Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Morphometry - the measurement and mathematical analysis of the configuration of the earth s surface and of the shape and dimensions of its landforms. Horton (1945) - drainage composition 1
Drainage Basin Morphometry Shreve (1967) River Processes 2
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Linear morphometric relationships 3
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Length ratio 4
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Areal morphometric relationships 5
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Drainage density 6
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Drainage density 7
DRAINAGE BASINS Basin Morphometry relief morphometric relationships Relief ratio 8
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Relief ratio Stream Profiles 4000 Rupal Elevation (m) 3000 2000 1000 Buldar Raikot 0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 Distance (m) 9
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes Hypsometric analysis 10
YEAR 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 1950 18000.0 16000.0 14000.0 12000.0 MO 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 DAY 10000.0 11 16 118000.0 17 18 6000.0 19 4000.0 20 2000.0 21 0.0 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 NF ED sta- 3500 59.0 162.0 4760.0 5600.0 5670.0 6020.0 2590.0 1600.0 1080.0 762.0 588.0 481.0 409.0 River Processes Drainage Basin Morphometry River flow (discharge) conditions also exhibit (under appropriate conditions) some degree of morphometry. 50-51 peak discharge event (15800 cfs (11/15-11/27)) Mbar sta-5000 145.0 293.0 8410.0 15900.0 14800.0 16700.0 5750.0 3100.0 2080.0 1590.0 1260.0 1030.0 870.0 NF CC sta-0000 25.0 39.0 1480.0 1690.0 2110.0 2170.0 716.0 404.0 286.0 218.0 175.0 143.0 126.0 CC sta-1500 19.0 47.0 990.0 1170.0 5343.3 R 2 1480.0 = 0.9945763.3 1430.0 604.0 349.0 239.0 184.0 147.0 120.0 103.0 R 2 = 0.9897 NF ED 110.5 1660.3 3507.3 4760.0 3403.3 1756.7 1147.3 810.0 610.3 492.7 445.0 3-day mean Mbar 219.0 2949.3 8201.0 13036 15800 8516.7 3643.3 2256.7 1643.3 1293.3 1053.3 950.0 NF CC 32.0 514.7 1069.7 1760.0 1990.0 12417 R 2 = 0.9947 1665.3 1096.7 468.7 0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0 6000.0 7000.0 302.7 226.3 178.7 148.0 134.5 CC 33.0 352.0 735.7 1213.3 1360.0 1171.3 794.3 397.3 257.3 190.0 150.3 123.3 111.5 11
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes 10000.0 9000.0 8000.0 7000.0 6000.0 5000.0 4000.0 3000.0 2000.0 1000.0 0.0 discharge season (12-1-50 to 5-31-51) R 2 = 0.9705 R 2 = 0.8132 R 2 = 0.8566 0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 12
Drainage Basin Morphometry River Processes 350.0 300.0 low flow season (6-1-51 to 9-1-51) R 2 = 0.9986 250.0 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 R 2 = 0.9865 R 2 = 0.9899 0.0 0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 13
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation 14
Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation A number of interrelated geologic, hydrologic, and topographic factors cause the magnitude of sediment yield to vary widely from region to region. The most important of these are precipitation and vegetation, basin size, elevation and relief, rock type, and human activity. River Processes 15
Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Precipitation and vegetation River Processes 16
Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Basin size River Processes 17
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Elevation and relief 18
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Rock type 19
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Human factor 20
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Rates of denudation - difficult to do, because quantifying human impact is vague. A valid estimate can be made only if the volume of sediment derived by erosive processes can be accurately determined, the boundaries of the source area are definable, and the time interval of sediment accumulation can be ascertained within reasonable limits. 21
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation 22
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation 23
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation 24
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation Sediment budgets To make a complete sediment budget analysis one must identify and quantify: sediment mobilization (processes that initiate motion and move sediments any distance), sediment production (sediment reaching or given access to a channel), and sediment yield (sediment actually discharged from the basin). 25
River Processes Drainage Basin Evolution - denudation 26
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology 27
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology The groundwater profile: 1. Zone of moisture 2. Vadose zone 3. Capillary fringe. 4. Saturated zone 5. Water table 28
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater Equipotential surfaces 29
Aquifers 1. unconfined aquifers 2. aquitards 3. confined aquifers 4. piezometric surface River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater 30
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater Aquifers 5. artesian flow 31
Aquifers River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater 32
The Ogallala aquifer largest freshwater aquifer in the western hemisphere. River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater The Ogallala aquifer largest freshwater aquifer in the western hemisphere. 33
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology porosity and permeability Permeability ability of a material to transmit water Darcy s Law: Porosity (n) - volume of voids relative to the volume of total. The Ogallala aquifer largest freshwater aquifer in the western hemisphere. n = Vv/Vt where: Vv refers to the volume of the voids (liquid and gas phases), and Vt refers to the total volume of a representative volume of rock. 34
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology porosity and permeability The Ogallala aquifer largest freshwater aquifer in the western hemisphere. 35
River Processes Drainage Basin groundwater hydrology movement of groundwater Aquifers Groundwater/surface water interactions Water tables and pumping 36
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