Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 8 Optmzaton Study on TSF Baed on Dynamc Modelng ombned wt Genetc Algortm for a Steel Mll Wang L-guo 1, L Lncun 1, Lv Lnln 1, Xu Dan-guo 1 1 Dept. of Electrcal and Electronc Engneerng, Harbn Inttute of Tecnology, Harbn, na Abtract onderng te terrble armonc polluton and rapd varable reactve power due to te furnace of 3kV bu, te TSF ( Tyrtor Swtced Flter)a been tuded n t paper. Due to uperor performance of TSF uc a g voltage, bg capacty and fat repone of compenatng reactve power, t wa appled to uppre armonc current and compenate reactve power of econdary de of man tranformer of a teel mll of Helongjang Provnce n na. An optmzaton metod of TSF tat combnng dynamc wt GA (Genetc Algortm) propoed n t paper. Te work condton of TSF were modeled and analyzed by Tevenn and Norton teorem, repectvely. onderng te perturbaton of mpedance and frequency of te 3kV power ytem, repone of fundamental current njected nto every flter of TSF wa analyzed baed on dynamc analyzng metod. Expreon of armonc current njected nto every flter of TSF were gven by caracter calculaton. Te reult of numercal analy and meaurng reult ow tat, by TSF te armonc current njected nto power ytem accord wt nee natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 and t power factor ncreaed to.9 from before.82. In fact, propoed metod can apply to uppre armonc and compenate reactve power of furnace of 3kV bu of te teel mle. Index Term Tyrtor Swtced Flter; dynamc modelng; parameter perturbaton; armonc current; reactve power; GA (Genetc Algortm) Manucrpt receved Jul. 2, 21; reved Aug. 9, 211 orrepondng Autor: wlg21@t.edu.cn Tel: +86-41-8641342, Fax: +86-41-8641342, Harbn Inttute of Tec. * Dept. of Electrcal and Electronc Engneerng, Harbn Inttute of Tecnology, na I. INTRODUTION omparng to Pave Power Flter (PPF), Tyrtor Swtced Flter (TSF) can compenate dynamc reactve power and prevent over compenaton. omparng to Statc Var ompenator (SV) [1-2] and Statc Var Generator (SVG) [3], TSF a te advantage of g voltage, fat compenatng dynamc reactve power, uppreng armonc and elmnatng voltage flcker effcently. omparng to Hybrd Actve Power Flter (HAPF) [4,], TSF a te advantage of lower cot and better work effect. Terefore, te reearc on TSF a great practcal value on olvng te problem of erou armonc polluton and dynamc compenaton of reactve power on electrcal dtrbuton network of g voltage. It alo a better effect on protectng power ytem and correpondng electrcal equpment [6,7]. Te bgget advantage of TSF to PPF tat te wtc of PPF wa ubttuted by tyrtor of TSF. In fact, TSF can wtc tunng flter by tyrtor mmedately and accurately accordng to requre of actual reactve power. onderng te reonance of te reactance of power ytem wt flter capactor of TSF due to te armonc current, electng a et of approprate parameter of TSF one of te man dffculte for degnng TSF. orrepondng to te bac codng rule Tyrtor Swtced apactor (TS) and PPF, TSF mut be taken nto conderaton of bot dffculte [8]. Among performance crteron of TSF uc a tablty, cot, voltage grade, flter effect, compenaton capacty, te tablty mut be frt condered due to te potental nfluence of reonance between TSF and nductance of te power ytem. Epecally te perturbaton of frequency and nductance of power ytem mut be condered n order to avod te reonance of TSF. In fact ere and parallel reonance between TSF and power ytem often decded 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 86 by parameter of TSF. Fg.1 gve a reonance poto of TSF wt power ytem of 69V. It ow tat te tyrtor and te capactor of TSF are all burned-out due to te reonance. Terefore, wen degn TSF, accurate parameter tat may be avod reonance and enure te afety and tablty of TSF mut be condered [9-1]. II. GENETI ALGORITHM Baed on GA tat wa propoed by profeor Holland of Mcgan tate unverty, mult-objectve optmzaton of parameter of TSF wa condered. It uperorty functon cont