R. D. McKeown Jefferson Lab College of William and Mary Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 1
The Standard Model Renormalizable Gauge Theory Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking n 1 n 2 n 3 Massless g,g Higgs Particle Massive W,Z Fermion masses We have found W, Z, t,b,c,s,d,u,t,m,e,n 1,2,3 Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 2
Quest for the Higgs Particle LEPEWWG Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 3
Standard Model Extremely Successful many accurate predictions But some problems: Higgs not found tension among existing data Not self-consistent Higgs mass Origin of neutrino masses? What is the dark matter? Why not antimatter? Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 4
Unification Q= M/GeV Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 5
The Mass Puzzle Seesaw mechanism n L n R m D m D M n L n R m n m D 2 M m D Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 6 M
h Trouble for the Higgs f h (f = t,b,t,m, ) M h2 = (M h2 ) 0 + kg 2 L 2 /(16p 2 ) M h M GUT M Planck (and G F 0) New Physics at TeV scale stabilize M h Is it the dark matter? Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 7
Mass Scales Terascale ~ 1 TeV Unification ~ 10 13 TeV Planck ~ 10 15 TeV Symmetries Neutrinos LHC 1E-05 0.01 10 10000 10000000 1E+10 1E+13 1E+16 1E+19 M (TeV) Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 8
Flow Chart Higgs Mechanism Correct? Yes Terascale Physics No n, symmetries Yes No n, symmetries LHC Discoveries, n, symmetries Need n, symmetries independent of LHC results! Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 9
Low energy studies in the LHC era (and beyond!) Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e + e -, etc) at higher energies (E >> M Z ) Indirect searches at lower energies (E < M Z ) but high precision Large Hadron Collider Ultra cold neutrons, High energy physics CERN Particle, nuclear & atomic physics Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 10
Matter Antimatter Asymmetry (The universe contains matter, not antimatter) Sakharov Criteria: Baryon number violation (or L B) (no evidence yet) CP violation (SM not enough) Non-equilibrium (universe expands, OK, need phase transition?) Experimental info: N-decay, EDM s, n mixing Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 11
Mass - origin of SM masses - mass/energy scales Matter asymmetry - CP violation - B,L violation Summary Attractive Framework: SUSY GUT contains all ingredients needed to address these issues: Light Higgs, CP, B, L, M GUT Is it correct?? Symmetries Neutrinos LHC 1E-05 0.01 10 10000 10000000 1E+10 1E+13 1E+16 1E+19 M (TeV) Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 12
Recent Neutrino History Persistent observations of deficit of solar neutrinos 1998 observation of oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos by Super-K 2002 SNO results imply matter-dependent oscillations of solar neutrinos KamLAND observes oscillations of reactor (man-made) anti-neutrinos Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 13
Neutrinos Oscillate! First laboratory evidence for physics beyond the standard model!! Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 14
Neutrinos: The Best is Yet to Come? Absolute mass scale q 13 the last mixing angle Mass hierarchy CP violation Antineutrino=neutrino (Majorana)? Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 15
Neutrino Mass Scale sensitivity: m n < 0.2eV (90%CL) ~ 75 m long with 40 s.c. solenoids Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 16
bb Decay Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 17
Neutrinoless bb Decay Whatever processes cause 0nbb, its observation would imply the existence of a Majorana mass term and thus would represent New Physics: Schechter and Valle,82 (n) R e e 0nbb n L W u d d u W By adding only Standard model interactions we obtain ( n) R (n) L Majorana mass term Observing the 0nbb decay implies that n are massive Majorana particles. Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 18
bb Decay Experiments 10 ton 10 mev CUORE EXO Majorana GERDA Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 19
Maki Nakagawa Sakata Matrix Gateway to CP Violation! CP violation Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 20
n e Survival Probability Dominant q 12 Oscillation Subdominant q 13 Oscillation Clean measurements of q, Dm 2 No CP violation, negligible matter effects Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 21
Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment 4 reactor cores, 11.6 GW 2 more cores in 2011, 5.8 GW Mountains provide overburden to shield cosmic-ray backgrounds Baseline ~2km Multiple detectors measure ratio of far/near sites Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 22
Experiment Construction Assembly Building Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 23
q 13 the last mixing angle Spring 2011: Near site turn-on Spring 2012: Far site turn-on Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 24
n e Appearance DUSEL Mass hierarchy (+/-) FNAL CP violation matter Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 25
Mass Hierarchy and CP Violation Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 http://nwg.phy.bnl.gov/~diwan/nwg/fnal-bnl/ 26
Supernova Large Underground Detector Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillations Nucleon decay (B violation, Mass scale< M GUT?) Supernova neutrino detection (q 13, r-process?) Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 27
CKM Unitarity Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 28
Lifetime and Correlations combine in a (presently) confused picture for the physics of g A or unitarity X X J. Nico, 2007 A = 0.1196(5) [PERKEO II 2007] Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 29
Neutron Decay Measurements Correlation measurements Lifetime measurements Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 30
Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) Existence of EDM implies violation of Time Reversal Invariance + - J t t J J + - d T violation CP violation SUSY, Terascale Matter Antimatter asymmetry d - J Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 31
nedm Limits e-cm nedm search Complementary Electron Atoms Nuclei, Deuteron (ring) LHC Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 32
New nedm Experiment Superfluid He UCN converter with high E-field 3 He co-magnetometer Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 33
Parity-violating electron scattering SLAC Moller? JLab Future Scale-dependence of Weak Mixing Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 34
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meter s first toroid hybrid toroid meters PV Moller Scattering: Custom Toroidal Spectrometer 5kw LH Target SOLID (PVDIS): High Luminosity on LD2 and LH2 Better than 1% errors for small bins Large Q 2 coverage x-range 0.25-0.75 W 2 > 4 GeV 2 36 Jlab User Meeting, June 2010
Kurylov, et al. Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 37
Muon g-2 e Momentum Spin 3.4 s 3.4 s SUSY? Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 38
m m e Conversion ( A, Z) e ( A, Z) Courtesy: A. de Gouvea??? MEGA Sindrum II Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 39 39
Neutrinos have provided dramatic discoveries, with more to come! Fundamental symmetries complement LHC - additional information - can often extend reach beyond LHC Both relevant to other questions -origin of matter -SM masses -nucleosynthesis Many new high-sensitivity experiments Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 40
Many Thanks M. Ramsey-Musolf K. Kumar S. Page H. Robertson B. Filippone P. Vogel A. de Gouvea D. Hertzog R. Holt many others Jlab User Meeting, June 2010 41