what is the temperature? 4. At a height of 50 kilometers above the Earth s surface, what is the temperature? 5. How many kilometers above the Earth s surface is the interface of the troposphere and stratosphere? Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 3

What is the purpose of a topographic map? What does it show? Who uses topographic maps? When might someone use a topographic map? Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 4

What is the contour interval of this map? What is the contour interval on this map? What is the elevation of points (a) and (b)? a: b. What is the maximum possible elevation of (c)? Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 5

What do hachured lines show? What are the rules concerning hachured lines? Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 6

What you must know: When a contour line crosses a river, stream or creek, the contour line forms a "V". The "V" always points upstream. If North is at the top of the page, what direction is Long Creek flowing? Can a river flow north? Name two ways that you can determine which way a river flows on a topographic map. What are the steps to draw a topographic profile? 1. 2. 3. 4. Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 7

Using the map and chart below, construct a topographic map profile. Please match the contour map on the left with the profile on the right. Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 8

What is the distance, in kilometers, from Kingston to Oswego? What is the distance, in miles, from Plattsburgh to Jamestown? The elevation of Albany is 282 feet. The elevation at Binghamton is 1634 feet. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a ft/mi. Show all work. The elevation of Watertown is 99m. The elevation at Oswego is 144m. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a m/km. Show all work. If the distance between the two circled cities is 425 km, calculate the gradient to the nearest hundredth.. Show all work including the appropriate units. Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 9

Latitude is measured and from the. Longitude is measured and from the. On the coordinate system below, plot the following sets of coordinates: A: {25 N, 100 W} B: {30 S, 100 E} C: {80 S, 65 W) D: {45 N, 105 E} State the coordinates for each of the letters in the figure above: E:, F:, G:, H:, 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 165 135 105 75 45 15 15 45 75 105 135 165 90 80 E 70 60 50 40 F 30 20 10 0 G 10 20 30 40 50 H 60 70 80 90 All locations in the United States have a (North, South) latitude and (East, West) longitude. Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 10

Based on the of LATITUDE = Polaris can only be seen in the Hemisphere! For each location below, determine the altitude of Polaris: Location 25 N, 100 W 30 S, 100 E 80 S, 65 W 45 N, 105 E Altitude of Polaris Based on Earth s. Each hour the Earth rotates How many time zones are there? Time zones are spaced apart. People on the same line of longitude have the same. Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two hours. How many degrees of longitude apart are they? Measuring Earth Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com 2009 2010 11

Name: Period: Working With Contour Maps Figure A Figure A shows an island. Figure B shows a contour map of this island. Answer the questions below by studying the contour map. 1. a) How long is this island? b) The long part runs (north and south, east or west) 2. a) How wide is this island? b) The wide part runs (north and south, east or west) 3. This island starts at sea level. How do you know? (Look only at the contour map.) 4. What is the contour interval of this map? 5. a) Which side of the island has the steepest slope (north, south, east, west) b) How do you know which side of the island is steepest? 6. a) Which side of the island has the gentlest slope? (north, south, east, west) b) How do you know which side of the island is gentlest? 7. How high is the peak of this island? 8. Compare the drawing of the island with the contour map. a) Which one gives more information? b) Which one is more accurate? c) Which one is more useful?

9. By compass direction a) the side of this landform has the steepest slope. b) the side of this landform has the gentlest slope. 10. The contour interval of this map is meters. 11. The lowest elevation shown is meters. 12. Which of these heights could be the exact elevation of the peak? a) 520 meters b) 420 meters c) 475 meters You can learn more from a contour map than just the shape and slope of the land. Contour maps also tell you something about streams, dips, or depressions, in the land.

STREAMS The head of a stream is the place where it starts. The place where it ends, in a lake or ocean, is called the mouth. Look at the figure below for the following questions. 13. What letter is at a) the head of the stream? b) the mouth of the stream? 14. Where contour lines cross a stream, they 15. a) Everyone knows that water flows (uphill, downhill) a b) In other words, water flow from a (higher, lower) elevation to (higher, lower) elevation. 16. At a stream, contour lines seem to form arrows. Each arrow points a) toward the (head, mouth) of the stream. b) (upstream, downstream) c) (toward, away from) the direction of flow.