of ome term dcued a follow [11]. A. Flter effect and total armonc dtorton (THD) Te degn prncple of TSF to flter te armonc current tat feedback to te power ytem. By TSF te armonc current mut be lower tan nee natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93. THD of te current te frt optmzng crteron wen te mult objectve optmzaton metod appled to optmze te TSF. If fundamental current and every order of armonc current wa obtaned te THD may be expreed a follow Fg. 1. Reonance poto of TSF wt power ytem How to obtan optmzaton parameter of TSF baed on analyzng te performance, effect and cot te man tudy ntenton n t paper. A metod of optmzaton modelng TSF tat combnng dynamc analy wt GA [11] propoed, n order to uppre armonc current and compenate reactve power of te D furnace of a teel mll. Baed on modelng fundamental and armonc current between power ytem, D furnace and TSF, te equaton decrbed dynamc beavor of TSF a been derved. By te dynamc modelng TSF te nfluence of perturbaton of frequency and power ytem mpedance on TSF a been analyzed. Moreover, n order to avod reonance of TSF wt power ytem, parameter of TSF may be optmzed by GA baed on optmzaton crteron of tablty and cot. Baed on above dcung, a TSF tat cont of 3.t,.t, 7.t, 11.t, 13.t and g pa flter wc capacty 6.82MVar gven. Te practce meaurng data ow tat, te armonc current nject nto 3kV bu completely accord wt nee natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 and t power factor ncreaed to.9 from.82. Te actual meaured armonc current of te 3kV dtrbuton feeder verfe te feablty and valdty of propoed metod. 2 I 1 I 1 2 (1a) I. T 3,,7,11,13,23,2 T I T max (1b) Tere, varable T I denote te THD of tuded armonc current. Varable I 1 denote fundamental current. Varable I ( 3,,7,11,13,23,2) denote te armonc current tat wa nduced by te load of armonc ource uc a power rectfer of D furnace, nverter of te motor wt g capacty and etc. Varable T Im ax te tandard value of THD tat allowed by nee natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93. Accordng to optmzaton crteron of GA T I tat decrbe te dtorton degree of current mut be mnmzed. B. Power factor Q S2 1 2 S1 Qmn Pm n Qmax Pmax P Q Fg. 2. Vector analy of reactve power compenaton ompenatng fundamental reactve power an mportant functon of TSF tat ncludng everal ngle tunng flter and a g pang flter. By te power analyzer U9F te maxmal and mnmal reactve power of te nductve load of a power ytem may be obtaned, wc can be denoted by varable Q max and 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 87 Q mn repectvely. In fg.2 varable P max and P mn correpond to maxmal and mnmal actve power of nductve load tat atfy followng expreon tag1 Q max / Pmax (2a) tag 2 Q mn / Pmn (2b) Suppoe TSF cont of 3.t,.t, 7.t, 11.t, 13.t and g pa flter, accordng to mult objectve optmzaton metod of GA, followng expreon mut be atfed Q mn Q Q 3,,7,11,13, Q max (3) Tere varable Q denote te um of compenatng capacty of total flter tat one among t Q 3,,7,11,13,. Trouble may be denoted by varable of Eq.3 tat f above flter wa wtced accordng to reactve power only, te flter effect of TSF can t be condered. So flter capacty mut be regarded a a crteron of mult objectve optmzaton of GA. Suppoe tere are 3 rd, t, 7 t, 11 t, 13 t, 23 rd and 2 t armonc tat may be denoted by I 3, I, I 7, I 11, I 13, I 23 and I 2 repectvely, compenatng capacty of every flter may be decrbed a follow Q I / I / Q (4) 3,, 7, 11, 13, 23, 2 Baed on above dcung a optmzaton trategy of wtcng TSF wa gven wc ncludng followng two concluon, Frt, te flter wt maxmum compenatng capacty may be dvded nto everal group tat wt ame capacty n order to avod overcompenaton. Second, n order to ncreae flter capacty of every group, a capactor of TSF may be ntead of a group of two ere combned wt two parallel connecton of capactor. Fg.3 Pae dagram of meaured voltage and current Fg.3 te pae dagram of voltage and current tat meaured by