Section 21.1 pp What is Climate?

Section 21.1 pp. 466 468 What is Climate? Set a Purpose: TE, p. 466 Reading Study Guide, p. 73 More about How Climate Controls Interact TE, p. 466 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 466 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 467 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 41 42 Reading Study Guide, p. 73 Section Review: SE, p. 468 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 468 Investigation What Factors Control Your Local Climate?: SE, p. 467 Science and Society El Niño: SE, p. 468 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 73; TE, pp. T73, 73 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 23, Climate, pp. 37 44 Define climate. Describe the factors that influence climate. 1a Understand natural phenomena 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 15 Interpret the effects of technology in daily applications 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 27b Analyze humidity 27d Analyze precipitation 28 Differentiate between weather and climate 30 Analyze weather data 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 21 Earth Science 73

Section 21.2 pp. 469 473 Climate Zones Chapter 21 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 469 Reading Study Guide, p. 74 Visualization Observe images of different climate zones: SE, p. 470 More about Arctic Lichens TE, p. 469 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 469 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 470 More about Desert Climates TE, p. 470 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency, Reading Support: TE, p. 470 More about Desert Adaptations TE, p. 471 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 471 More about Temperate Rain Forests TE, p. 472 Differentiating ion Support for Physically Impaired Students: TE, p. 472 Teaching Transparencies, Climate Zones, p. 25 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 41 42 Reading Study Guide, p. 74 Section Review: SE, p. 473 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 473 Mini Lab Classroom Microclimates: SE, p. 472 Scientific Thinking Hypothesize about which climates make up the highland climate zone in South America: SE, p. 473 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 21 Map Activity, World Climates, pp. 95 96 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 23, Climate, pp. 37 44 Describe Earth s major climate zones. Explain how climate zones are characterized. 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 3b Form a hypothesis 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 7b Apply science-thinking skills: classifying 7d Apply science-thinking skills: inferring 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 7i Apply science-thinking skills: formulating hypotheses 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather 27a Analyze high and low pressure fronts 27c Analyze cloud formation 28 Differentiate between weather and climate 29 Relate causes and effects of climate 74 Earth Science

Section 21.3 pp. 474 477 Climate Change Set a Purpose: TE, p. 474 Reading Study Guide, p. 75 Describe the way Earth s climate changes over time. Explain the causes of climate change. Visualization Observe how nature records climate change: SE, p. 477 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 474 More about Milutin Milankovitch TE, p. 474 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 474 More about Sunspots TE, p. 475 More about Volcanoes TE, p. 475 Differentiating ion Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 475 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 476 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 476 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 476 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 41 42 Reading Study Guide, p. 75 Section Review: SE, p. 477 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 477 Chapter 21 Laboratory Activity Observing Greenhouse Gases: SE, pp. 478 479 Laboratory Manual, Teacher s Edition Lab Sheet 21, p. 144 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 23, Climate, pp. 37 44 3a Identify and frame scientific questions 3b Form a hypothesis 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 5 Demonstrate proper use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals 7i Apply science-thinking skills: formulating hypotheses 20b Analyze plate boundary interactions 21 Explain changes in the Earth's crust 22 Describe volcanoes 29 Relate causes and effects of climate 32b Analyze planetary revolution 32d Analyze the tilt of the Earth's axis 32e Analyze parallelism of the Earth's axis Chapter 21 Earth Science 75

Section 22.1 pp. 490 491 Oceanography Set a Purpose: TE, p. 490 Reading Study Guide, p. 76 More about The Challenger Expedition: TE, p. 490 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 490 More about Ocean Mineral Resources: TE, p. 491 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 43 44 Reading Study Guide, p. 76 Section Review: SE, p. 491 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 491 Summarize the beginning of oceanography. Describe some methods of modern ocean research. 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 22 76 Earth Science

