HBio Origin of Life and Classification Practice test

HBio Origin of Life and Classification Practice test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they a. are in Latin. b. can apply to more than one animal. c. are too long. d. require the use of a dichotomous key. 2. Linnaean classification involves a. only large, general categories of organisms. b. only small, specific categories of organisms. c. both large and small categories of organisms. d. no categories of organisms. 3. One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as a. traditional classification. b. the three domains. c. binomial nomenclature. d. cladistics. 4. According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized? a. the genus name only b. the species name only c. both the genus and species names d. neither the genus nor species names 5. Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same a. class. b. family. c. genus. d. species. 6. The second part of a scientific name is unique to each a. order in its class. b. family in its order. c. genus in its family. d. species in its genus. 7. In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should a. be more closely related to one another than they are to species in other genera. b. be less closely related to one another than they are to species in other genera. c. be limited to species that can interbreed. d. have identical genes. 8. Each node on a cladogram represents a. the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor. b. the point at which one or more species became extinct. c. the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade. d. the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic. 9. Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of

a. binomial nomenclature. b. mutations. c. common ancestry. d. different anatomy. 10. What do all organisms have in common? a. They all use DNA to pass on information. b. They are all prokaryotes. c. They are all eukaryotes. d. They are all genetically identical. 11. What is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast? a. They are not related at all. b. Their degree of relatedness cannot be evaluated. c. Their degree of relatedness can be estimated from their genes. d. They can interbreed and thus are the same species. 12. DNA evidence a. can solve evolutionary puzzles, such as how to classify organisms that look similar to one species but share peculiar behaviors with another. b. is not as reliable as physical characteristics or behaviors when used to classify organisms and determine evolutionary relationships. c. has not resulted in any changes to cladograms that were created using observable traits or behaviors. d. can be used to classify organisms that are very different from each other, but not organisms that have close evolutionary relationships. 13. What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary relationships? a. nuclei and cytoplasm b. nuclei and vacuoles c. nuclei and mitochondria d. nuclei and microfilaments 14. All organisms in the kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are a. multicellular organisms. b. photosynthetic organisms. c. eukaryotes. d. prokaryotes. 15. Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin? a. Protista b. Fungi c. Plantae d. Animalia 16. In Linnaeus s time, all living things were grouped into two kingdoms. Later, there were five kingdoms, and now we have six kingdoms. What is the main reason for this increase in the number of kingdoms? a. Scientists have discovered organisms that were previously unknown, so new kingdoms had to be created for them. b. Kingdom Plantae had to be split up into several kingdoms when scientists found that not all plants can photosynthesize. c. As scientists learned more about genetics and biochemistry, some organisms were moved out of existing kingdoms and into new ones. d. Since the time of Linnaeus, many new organisms have evolved, and most of them don t fit into the original kingdoms.

17. Organisms in the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped in a kingdom called a. Animalia. b. Fungi. c. Monera. d. Eukarya. 18. The domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is a. Archaea. b. Bacteria. c. Eukarya. d. Fungi. 19. The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is a. Eubacteria. b. Eukarya. c. Archaea. d. Bacteria. 20. The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are a. Eubacteria and Archaea. b. Eukarya and Bacteria. c. Archaea and Bacteria. d. Archaea and Eukarya. 21. What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things? a. They diverged from a common ancestor fairly recently. b. They diverged from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes. c. They did not have a common ancestor. d. Domains Bacteria and Archaea evolved after the main groups of eukaryotes. 22. Spontaneous generation has been offered as an explanation for a. the birth of live offspring from a mother. b. the germination of a seed. c. the appearance of maggots on rotting meat. 23. How did Redi test the hypothesis of spontaneous generation? a. He placed meat in one container and left another container empty. He then observed the containers for the appearance of maggots. b. He placed meat in two containers and covered one of them. He then observed the containers for the appearance of maggots. c. He placed meat in two containers and fly eggs in one of them. He then observed the containers for the appearance of maggots. d. He placed adult flies in two containers, one with meat in it and one without. He then observed the containers for the appearance of maggots. 24. What did Pasteur do in his experiments on spontaneous generation that other scientists before him had not done? a. He boiled the broth in his flasks. b. He sealed his flasks. c. He used curve-necked flasks and left them open. d. He added microorganisms to the broth before he boiled it. 25. The age of Earth is estimated to be approximately a. 2 million years. c. 2 trillion years. b. 2 billion years. d. 4 billion years.

26. Which of the following is not thought to have been a factor in the formation of Earth? a. Pieces of debris in space collided with Earth, thereby heating it. b. Pieces of debris in space added to the size of Earth. c. Earth was formed from debris that circled the sun as it formed. d. Earth was formed from the collision of two small stars. 27. Which of the following gases was thought by Oparin to be part of Earth s early atmosphere? a. oxygen c. ammonia b. ozone d. carbon dioxide 28. Oparin believed that macromolecules, such as proteins, first appeared a. in volcanoes. b. in the atmosphere. c. in water. d. on iron pyrite and clay. 29. In their experiment, Miller and Urey produced a. energy. c. radioactive isotopes. b. microorganisms. d. amino acids. The apparatus shown below was used by scientists in the 1950s to re-create the conditions of early Earth. 30. Refer to the illustration above. Water vapor in the reaction chamber labeled X was mixed with all of the following except a. ammonia. c. oxygen. b. hydrogen. d. methane. 31. RNA a. has a three-dimensional structure. b. is a nucleic acid. c. can act like an enzyme.