power analyzer. Angle of power factor and degree of unbalancedne of tree pae may be analyzed by potve equence, negatve equence and zero equence voltage and current. Fg.3 ow tat, accordng to te mult objectve optmzaton metod of GA, te power factor of tuded power ytem mut be cloed to 1., at leat cloed to.9.. Te Lowet ot of TSF Te cot of TSF decded by te compenatng and flter capacty of TSF wc wa aocated wt clafcaton of voltage and capacty of capactor. Moreover, TSF may be decrbed by a topology cont of crcut breaker, tyrtor, fue, reactor and capactor and etc.. Except breaker, tyrtor and fue wc rated voltage and rated current were only calculated by above topology model, te capacty of every reactor and capactor wc parameter may be modfed mut be condered, n order to decreae te cot of TSF. Accordng to mult objectve optmzaton metod of GA, te cot of TSF wa gven by followng expreon F 3,,7,11, 13 ( P L P ) P R P L P () L Tere P R, P L and P denote te unt prce of te retor, reactor and capactor of TSF. ( 3,,7,11,13) and ( 3,,7,11,13) denote te reactor and capactor of t ngle tunng flter repectvely. R L L R, L and denote te retor, reactor and capactor of g pa flter of TSF. Varable F tat denote te total cot of TSF mut be mnmzed by above mult objectve optmzaton metod of GA. III. STUDY BAKGROUND OF D AR-FURNAE In order to uppre armonc current and compenate reactve power, a armonc current, power factor, total armonc dtorton and etc. of 3kV bu of a teel mll a been tuded. Te topology of dtrbuton power ytem own a Fg.4. Ratng capacty of man tranformer 1# 12.MVA. Te voltage of prmary de and econdary de 3kV and.24kv repectvely. Sort-crcut mpedance of man tranformer wc connecton type Y/ 6.67%. Tere n-pae nvere parallel rectfer wt rated current 6kA n order to elmnate t and 7 t armonc current nduced by tree Pae Invere Brdge. 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 88 power ytem about.82. 3kV T 1 24V A a 12kV A 6.67% d/2 d/2 D furnace d T 2 A 12kV A 6.67% a 22V T 3 A furnace 3 3 2 2 1 1 Trd armonc wtout TSF Fg. 4. Scematc dagram of electrc arc furnace Tere are two D electrc arc-furnace for roug workng and two A arc-furnace for precon workng n teel mll. Due to aymmetrc trggerng pule of nvere parallel rectfer tere are t, 7 t, 11 t, 13 t, 23 rd and 2 t armonc current n 3kV bu. onderng A arc-furnace wt kva te 3 rd armonc current mut be analyzed. A own n Fg.4 prmary de of tranformer T 1 and T 2 wa meaured by a Power Qualty Analyzer U9F. Every armonc current njected nto 3kV dtrbuton feeder wa own a Tab.1. Accordng to nee natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 and bae ort-crcut capacty of 3kV bu te armonc tandard value wa gven tat wa own by econd row of Tab.I. Fg.. 3 rd armonc nject nto power ytem wtout TSF 7 6 4 3 2 1 Fft armonc wtout TSF Fg. 6. t armonc nject nto power ytem wtout TSF 6 4 3 2 1 Sevent armonc wtout TSF Table I Harmonc current njected nto pae of 3kV dtrbuton feeder order n armonc 3 7 11 13 23 2 na tandard 18. 18. 13.2 8.4 7. 4.1 3.8 9% probablty 2.3 32. 36.6 2. 1.2 4. 3.9 Maxmum value 3 6 2 32 22 8.3 7.2 Fg. 7. 7 t armonc nject nto power ytem wtout TSF 3 3 2 2 1 1 Elevent armonc wtout TSF Te Tab.I and Fg. - Fg.1 ow tat, te 3 rd, t, 7 t, 11 t, 13 t, 23 rd and 2 t armonc current were greater tan natonal tandard of na. In partcular maxmum value of t and 7 t armonc current are epecally terrble. Moreover, tere are perodc armonc current tat were nduced by work perod of arc furnace. Fg.11 ow tat te current THD of power ytem greater tan 4% tat permtted by nee natonal tandard. Fg.12 ndcate tat te power factor of t Fg. 8. 11 t armonc nject nto power ytem wtout TSF Trteent armonc wtout TSF 2 2 1 1 Fg. 9. 13 t armonc nject nto power ytem wtout TSF 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