Name: Red River Contours Period: 100 100 Ocean 1. What is the contour interval of this map? 2. Number all the contour lines. 3. What is the scale of miles of this map? 4. By means of the scale, measure the distance from the top of hill B to the top of hill A. 5. Which side of hill A has the steepest slope? 6. How can you tell whether a land form has steep or gentle slopes? 7. In what direction from hill A is hill B? 8. What is the elevation above sea level of hill A? 9. a) Which of the two hills is higher? b) How much higher? 10. If you climbed to the top of hill B from C, how many feet would you climb? 11. In what direction is the Red River flowing? 12. How does a contour map show the direction in which a river is flowing? 13. Shade the area on the map which would be under water if the sea level rose 40 feet. 16. Calculate the gradient of the Red River from point D to the ocean.

Name: Scale: 0[ 1 ]2 miles 80 50 48 43 75 99 120 68 50 100 75 150 100 87 109 120 191 151 B 125 150 120 89 149 192 170 222 136 200 131 67 88 200 254 148 210 150 241 310 275 273 100 100 351 340 280 325 359 215 231 187 271 A 343 281 210 300 310 350 200 262 290 341 E 325 90 238 364 251 153 150 230 200 140 253 C 111 75 100 132 140 218 200 107 89 120 167 83 150 75 117 141 60 F 103 120 100 67 58 48 D

1. Draw isolines with an interval of 50 feet. 2. Label each isoline with its value. 3. Measure the distance from B to D. 4. Calculate the gradient between points A and B. 5. Calculate the gradient between points C and D. 6. Calculate the gradient between points E and F. 7. Which gradient (AB, BC, EF) was the steepest (greatest value)? Answer in full sentences. 8. Look at the section of the map where the steepest gradient is located. What do the isolines do where the gradient is steep? Answer in full sentences. 9. Which gradient (AB, BC, EF) was the gentlest (lowest value)? Answer in full sentences. 10. Look at the section of the map where the gentlest gradient is located. What do the isolines do where the gradient is gentlest? Answer in full sentences. 6

Making A Topographic Profile I 30 A 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 B 110 100 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 7

Making A Topographic Profile II 40 30 A 60 50 50 70 60 70 80 B 110 100 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 8

Making A Topographic Profile III 10 20 30 A 20 B 30 40 50 60 110 100 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 9

Latitude Longitude Skills Latitude Longitude A is degrees of the equator. B is degrees of the equator. C is degrees of the equator. D is degrees of the equator. E is degrees of the equator. F is degrees of the equator. G is degrees. It is the. Circle an answer: A is ( north south ) of F. D is ( north south ) of F. E is ( north south ) of F. A is ( north south ) of C. B is ( north south ) of A. A 80º B 60º C 40º 20º G 0º 20º D 40º E 60º F 80º 90º 60º 30º 0º 30º 60º 90º A B C D E F G C is degrees of the Prime Meridian. B is degrees of the Prime Meridian. E is degrees of the Prime Meridian. F is degrees of the Prime Meridian. G is degrees of the Prime Meridian. A is degrees of the Prime Meridian. Circle an answer: A is ( east west ) of the Prime Meridian. B is ( east west ) of the Prime Meridian. E is ( east west ) of the Prime Meridian. F is ( east west ) of the Prime Meridian. G is ( east west ) of the Prime Meridian. 10

Latitude and Longitude 80º A 60º B C 40º 20º 90º 60º 30º 0º 30º 60º 90º 0º D 20º F 40º E 60º 80º A is degrees ( N S ) latitude. A is degrees ( E W ) longitude. B is degrees ( N S ) latitude. B is degrees ( E W ) longitude. C is degrees ( N S ) latitude. C is degrees ( E W ) longitude. D is degrees ( N S ) latitude. D is degrees ( E W ) longitude. E is degrees ( N S ) latitude. E is degrees ( E W ) longitude. F is degrees ( N S ) latitude. F is degrees ( E W ) longitude. 11

