Taxonomy
Taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It has two main purposes: to identify organisms to represent relationships among organisms
Binomial Nomenclature Our present biological system of classification was developed by Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus. He grouped organisms according to their structural similarities. Binomial nomenclature assigns each organism a two-part scientific name using Latin words. The first part of the name is the genus and the second part is the species. Example: red maple- Acer rubrum Domesticated dog - Canis familiaris
Binomial Nomenclature Binomial nomenclature indicates similarities in anatomy, embryology, and evolutionary ancestry. Similar organisms are grouped into the same genus. For example the North American black bear (Ursus americanus) and the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) are closely related. The giant Alaskan brown bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi) and polar bear (Ursus maritimus) are other relatives belonging to the same genus. The koala bear and the panda do not belong to the genus Ursus and are not considered true bears.
Scientific Names Can you think of different names this animal has? 1. Mountain Lion 2. Cougar 3. Puma 4. Florida Panther 5. Catamount 6. A scientific name avoids confusion: Puma concolor
Classifying Living Things The groups to which Linnaeus assigned organisms are called taxa (singular: taxon) The science of naming organisms and assigning them to these groups is called taxonomy. Domains contain kingdoms A kingdom contains phyla Phyla contain classes Classes contain orders Orders contain families Families contain genera Genera contain species
Taxonomic groups Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species most inclusive (contains the most organisms) least inclusive (contains the fewest organisms)
Classification examples Levels of classification Dandelion House cat Human Domain Eukaryota Eukaryota Eukaryota Kingdom Plantae Animalia Animalia Phylum Tracheophyta Chordata Chordata Class Angiospermae Mammalia Mammalia Order Asterates Carnivora Primates Family Compositae Felidae Hominidae Genus Taraxacum Felis Homo Species officinale catus sapiens
Classification of Living Things All living things fall into one of three domains: Archae: ancient bacteria Eubacteria: more advanced prokaryotic bacteria Eukaryota: all eukaryotic cells including plants, animals, protists and fungi
Characteristics of the Domains Prokaryotes (used to be 1 kingdom, Monera), now there are in two separate domains: Archaebacteria Eubacteria Eukaryotes Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Characteristics continued Domain Archaebacteria Unicellular Live in extreme environments (halophiles, thermoacidiphiles) Prokaryotic Domain Eubacteria Unicellular Prokaryotic no nucleus All can reproduce asexually Common bacteria
Domain Eukaryota Have a true nucleus bound by a membrane Large cells (approximately 1000x larger than prokaryotes) Most are multicellular (some protists are unicellular) Have mitochondria and other membrane bound organelles. Have a more complex internal structure. Kingdoms of this domain include: protista, fungi, plantae, and animalia
Domain Eukaryota Protista eukaryotic unicellular or colonial some are autotrophs, some heterotrophs reproduce sexually and asexually examples: algae, protozoa
Domain Eukaryota Fungi cell walls made of chitin eukaryotic most are multicellular all are heterotrophs examples: mushrooms, yeast, bread moulds
Domain Eukaryota Plantae eukaryotic & multicellular cell walls made of cellulose autotrophic reproduce sexually and asexually examples: mosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants
Domain Eukaryota Animalia eukaryotic & multicellular no cell walls heterotrophs examples: sponges, worms, lobsters, starfish, humans
Homework Video: Domains of Life https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyl_8 gv7rie Read Section 1.1 pages 10 to 16 and answer the following questions: # #1-4,6 p. 13 # 3,6,8,9 and 10 p 16