Section 22.2 pp. 492 494 Properties of Water Set a Purpose: TE, p. 492 Reading Study Guide, p. 77 Visualization Explore a 3-D model of water molecules: SE, p. 493 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 492 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 493 Differentiating ion Reading Support, Support for Physically Impaired Students: TE, p. 72 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 43 44 Reading Study Guide, p. 77 Section Review: SE, p. 494 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 494 Scientific Thinking Predict what would happen if ice were denser than liquid water: SE, p. 492 Mini Lab Observing Water s Polarity in Action: SE, p. 493 Contrast the densities of liquid water and ice. Explain how the polarity of water molecules affects the behavior of water. Describe how the properties of water change when it combines with ocean salts. 1d Understand consistent and predictable operation of the universe 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 7e Apply science-thinking skills: predicting Chapter 22 Earth Science 77

Section 22.3 pp. 495 498 Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 22 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 495 Reading Study Guide, p. 78 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 495 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 495 More about Ocean Salinity: TE, p. 496 Differentiating ion Support for Physically Impaired Students, Reading Support: TE, p. 496 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 497 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 497 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 43 44 Reading Study Guide, p. 78 Section Review: SE, p. 498 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 498 Investigation How Do Temperature and Salinity Affect Mixing in the Oceans?: SE, p. 496 Scientific Thinking Predict where shipwrecks would best be preserved: SE, p. 498 Chapter 22 Lab Activity Ocean Water and Fresh Water: SE, pp. 504 505 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 22 Lab Activity, Interpreting a Salinity Profile, pp. 97 98 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 79; TE, pp. T79, 79 Identify factors that affect salinity levels in the oceans. Describe the three temperature layers of the oceans. 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 6 Choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate lab equipment 7e Apply science-thinking skills: predicting 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 13 Practice responsible use of technology systems 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 78 Earth Science

Section 22.4 pp. 499 502 Ocean Life Set a Purpose: TE, p. 499 Reading Study Guide, p. 79 Visualization Discover areas of highest plant productivity in the ocean: SE, p. 499 More about Blooms Red Tides: TE, p. 499 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 499 More about Zooplankton: TE, p. 500 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 500 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 500 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 501 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 501 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 43 44 Reading Study Guide, p. 79 Section Review: SE, p. 502 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 502 Explain the importance of phytoplankton to ocean life. Identify important marine animals. Describe how certain bacteria living near deep-sea vents produce food. 3b Form a hypothesis 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs Career Marine Biologist: SE, p. 500 Science and Society Troubled Waters: Coral Reefs: SE, p. 503 Chapter 22 Earth Science 79

Section 23.1 pp. 510 513 Studying the Ocean Floor Set a Purpose: TE, p. 510 Reading Study Guide, p. 80 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 510 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 510 More about Mapping the Ocean Floor: TE, p. 511 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 511 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 512 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity, Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 512 Teaching Transparencies, Map of the Ocean Floor, p. 26; Physical World Map, p. 40; Earth s Tectonic Plates, p. 41 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 45 46 Reading Study Guide, p. 80 Section Review: SE, p. 513 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 513 Investigation What Does the Ocean Floor Look Like?: SE, p. 510 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 81; TE, pp. T81, 81 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 23 Lab Activity, Seafloor Analysis, pp. 99 102 Identify methods scientists use to map the ocean floor. Describe the techniques of echo sounding and core sampling. 3b Form a hypothesis 7d Apply science-thinking skills: inferring 15 Interpret the effects of technology in daily applications 19a the influence of uniformitarianism 19b the influence of uniformities 20a Analyze propelling forces within the lithosphere 20b Analyze plate boundary interactions 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 23 80 Earth Science

Section 23.2 pp. 514 516 The Continental Margin Set a Purpose: TE, p. 514 Reading Study Guide, p. 81 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 514 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 514 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 515 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 515 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 515 Teaching Transparencies, Passive Continental Margin, p. 27 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 45 46 Reading Study Guide, p. 81 Section Review: SE, p. 516 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 516 Mini Lab Continental Margin: SE, p. 516 Describe the parts of the continental margin. Compare and contrast active and passive continental margins. Explain the origins of submarine canyons. 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs Chapter 23 Earth Science 81