32. RNA molecules can a. catalyze the synthesis of DNA. b. catalyze the synthesis of eukaryotic cells. c. produce complementary copies of their own nucleotide sequence. 33. Presently, scientists think that DNA a. evolved before RNA. b. evolved simultaneously with RNA. c. was essential for the formation of the first cells. d. evolved after RNA. 34. Scientists think that the first cells resembled modern a. animal cells. c. archaebacteria. b. mitochondria. d. chloroplasts. 35. Scientists have inferred that the first cells were a. prokaryotic and autotrophic. b. prokaryotic and heterotrophic. c. eukaryotic and autotrophic. d. eukaryotic and heterotrophic. 36. Which of the following is a true difference between photosynthetic organisms and chemosynthetic organisms? a. They differ in the source of energy they use to produce organic molecules. b. They differ in the source of carbon they use to produce organic molecules. c. Photosynthetic organisms are found on Earth today, while chemosynthetic organisms are no longer found on Earth. d. Photosynthetic organisms are eukaryotic, while chemosynthetic organisms are prokaryotic. 37. The surface of Earth is protected from damaging ultraviolet light by a. oxygen. c. hydrogen. b. ozone. d. nitrogen. 38. Which of the following is thought to have been an important early function of aerobic respiration? a. It enabled some early organisms to live on land. b. It consumed oxygen that could destroy chemicals in early organisms. c. It protected early organisms from ultraviolet radiation, which damages DNA. 39. Many scientists think that early aerobic prokaryotes invaded larger cells and eventually gave rise to a. chloroplasts. c. mitochondria. b. DNA. d. ribosomes. 40. The science of classifying living things is called a. identification. c. taxonomy. b. classification. d. speciation. 41. Taxonomy is defined as the science of a. classifying plants according to their uses in agricultural experiments. b. studying ribosomal RNA sequencing techniques. c. grouping organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history. d. studying reproductive mechanisms and gene flow. 42. As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms a. vary more and more. b. are less and less related to each other. c. become more similar in appearance. d. always are members of the same order.

43. A mushroom is difficult to classify in Linnaeus s two-kingdom classification system because a. it has another common name, the toadstool. b. it doesn t seem to fit into either kingdom. c. mushrooms had not yet evolved in Linnaeus s time. 44. Refer to the illustration above. A shark s skeleton is made of cartilage while a dolphin s skeleton is made of bone. This is one reason the two organisms are placed in different a. kingdoms. c. subspecies. b. domains. d. classes. 45. The organism Quercus phellos is a member of the genus a. Plantae. c. Quercus. b. phellos. d. Protista. 46. Poison ivy is also known as Rhus toxicodendron. Its species identifier is a. poison. c. ivy. b. Rhus. d. toxicodendron. 47. The red maple is also known as Acer rubrum. Its scientific name is a. red maple. c. rubrum. b. Acer. d. Acer rubrum. 48. The scientific name of an organism a. varies according to the native language of scientists. b. is the same for scientists all over the world. c. may refer to more than one species. d. may have more than one genus name. 49. Scientists don t use the common names of organisms because a. an organism may have more than one common name. b. common names are too ambiguous. c. an organism rarely has the same name in different languages. 50. An organism can have a. one genus name and one species identifier. b. one genus name and two species identifiers. c. two scientific names if it is found on different continents. d. two genus names but only one species identifier. 51. The lowest hierarchy level in biological classification is the a. genus. c. family. b. species. d. order. 52. Which of the following is the least inclusive classification group?

a. class c. phylum b. genus d. species 53. Quercus rubra : Quercus phellos :: a. Anolis carolinensis : Parus carolinensis b. Erithacus rubicula : Turdus migratoria c. Aphis pomi : Aphis gossypii d. carp : goldfish 54. Which of the following is (are) used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms? a. patterns of embryological development b. homologous features c. amino acid sequences of proteins 55. Refer to the illustration above. A branching diagram like the one shown is called a a. phenetic tree. c. family tree. b. cladogram. d. homology. 56. Refer to the illustration above. Each particular feature, such as dry skin, that is used to assign an organism to a group is called a(n) a. special character. b. analogous character. c. derived character. d. homologous character. 57. Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom a. Animalia. c. Plantae. b. Fungi. d. Protista. 58. An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom a. Fungi. c. Animalia. b. Plantae. d. Protista. 59. Simple, non-nucleated organisms that use hydrogen to produce methane are in the domain a. Archaea. c. Eukarya. b. Bacteria. d. None of the above 60. The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom a. Protista. c. Animalia.