13:3:24 14:37:24 1:44:24 16:1:24 17:8:24 19::24 2:12:24 21:19:24 22:26:24 23:33:24 :4:24 1:47:24 2:4:24 4:1:24 :8:24 6:1:24 7:22:24 13:22:24 14:21:24 1:2:24 16:19:24 17:18:24 18:17:24 19:16:24 2:1:24 21:14:24 22:13:24 23:12:24 :11:24 1:1:24 2:9:24 3:8:24 4:7:24 :6:24 6::24 7:4:24 8:3:24 armonc current Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 89 6 4 meaured armonc current by Power Analyzer na natonaltandard value 9% probablty value maxmun value and g pa flter of TSF were gven alo accordng to actual meaured armonc current and power factor. Te topology of TSF wa own by Fg.13. 3 2 3kV I a 1 3 7 11 13 23 2 armonc order Fg. 1. Harmonc current comparng wt nee natonal tandard 2 2 1 1 THD 3 rd flter t flter f L 3 f 7 t flter L 3 11 t flter 13 t flter Hg pan g flter T 3 Fg. 13. Te topology of TSF f L 7 f L 7 11 f L 11 13 f T 1 T 2 A furnace f L 13 d f D furnace L d u R 3 R R 7 R 11 R 13 L 3 7 11 13 R L 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 Fg. 11. THD of current of power ytem before TSF power factor L 3 L 3 R 3 3 a) fundamental model L R 7 L 7 R 7 7 11 L 11 R 11 11 13 L 13 R 13 13 R b) armonc model Fg. 14. Propoed model of TSF L L I n Fg. 12. Power factor of power ytem before TSF Tere were wtcboard trppng, burn-out cable, computer and TV wa automatcally turned on, lgtng flang, fue of conumer lne blow out and etc n 3kV bu of te teel mle wc nduced by terrble armonc current. onderng te g voltage, terrble armonc current, rapd varyng reactve power and bg compenaton capacty, TSF appled to uppre armonc and compenate reactve power of D furnace of above teel mle. IV. DYNAMI MODELING OF TSF onderng te effect of n-pae nvere parallel rectfer wt aymmetrcal 12 pule trggerng gnal of D furnace, a TSF cont of t, 7 t, 11 t and 13 t ngle tunng flter were preented. Trd ngle tunng flter Wen degn te TSF, n order to obtan rated voltage and rated current of correpondng reactor and capactor of TSF wc were decded by fundamental current of power ytem and armonc current nduced by load, te fundamental model and armonc model of TSF were gven and analyzed by Tevenn and Norton teorem, repectvely. Fg.14 ow te fundamental and armonc model of TSF, repectvely. Tere L 3.92mH and Ld 1.89mH denote te fundamental equvalent nductor of power ytem and load, repectvely. Varable u denote te pae voltage of 3kV bu of teel mne. L ( 3,,7,11,13, ) and ( 3,,7,11,13, ) denote te reactor and capactor of TSF. In Fg.14 a), uppoe u k ( k 3,,7,11,13, ) and f k ( k 3,,7,11,13, ) denote voltage of capactor and te loop current of every ngle tunng flter and g pa flter. By analyzng loop crcut, followng dynamc 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 9 equaton were gven Tere u / ( k 3,,7,11,13, ) (6) ck kf k u R u L ( ) n nf cn nf nf ( n 3,,7,11,13) (7) L Ln [ u L u L ( )]/ L (8) f L c R / L )( ) (9) L ( f L u L ( )]/( L L ) (1) df f [ d d 3 f f 7 f 11f 13f f df (11) In Eq.6 Varable u denote pae voltage of 3kV bu of power ytem tat atfed followng expreon u 2(3/ 3) con(2 f t) (12) Tere f denote fundamental frequency of power ytem. In fg.14 b), k ( k 3,,7,11,13,, ) denote te armonc current njected nto t flter and power ytem repectvely. Defne followng varable z j2nfl (13) z j 2nf R j2nfl /( R j2nfl ) (14) z R Tere / j( 2 nfl 1/ 2nf ) ( 3,,7,11,13) (1) z, z and z denote reactance of power ytem, g pa flter and t ngle tunng flter repectvely. Varable n( n 1,2,3,,23, 2 ) denote te order of armonc current. Applyng ymbolc computaton, te armonc current njected nto power ytem expre a follow Z 3 // Z // Z 7 // Z11 // Z13 I n (16) Z Z // Z // Z // Z // Z 3 Te armonc njected nto t expreed a follow 7 11 Z // Z // Z // Z // Z 13 flter may be 3 11 13 I n (17) Z Z // Z3 // Z // Z11// Z13 Tere n 1,2,3,,23,2 I n denote every armonc current nduced by te load,.e. D furnace n t paper. Table II Parameter of a pae of TSF by clacal algortm Order armonc 3 7 11 13 R ( ) 3.8 1.86 2.11 3.39 4.91 8.43 L ( mh ) 267.4 74.7 9.76 6.16 73.2 2.7 μf. 6. 