Section 23.3 pp. 517 521 The Ocean Basin 519 Set a Purpose: TE, p. 517 Reading Study Guide, p. 82 Visualization Explore a Black Smoker Up Close: SE, p. Visualization Observe Islands in Various Stages of Atoll Formation: SE, p. 521 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 517 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 517 More about Deep-Sea Trenches: TE, p. 518 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 518 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 519 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 519 More about Mid-Ocean Ridges: TE, p. 520 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 520 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 521 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 45 46 Reading Study Guide, p. 82 Section Review: SE, p. 521 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 521 Describe the features of the ocean basin. Explain how ocean basin features change over time. 17g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 10 Use communication skills to present scientific phenomena 17e Explain the rock cycle 30 Analyze weather data 33d Evaluate use of cameras Mini Lab Continental Margin: SE, p. 516 Science and Technology The NEPTUNE Project: SE, p. 522 Chapter 23 82 Earth Science

Section 23.4 pp. 523 525 Ocean Floor Sediments Set a Purpose: TE, p. 523 Reading Study Guide, p. 83 Visualization Observe the Origins of Some Ocean Floor Sediments: SE, p. 523 More about Origins of Sediments: TE, p. 523 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 523 More about Siliceous Oozes: TE, p. 524 Differentiating ion Reading Support, Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 524 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 45 46 Reading Study Guide, p. 83 Section Review: SE, p. 525 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 525 Career Research Vessel Officer: SE, p. 524 Scientific Thinking Communicate about how deep-sea mining may affect marine life forms: SE, p. 525 Describe three sources of ocean sediments. Explain why studying ocean sediment is important. 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 7e Apply science-thinking skills: predicting 7j Apply science-thinking skills: communicating 20d Analyze magnetism in ancient rocks 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather Chapter 23 Earth Science 83

Section 24.1 pp. 532 535 Surface Currents Set a Purpose: TE, p. 532 Reading Study Guide, p. 84 Visualization Examine global surface currents: SE, p. 532 Visualization Observe how the monsoon changes direction: SE, p. 533 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 532 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 532 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 533 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 533 More about the Gulf Stream: TE, p. 534 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 534 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 535 Teaching Transparencies, Global Ocean Currents, p. 28 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 47 48 Reading Study Guide, p. 84 Section Review: SE, p. 535 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 535 Describe the relationship between winds and surface currents. Describe patterns of different types of surface currents. 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather 29 Relate causes and effects of climate 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 24 Scientific Thinking Explain why the area where the Titanic sank is dangerous for ships: SE, p. 534 Investigation How Can One Ocean Current Affect the Whole North Atlantic?: SE, p. 535 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 24 Lab Activity A, World Ocean Currents, pp. 101 102 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 83; TE, pp. T83, 83 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 20, Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp. 29 36 84 Earth Science

Section 24.2 pp. 536 539 Currents Under the Surface Set a Purpose: TE, p. 536 Reading Study Guide, p. 85 Describe the flow of density currents. Identify factors that affect the density of ocean water. Visualization Observe how deep and surface currents circulate as a system: SE, p. 537 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 536 Differentiating ion Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 536 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 537 Differentiating ion Support for Physically Impaired Students: TE, p. 537 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 538 More about Upwellings: TE, p. 538 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 538 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 47 48 Reading Study Guide, p. 85 Section Review: SE, p. 539 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 539 Mini Lab Simulating Ocean Currents: SE, p. 537 Science and Society Upwelling and Anchovies off Peru: SE, p. 560 Chapter 24 Laboratory Activity Oceanic Water Masses: SE, pp. 544 545 Laboratory Manual, Teacher s Edition, Lab Sheet 24, p. 145 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 20, Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp. 29 36 1a Understand natural phenomena 1c Understand natural causes and effects 2d Discuss various results of the scientific process 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 10 Use communication skills to present scientific phenomena 16 Collect data and construct and analyze graphs 26 Describe how energy transfers affect weather 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 24 Earth Science 85