Latitude Longitude I Place a dot at each latitude and longitude location. Connect the dots as you go. Latitude 35 S 30 S 25 S 22 S 22 S 20 S 15 S 14 S 15 S 13 S 12 S 11 S 12 S 12 S 15 S 18 S 11 S Longitude 116 E 115 E 114 E 114 E 115 E 120 E 125 E 127 E 130 E 130 E 132 E 133 E 135 F 137 E 136 F 140 E 143 E Latitude 15 S 20 S 23 S 25 S 30 S 35 S 37 S 38 S 38 S 37 S 35 S 32 S 33 S 34 S 34 S 35 S 35 S Longitude 145 E 148 E 150 E 152 E 153 E 151 E 150 E 146 E 143 E 140 E 136 E 131 E 125 E 123 E 120 E 118 E 116 E 110 E 115 E 120 E 125 E 130 E 135 E 140 E 145 E 150 E 155 E 160 E Name: Period: 0 5 S 10 S 15 S 20 S 25 S 30 S 35 S 40 S 45 S 12

Latitude Longitude II Place a dot at each latitude and longitude location. Connect the dots as you go. Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude 6 N 8 W 33 N 30 E 8 N 12 W 32 N 32 E 12 N 18 W 14 N 40 E 16 N 18 W 12 N 42 E 19 N 17 W 10 N 44 E 25 N 15 W 12 N 61 E 30 N 10 W 5 S 39 E 34 N 8 W 11 S 41 E 36 N 7 W 15 S 41 E 35 N 6 W 20 S 33 E 35 N 3 W 25 S 35 E 36 N 0 30 S 31 E 38 N 10 E 34 S 26 E 34 N 10 E 35 S 20 E 33 N 15 E 18 S 12 E 31 N 20 E 12 S 13 E 33 N 21 E 10 S 14 E 34 N 22 E 3 S 9 E 32 N 29 E 5 N 9 E 6 N 8 W West Name: East Period: South North 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 13

Making A Contour Map I 42 45 50 51 49 48 48 47 46 44 44 47 51 55 51 49 48 48 48 45 46 49 55 57 56 50 49 49 50 45 47 50 56 62 60 54 50 53 54 50 48 55 60 65 63 57 54 58 57 53 50 57 64 67 67 60 58 62 60 55 52 58 67 73 73 65 60 63 60 55 53 60 69 78 80 70 65 68 60 55 54 60 70 79 85 72 72 74 64 54 55 61 69 79 90 75 80 75 66 55 55 60 67 77 80 75 80 75 65 55 53 60 67 73 75 72 75 70 65 55 52 57 65 68 68 68 69 69 61 54 50 56 62 64 63 61 60 64 60 54 48 51 58 57 59 50 48 54 56 53 45 47 52 53 51 49 46 49 51 51 43 45 48 46 49 46 44 45 49 48 Assume that the data was measured at the center of each number. Highlight all the data points with the same value in pencil. Connect the dots with a smooth curve. Contour Interval = 10m 14

Making A Contour Map II 11 13 12 11 13 14 12 15 13 11 13 15 13 12 14 16 22 20 16 12 15 17 20 18 15 25 32 28 21 15 17 16 22 31 36 39 40 33 27 20 18 18 20 37 41 43 40 40 30 22 26 25 25 37 38 30 32 42 34 26 31 31 31 27 24 26 27 40 39 27 25 19 18 15 19 25 30 41 39 28 17 17 17 18 21 29 33 41 38 27 14 15 17 20 30 35 36 43 35 26 13 17 20 32 40 41 43 40 31 22 12 15 25 36 42 42 40 33 25 18 12 16 24 35 38 35 28 26 18 15 11 14 20 26 30 27 21 19 16 14 11 13 15 19 21 20 17 14 13 11 Assume that the data was measured at the center of each number. Highlight all the data points with the same value in pencil. Connect the dots with a smooth curve. Contour Interval = 10m 15

Making A Contour Map III 61 62 63 64 64 65 66 68 67 67 68 68 65 66 64 62 62 64 67 67 69 70 71 72 72 72 70 68 67 65 62 62 67 69 72 74 76 78 78 78 78 76 73 70 66 64 65 70 74 77 80 81 82 84 84 84 82 80 72 67 65 68 73 77 82 86 88 89 90 90 89 87 82 75 68 66 72 78 82 87 90 93 95 96 96 95 91 83 76 69 67 74 81 85 89 93 98 100 102 103 99 90 81 74 68 66 76 82 88 92 98 105 109 110 100 92 84 78 72 67 68 77 82 89 96 103 110 112 107 93 84 78 74 70 66 69 78 82 89 91 91 94 97 100 85 75 70 68 67 66 70 77 83 82 81 82 85 90 91 74 69 68 67 66 65 70 78 79 78 74 76 80 84 88 75 68 67 66 65 64 69 73 71 68 67 70 73 80 83 83 76 70 67 66 65 68 70 68 67 66 68 68 73 79 81 80 75 71 69 67 66 68 67 66 65 67 66 67 68 69 70 71 71 70 68 Assume that the data was measured at the center of each number. Highlight all the data points with the same value in pencil. Connect the dots with a smooth curve. Contour Interval = 10m 16