3.72 1.46.8.33 kvar/unt 19 98.1 97.4 9.3 111.23 18 Value/pae 6 8 2 1 1 Tab. II and Tab. III ow te parameter of TSF by clacal algortm and GA repectvely. omparng Tab.III wt Tab. II, obtaned parameter of TSF by mult objectve optmzaton of GA, epecally capactor, were tandardzaton product of na. It denote tat te cot of TSF may be evdently decreaed by GA. Order armonc Table III Parameter of a pae of TSF by GA 3 7 11 13 R ( ) 4.6 1.79 2.2 3.2.4 36.3 L ( mh ) 272.6 7.46 6.1 6.31 8.3 2.17 μf 4.8 6.36 3.82 1.27.76.2 kvar/unt 1 Value/pae 6 8 2 1 1 V. PERTURBATION ANALYSIS OF TSF In order to decreae te cot of reactor and capactor and avod overcompenatng, t grade of voltage and current of TSF mut be condered alo. Baed on above analy te nfluence of urge current, flcker of voltage or perturbaton of mpedance and frequency of power ytem to TSF are tuded n t paper. A own by Eq.6-Eq.12, te dfferental equaton tat decrbed dynamc beavor of TSF were derved accordng to KL (Krcoff urrent Law) and KVL (Krcoff Voltage Law). onderng perturbaton of fundamental frequency f and nductor of power ytem wtn ±1% and ±% repectvely, te nfluence of perturbaton to rated current of capactor of TSF were analyzed by dynamc numercal teratve metod. orrepondng calculaton reult are llutrated by Fg.1 to Fg.2. Fg.1a)-Fg.2a) ow te repone of fundamental current njected nto 3 rd, t, 7 t, 11 t L and 13 t ngle tunng and g pa flter wen te perturbaton of frequency of power ytem wtn (1±1%) Hz. It ndcate tat te urge current nduced by perturbaton of frequency evdently greater tan tatonary fundamental current. Fg.1b)-fg.2b) ow te repone of 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
fundamental current njected nto 11.t flter fundamental current njected nto.t flter fundamental current njected nto 7.t flter fundamental current njected nto 3.t flter fundamental current njected nto 7.t flter fundamental current njected nto 3.t flter fundamental current njected nto.t flter Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 91 fundamental current njected nto 3 rd, t, 7 t, 11 t and 13 t ngle tunng and g pa flter wen te perturbaton of nductor L of power ytem wtn (1±%) 3.93mH. It ndcate tat te urge current nduced by perturbaton of power ytem alo evdently greater tan tatonary fundamental current. 3 2 1-1 -2 analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy 8 6 4 analy of perturbaton of te frequency -3 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) b) Fg. 16. Analy of current njected nto.t flter 2-2 -4-6 -8 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9.1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) 1 a) analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy More detal data of current are llutrated by Tab.4. Maxmum fundamental current njected nto eac flter tat wa decrbed by Fg.1-fg.2 n condton of perturbaton of power ytem are own by boldface of Tab.4. It mut be condered wen degn te rated current of te capactor of TSF. analy of perturbaton of te frequency 1 - - -1 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) b) Fg.1 Analy of current njected nto 3.t flter -1 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9.1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) 1 a) analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy 1 analy of perturbaton of te frequency - -1 - -1 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9.1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) a) -1 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) b) Fg. 17. Analy of current njected nto 7.t flter 1 analy of perturbaton of te frequency 1 - -1-1 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9.1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) a) 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