b. Plantae. d. Fungi. 61. Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system of classification based on the examination of a. embryos. c. ribosomal RNA. b. fossils. d. organisms physical features. 62. The three domain system of classification is based on similarities and differences in, while the sixkingdom system is based on similarities and differences in. a. DNA; DNA, fossils, embryological development, and physical features b. DNA; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and RNA c. ribosomal RNA; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and various molecular structures d. physical features; embryological development, fossils, physical features, and various molecular structures 63. A layer of sedimentary rock that is higher in iron than an older rock layer beneath it indicates that a. oxygen levels in early oceans were rising when the sediment formed. b. carbon dioxide levels in early oceans were rising when the sediment formed. c. nitrogen levels in early oceans were rising when the sediment formed. d. salt levels in early oceans were rising when the sediment formed. 64. Earth s early atmosphere was primarily composed of a. oxygen and water vapor. b. carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen. c. oxygen and carbon monoxide. d. hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. 65. One scientific hypothesis about the origin of life holds that a. RNA replaced DNA as the most stable information-storing molecule. b. RNA existed before DNA. c. proteins that duplicate themselves came to function in information storage. d. as cells evolved, they stopped using RNA entirely. 66. Which of the following conditions would likely prevent the assembly and survival of new kinds of organic molecules on Earth today? a. the presence of carbon dioxide b. the presence of bacteria and other life forms c. the supply of atoms that serve as raw material d. the light and warmth from the sun 67. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that mitochondria in eukaryotic cells arose from a. endosymbiotic eukaryotes that metabolized oxygen. b. endosymbiotic eukaryotes that were photosynthetic. c. endosymbiotic prokaryotes that metabolized oxygen. d. endosymbiotic prokaryotes that were photosynthetic.

HBio Origin of Life and Classification Practice test Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 510 2. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 512 p. 513 3. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 511 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 512 5. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 512 MSC: application 6. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 512 7. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 516 OBJ: 18.2.2 Describe how to make and interpret a cladogram. 8. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 517 OBJ: 18.2.2 Describe how to make and interpret a cladogram. 9. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 521 OBJ: 18.2.3 Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification. SC.912.L.16.11 10. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 521 OBJ: 18.2.3 Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification. SC.912.L.16.11 11. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 521 p. 522 OBJ: 18.2.3 Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification. SC.912.L.16.11 MSC: analysis 12. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 521 OBJ: 18.2.3 Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification.

SC.912.L.16.11 MSC: application 13. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 521 OBJ: 18.2.3 Explain the use of DNA sequences in classification. SC.912.L.16.11 MSC: application 14. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 524 OBJ: 18.3.1 Name the six kingdoms of life as they are currently identified. STA: SC.912.L.15.5 SC.912.L.15.6 15. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 524 OBJ: 18.3.1 Name the six kingdoms of life as they are currently identified. STA: SC.912.L.15.5 SC.912.L.15.6 MSC: application 16. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 524 OBJ: 18.3.1 Name the six kingdoms of life as they are currently identified. STA: SC.912.L.15.5 SC.912.L.15.6 MSC: analysis 17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 524 OBJ: 18.3.1 Name the six kingdoms of life as they are currently identified. STA: SC.912.L.15.5 SC.912.L.15.6 18. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 524 OBJ: 18.3.2 Explain what the tree of life represents. SC.912.L.15.6 19. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 526 OBJ: 18.3.2 Explain what the tree of life represents. SC.912.L.15.6 20. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 525 p. 526 OBJ: 18.3.2 Explain what the tree of life represents. SC.912.L.15.6 21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 526 p. 527 OBJ: 18.3.2 Explain what the tree of life represents. SC.912.L.15.6 MSC: synthesis 22. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-1.1 23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-1.2 24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-1.3 25. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-2.1 26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 14-2.1 27. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-2.3 28. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-2.3 29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-2.3 30. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 14-2.3 31. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.1 32. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.1 33. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.1 34. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.2 35. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.2 36. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 14-3.3 37. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.4

38. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.4 39. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 14-3.5 40. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.2 41. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.3 42. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.3 43. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.3 44. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 17-1.3 45. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 46. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 47. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 48. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 49. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 50. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 51. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 52. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-1.4 53. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 17-1.4 54. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-2.1 55. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 17-2.3 56. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-2.3 57. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-3.4 58. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-3.3 59. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-3.2 60. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-3.4 61. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 OBJ: 17-3.1 62. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 OBJ: 17-3.5 63. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 544 OBJ: 19.1.4 Describe how environmental processes and living things have shaped life on Earth. STA: SC.912.L.15.1 MSC: application 64. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L1 REF: p. 553 OBJ: 19.3.1 Identify some of the hypotheses about early Earth and the origin of life. STA: SC.912.L.15.8 65. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 555 OBJ: 19.3.1 Identify some of the hypotheses about early Earth and the origin of life. STA: SC.912.L.15.8 MSC: analysis 66. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: p. 554 OBJ: 19.3.1 Identify some of the hypotheses about early Earth and the origin of life. STA: SC.912.L.15.8 MSC: analysis 67. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2 REF: p. 557 OBJ: 19.3.2 Explain the endosymbiotic theory. STA: SC.912.L.14.5