Contour Interval: Maximum Possible Elevation: Gradient: C 350 300 A B 250 D Long Creek Contour interval = 10 meters 0 1 2 kilometers N Contour Interval: Maximum Possible Elevation: Direction of Stream Flow: Gradient from C to D:

Contour Interval: Possible Elevation of A: Profile of line XY:

Lake Fish Creek B R o c k M o u n t a i n 800 X 900 900 1500 C 1000 A Lake D Contour Interval: 900 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 miles N Highest Possible Elevation of X: Direction of Stream Flow: Gradient from C to D: Profile of line AB: Profile of line CD: A B C D

76 35'00" 42 10'00" Topographic Map 76 32'30" 42 10'00" B 1500 Cayuta Creek C A Contour Interval: 1000 1500 Elevation of A: X Y Do Streams flow to or away from Cayuta Creek? Gradient between Points X and Y: 1000 1500 Cayuta Creek 1000 1500 42 07'30" 76 35'00" Contour interval 100 feet 42 07'30" 76 32'30" 1 1/2 0 1/2 Profile of line XY: 1 mile Profile of line BC: B C X Y

1. Using the grid on the bottom left of this page, construct a profile along line AB. 2. On the map, draw in the 10, 20, and 30 foot contour lines. 3. Calculate the gradient between points X and Y. (Show work) 4. Calculate the gradient between points X and A. (Show work) 5. Calculate the gradient between points Y and B. (Show work) SAMMARTANO 2008

1. On the map, draw in the 50, 100, and 150 foot isolines. 2. Calculate the groundwater pollution gradient between points X and Y. (Show work) B Y 3. Around what object is the most intense groundwater pollution found? X 4. How many meters must you walk to get from location A on the dock to location B in the parking lot? A 5. Will the groundwater pollution travel more towards Lake Martin or more towards the Parking lot? Explain your answer. SAMMARTANO 2008

Lake Fish Creek B R o c k M o u n t a i n X 800 1. Using the grid on the bottom left of this page, construct a profile along line AB. 2. What direction is Fish Creek flowing? Give two explanations as to how you know this. 900 A 900 Lake 1500 C D 1000 3. Calculate the gradient between points C and D. (Show work) 900 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 miles N 1700 800 A B 4. What is the highest possible elevation of point X? 5. Describe which side of Rock mountain has the steepest slope and explain how you can tell this by looking at the map. SAMMARTANO 2008

1. Using the grid on the bottom left of this page, construct a profile along line DE. 2. Calculate the gradient between points B and C. (Show work) 3. What direction is Copper Creek flowing? 4. What is the elevation of point A? 5. What is the highest possible elevation of the island in the NW corner of the map? 6. What is a possible elevation of the source of Amethyst River? 7. Is Copper Creek flowing faster between points M and N or points K and L? Explain how you can tell. SAMMARTANO 2008

X C 1. Using the grid on the bottom left of this page, construct a profile along line AB. 350 2. Calculate the gradient between points C and D. (Show work) 300 A B 250 D Long Creek Contour interval = 10 meters 0 1 2 kilometers 310 A B N 3. What direction is Long Creek flowing? Explain how you can tell. 4. What is a possible elevation of point A? Explain how you can tell. 240 5. Which side of the creek has a steeper slope? How can you tell? SAMMARTANO 2008

1. Calculate the gradient between points B and C. (Show work) 2. What are the coordinates of point A? 3. What are the coordinates of point B? 4. What are the coordinates of point C? SAMMARTANO 2008

Howard G. Barnes howard.barnes@rcsk12.org Northeast College Prep www.northeastprep.org www.barnesweb.org