fundamental current njected nto 13.t flter fundamental current njected nto 13.t flter fundamental current njected nto 11.t flter fundamental current njected nto reactor of.t flter fundamental current njected nto reactor of.t flter Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 92 1 1 analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy 3 analy of perturbaton of te frequency 2 1 - -1-1 -1-2 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) b) Fg. 18. Analy of current njected nto 11.t flter In fact, te rated current of a capactor decded by fundamental and armonc current njected nto te capactor. For example, accordng to Tab.1 and Tab.4 te current njected nto t followng expreon Tere, ngle tunng flter are atfy 2 2 87.83A (18a) max f max 78.98A (18b) f max 6A (18c) denote te maxmum f max and fundamental and armonc current njected nto t ngle tunng flter repectvely. 8 6 4 analy of perturbaton of te frequency -2-3 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9 a).1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) b) Fg. 2. Analy of current njected nto g pa flter Table IV urrent njected nto eac flter n condton of perturbaton of power ytem flter 4 2-2 -4 current analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy -6 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) fundamental urrent frequency f perturbaton L perturbaton 3.t 29.398 72.13 67.1.t 39.198 78.98 19.13 7.t 24.499 82.746 27.4 11.t 9.799 1.8 42.84 13.t 4.9 74.71 28.426 g pa 4.9 28.41 1.431 2-2 -4-6 49. 49.6 49.7 49.8 49.9.1.2.3.4. frequency of power ytem f (Hz) a) Above prncple of electng perturbaton current accord wt mult objectve optmzaton metod and tranent repone of TSF tat nduced by perturbaton of parameter of power ytem. Maxmum rated current njected nto eac flter of TSF are own by Tab. V. 1 analy of perturbaton of reactor of power ytemy Table V Maxmum rated current of eac flter of TSF flter current Fundamental f 3 rd t 7 t 11 t 13 t g pa 72.1 78.6 82.7 1.86 74.7 28.4 - Harmonc 3 6 2 32 22 1. -1 3 32 34 36 38 4 42 reactor of power ytem L (mh) b) Fg. 19. Analy of current njected nto 13.t flter 78.14 98.88 11.6 43.91 77.87 32.3 2 f max 2 Rated current 6.12 76.6 7.18 8.7 9.9 24.89 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 93 onderng te operatng current of a capactor uually 1.3 tme larger tan rated current, te rated current of a capactor of eac flter are own by fft row of Tab.. Te queton tat, rated current of t flter 39.198A wc 1.94 tme le tan maxmum current njected nto t flter. A topology of two group ncludng 16 capactor frt connected n parallel ten tey are connected n ere eac oter propoed. Above topology llutrated by Fg.21. Fg. 21. Topology of capactor of.t ngle tunng flter By fg.21 tat cont of 32 capactor wc capacty of every capactor 1kVar, te actual rated current of capactor of t decrbed by followng expreon 1kVar ngle tunng flter wa actual 39. 198 2 78. 396A 76. 6A (19) It ndcate tat propoed topology can bear maxmum current njected nto t ngle tunng flter. VI. FAULT ANALYSES OF TSF A unt of t ngle tunng flter cont of 4 capactor connected n parallel and ere own by Fg.22. Tere are total 8 ame unt n Fg.21. 1 2 1 fue1 1kVa U r 3 fue3 3 2 4 fue2 fue4 4 1 2 1 fue1 1kVa r U 3 fue3 3 2 4 fue2 fue4 a) work tate b) fault tate Fg. 22. Topology of a unt of.t flter 4 Suppoe I denote te total current njected nto t unt, n work tate t atfe followng expreon // 3 2 // 2/ 2 U / 2 1 2 3 4 U In Eq.2, 1 (2) 1 2 3 4 (21) In Eq.2 varable 1, 2, 3 and 4 denote te current njected nto capactor tat marked by 1, 2, 3 and 4 repectvely. Fg.22 b) llutrate te fault tate of capactor tat nduced by urge current, flcker of voltage or perturbaton of mpedance and frequency of power ytem. For example, f te capactor 1 burn-out, followng expreon wa atfed 2 // 4 2U / 3 U 3 (22a) U / 3 (22b) 3 2 4 2 4 omparng Eq.2 to Eq.22a ow tat current njected nto capactor 3 n fault tate 1.333 tmer greater tan tat one n work tate, t mut be condered wen degnng a TSF. Suppong te reonance pont of te t tunng flter n work tate n tat atfy n 1. 2 L 4.8 Tere L denote te reactor of.t flter. n 2 1. 