Section 24.3 pp. 541 543 Tides Set a Purpose: TE, p. 541 Reading Study Guide, p. 86 Discussion: TE, p. 541 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 41 Visual Teaching Discussion: TE, p. 542 Differentiating ion Challenge Activity: TE, p. 542 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 543 Teaching Transparencies, Tides, p. 29 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 47 48 Reading Study Guide, p. 86 Section Review: SE, p. 543 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 543 Describe how the moon and the sun affect tides. Compare and contrast tidal ranges of different bodies of water. 31 Discuss the formation of the solar system 36 Examine sources of stellar energies Investigation How Do Tides Work?: SE, p. 541 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 24 Lab Activity B, Ocean Tides and Tidal Ranges, pp. 105 108 Investigations Guide: SE, p. 84; TE, pp. T84, 84 Guide to Earth Science in Urban Environments, Water Supply, pp. 13 20, Natural Hazards and Disasters, pp. 29 36 Chapter 24 86 Earth Science

Section 25.1 pp. 556 560 Origin and Properties of the Moon Set a Purpose: TE, p. 556 Reading Study Guide, p. 87 Explain various hypotheses about how the moon formed. Describe features and properties of the moon. Visualization Observe images illustrating the impact theory of the moon s formation: SE, p. 556 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 556 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 556 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 557 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 557 More about Mascons: TE, p. 558 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 558 Differentiating ion Support for Visually Impaired Students: TE, p. 558 More about Moon Misconceptions: TE, p. 559 Critical Thinking: TE, p. 559 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency: TE, p. 559 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 49 50 Reading Study Guide, p. 87 Section Review: SE, p. 560 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 560 Mini Lab Weights on the Moon and Earth: SE, p. 557 Science and Technology One Small Step into the Cosmos: SE, p. 561 Chapter 25 Lab Activity Making Impact Craters: SE, pp. 566 567 Laboratory Manual, Teacher s Edition Lab Sheets 25a, 25b, and 25c, pp. 146 148 2a Discuss the unified, open-ended structure of observations 3b Form a hypothesis 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 3d Develop a practical and logical procedure 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 10 Use communication skills to present scientific phenomena 21 Explain Earth changes in the Earth's crust 22 Describe volcanoes 31 Discuss the formation of the solar system 32a Analyze planetary rotation 32b Analyze planetary revolution 32c Analyze apparent diurnal motions of the sun and stars 32d Analyze the tilt of the Earth's axis 33d Evaluate use of cameras Chapter 25 Earth Science 87

Section 25.2 pp. 562 565 The Moon s Motions Set a Purpose: TE, p. 562 Reading Study Guide, p. 88 Describe the motions of the moon. Explain the reason the moon goes through phases. Chapter 25 Visualization Examine the phases of the moon from Earth and space: SE, p. 563 Visualization Observe a lunar eclipse: SE, p. 564 Visualization Observe solar eclipses: SE, p. 565 More about The Moon s Orbit: TE, p. 562 Differentiating ion Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 562 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagram: TE, p. 563 Differentiating ion Reading Support: TE, p. 563 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 564 Differentiating ion Developing English Proficiency, Hands-On Demonstration: TE, p. 564 Visual Teaching Interpret Diagrams: TE, p. 565 Teaching Transparencies, Lunar and Solar Eclipses, p. 30 Spanish Vocabulary and Summaries, pp. 49 50 Reading Study Guide, p. 88 Section Review: SE, p. 565 Monitor and Reteach: TE, p. 565 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 25 Lab Activity A, Moon, Sun, and Seasons, pp. 109 110 Laboratory Manual, Chapter 25 Lab Activity B, Moon Phases and Global Temperatures, pp. 111 112 Analyze how the Earthmoon-sun geometry causes lunar and solar eclipses. 3c Identify and manage variables effectively 7g Apply science-thinking skills: interpreting data 32a Analyze planetary rotation 32b Analyze planetary revolution 32c Analyze apparent diurnal motions of the sun and stars 32d Analyze the tilt of the Earth's axis 33d Evaluate use of cameras 88 Earth Science