2/3 L 3 n 2.94 (23) (24) It ndcate tat reonance pont of t tunng flter n fault tate 1.22 tme greater tan tat one n work tate. Eq.24 mple tat te 6 t armonc current wll nject nto te.t tunng flter wen te fault occur. 3++7+11+13+ -41-42 -43-44 -4 analy of perturbaton of nductance of power ytem ntablty area cao tablty area perod repone bfurcaton pont ntablty area cao -46 34 3.17 3.92 36.68 38 nductance of power ytem L (mh) Fg. 23. Analy of perturbaton of nductance of power ytem Fg.23 ndcate tat wen te perturbaton of nductance occur, te cao of vector um of current wll appear n condton of nductance 3 7 11 13 23 2 L 3.17mH or L 36.68mH. Epecally tere are bfurcaton at L 3.17mH or L 36.68mH. Tere perod repone of 3 7 11 13 23 2 wen 3.17mH L 36.68mH. Te bfurcaton and cao 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 armonc current 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 94 are te man reaon tat nfluence te tablty of repone of TSF. Te ntablty of TSF,.e. te reonance nduced by perturbaton of parameter of power ytem mut be avoded. Above dcung may gve a reference to degnng te parameter of TSF. VII. EFFET ANALYSIS OF TSF In order to predct te effect of TSF te caracter calculaton metod wa appled to modelng and mulatng te TSF. 6 4 na tandard actual current armonc current armonc current by TSF 3 3 2 2 1 1 7 6 4 3 2 1 Trd armonc wtout TSF Trd armonc wt TSF Fg. 2. 3.t armonc nject nto power ytem by TSF Fft armonc wtout TSF urge curren t Fft armonc wt TSF 3 2 1 3 7 11 13 23 2 armonc oeder n Fg. 24. Harmonc current njected nto power ytem Obtaned detal data wa own by Fg.24 were te ymbol denote te tandard value of armonc current accord wt natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 of na. Symbol o denote actual armonc current njected nto te power ytem, ymbol * denote armonc current by TSF. Fg.24 ndcate tat te armonc current njected nto power ytem by TSF wa evdently lower tan natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93. A a matter of fact, te effect of TSF may be nfluenced by te many complex element of power ytem uc a perturbaton of frequency and nductance, load varaton and etc.. Fg.2-Fg.29 llutrate te armonc current njected nto econd lne of 3kV bu by TSF wc data are meaured by U9F at one tme. Tere + and red lne denote te t armonc current njected nto power ytem by TSF and not repectvely. Fg. 26..t armonc nject nto power ytem by TSF It ndcate tat te 3 rd, t, 7 t, 11 t and 13 t armonc current njected nto econd lne of 3kV bu by TSF are evdently le tan tat one wen TSF wan t appled. An epecally condton were own by Fg.26 and Fg.27 tere were ome t or 7 t armonc current wan t elmnated. For example, between 19:3:24 and 19:3:24 of Fg.26, tere wa a peak value of t armonc current tat reaced to 32A wc overrated natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 of na. T problem for urge current tat nduced by wtcng dynamc flter of TSF may olved by takng an ulteror optmzng control tratagem of crong zero of voltage. 6 4 3 2 1 Sevent armonc wtout TSF Sevent armonc wt TSF urge curren t Fg. 27. 7.t armonc nject nto power ytem by TSF 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
13:22:24 14:21:24 1:2:24 16:19:24 17:18:24 18:17:24 19:16:24 2:1:24 21:14:24 22:13:24 23:12:24 :11:24 1:1:24 2:9:24 3:8:24 4:7:24 :6:24 6::24 7:4:24 8:3:24 1 14:23:24 1:23:24 16:23:24 1 19:23:24 2:23:24 21:23:24 2 :23:24 1:23:24 2:23:24 4:23:24 :23:24 6:23:24 7:23:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 14:3:24 14:3:24 19:3:24 19:3:24 2:43:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 :3:24 Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 9 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 Elevent armonc wtout TSF Elevent armonc wt TSF Fg. 28. 11.t armonc nject nto power ytem by TSF Trteent armonc wtout TSF Trteent armonc wt TSF Fg. 29. 13.t armonc nject nto power ytem by TSF power factor Fg. 3. Power factor of power ytem by TSF VIII. ONLUSIONS In t paper te TSF wa appled to uppreng armonc current and compenatng reactve power of te furnace of a teel mle of na. In order to decreae te cot of TSF te optmzaton metod of GA wa appled to normalzng te parameter of TSF. Baed on Tevenn and Norton teorem a dynamc model of TSF n condton of fundamental and armonc current tat decrbed te beavor of TSF wa gven repectvely. ombnng te dynamc modelng metod wt KL and KVL, te perturbaton of mpedance and frequency of te 3kV power ytem wa analyzed. Expreon of armonc current njected nto every flter of TSF were derved by caracter calculaton. Baed on preented metod te maxmum rated current of te capactor and reactor of TSF may be decded. Te reult of mulaton model and meaure practce ow tat, te armonc current njected nto power ytem and power factor accord wt natonal tandard GB/T-1449-93 of na. Except te analy of t paper, te propoed metod may ued to analyze oter mlar ytem, uc a uppre drop off voltage and armonc dtorton of wnd power ytem wen t wa connected wt te power ytem. THD 1 8 6 4 2 Fg. 31. THD of power ytem by TSF omparng Fg.3 wt Fg.12 ow tat, te power factor of 3kV bu ncreae from.82 to.9 by TSF. Tere n t any overcompenaton of reactve power n Fg.3. omparng Fg.31 wt Fg.11 ow tat, te THD of current of 3kV bu decreae from about 2% to 7.8%. It ndcate tat te armonc current njected nto te power ytem wa evdently uppreed. AKNOWLEDGMENT Te autor would lke to tank te upport from Natonal Natural Scence Foundaton (87716, 87717). REFERENES [1] Same K.M. Kod, laudo A. anzare, Merdad Kazeran, Reactve current control troug SV for load power factor correcton, Electrc Power Sytem Reearc, vol.76, pp.71-78, 26. [2] Fan Ruxang, L Zeng, Zao Gang, Sun Mn, Te Degn of Relocatable SV and It Applcaton n Jangx Power Grd, Automaton of Electrc Power Sytem, vol.32, no.14, pp. 91-9, 28. [3] Sukla A, Go A, Jo A, State Feedback ontrol of Multlevel Inverter for DSTATOM Applcaton, IEEE Tran. on Power Delvery, vol.22, no.4, pp. 249-2418, 27. [4] Bor-Ren Ln, Bor-Ren Yang and Hu-Ru Ta, Analy and Operaton of Hybrd Actve Flter for Harmonc Elmnaton, Electrc Power Sytem Reearc, vol.62, pp.191-2, 22. [] Murat Kale, Engn Ozdemr, Harmonc and reactve power compenaton wt unt actve power flter under non-deal man voltage, Electrc Power Sytem Reearc, vol.74, pp.363-37, 2. [6] Gaber El-Saady, Adaptve tatc VAR controller for multaneou elmnaton of voltage flcker and pae current mbalance due to arc furnace, Electrc Power 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS
Internatonal Journal of Engneerng & Tecnology IJET-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 4 96 Sytem Reearc, vol.3, pp.133-14, 21. [7] Yong Zao, Hongyng Deng, Janua L, Daoz Xa, Optmal plannng of armonc flter on dtrbuton ytem by cance contraned programmng, Electrc Power Sytem Reearc, vol.68, pp.149-16, 24. [8] Wang L-guo, Xa Yu, Ren Xang, Xu Dan-guo, Xu Zuang, Pave ontrol on te Negatve Effect of Tyrtor Swtced apactor (I), Aa-Pacfc Power and Energy Engneerng onference, number: 74881. [9] A.Wolf and M.Tamodaran, Reactve Power Reducton n Tree-Pae Electrc Arc Furnace, IEEE Tranacton on Indutral Electronc, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 729-733, 2. [1] Roan R, Porkar B, Improved EHV Lne Swtcng Surge ontrol va ontrolled Swtcng Tecnque, IEEE PEDES,vol.1, no.1, pp.1-4, 21. [11] Gao JQ; He GX; Wang YS, A new parallel genetc algortm for olvng multobjectve cedulng problem ubjected to pecal proce contrant, Internatonal Journal of Advanced Manufacturng Tecnology, vol.43, no.1, pp. 11-16, 29. Lguo Wang wa born n Helongjang Provnce, na, n 1972. He receved P.D. n Electrcal Engneerng from te Harbn Inttute of Tecnology, Harbn, na, n 22. Snce 23, e a been wt te Department of Electrcal and Electronc Engneerng, Harbn Inttute of Tecnology, were e currently an Aocate Profeor. H current reearc nteret nclude armonc uppreon and reactve power compenaton of power ytem, parameter dentfcaton n ac macne, and nonlnear modelng metod. 11794-9393 IJET-IJENS @ Augut 211 IJENS