Thermodynamic of computing Fisica dell Energia - a.a. 2017/2018
Landauer principle Minimum amount of energy required greater than zero Let assume the operation of bit reset # of initial states: 2 # of final states: 1
Landauer principle S = k B log W Q T S Initial condition: two possible states Final condition: one possible state Heat produced S i = k B log 2 S f = k B log 1 S = S f S i = k B log 2 Q T S = k B T log 2
Landauer principle experimental verification The physics of information: from Maxwell s demon to Landauer - Eric Lutz - University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
Landauer principle experimental verification Even if you're not burning books, destroying information generates heat. - Sergio Ciliberto
Landauer principle experimental verification The physics of information: from Maxwell s demon to Landauer - Eric Lutz - University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
Landauer principle experimental verification The physics of information: from Maxwell s demon to Landauer - Eric Lutz - University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
Landauer principle experimental verification The physics of information: from Maxwell s demon to Landauer - Eric Lutz - University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
Landauer principle experimental verification Jun, Y., Gavrilov, M., & Bechhoefer, J. (2014). High-Precision Test of Landauer s Principle in a Feedback Trap. Physical Review Letters, 113(19), 190601.
Landauer principle experimental verification Feedback Trap Jun, Y., Gavrilov, M., & Bechhoefer, J. (2014). High-Precision Test of Landauer s Principle in a Feedback Trap. Physical Review Letters, 113(19), 190601.
Landauer principle experimental verification Erasure protocol Jun, Y., Gavrilov, M., & Bechhoefer, J. (2014). High-Precision Test of Landauer s Principle in a Feedback Trap. Physical Review Letters, 113(19), 190601.
Landauer principle experimental verification Work series for individual cycles Jun, Y., Gavrilov, M., & Bechhoefer, J. (2014). High-Precision Test of Landauer s Principle in a Feedback Trap. Physical Review Letters, 113(19), 190601.
Time-dependent study of bit reset
Reset on colloidal particles Chiuchiú, D. "Time-dependent study of bit reset." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 109.3 (2015): 30002.
Time-dependent study For a fixed τpr with Q(τpr) T S(τpr), study T S(t), Q(t), W (t), E(t). Chiuchiú, D. "Time-dependent study of bit reset." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 109.3 (2015): 30002.
MEMS/NEMS Memory Device
NEMS Memory Devices Ionescu, Adrian M. "Nano Electro Mechanical (NEM) Memory Devices." Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices (2014): 123-136.
NEMS Memory Devices Ionescu, Adrian M. "Nano Electro Mechanical (NEM) Memory Devices." Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices (2014): 123-136.
NEMS Memory Devices Ionescu, Adrian M. "Nano Electro Mechanical (NEM) Memory Devices." Emerging Nanoelectronic Devices (2014): 123-136.
NEMS Memory Devices
NEMS system
NEMS system armchair direction 6x1 nm 2-240 atoms a = 2.42 Å Y = 0.85 TPa T = 10 K Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
2-DOF potential landscape 10-20 1 Energy (J) 0-1 -2-3 A2 A1-4 10 5 0 A1 (Å) -5-10 -5 0 A2 (Å) 5 Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
Reset protocol Objective: move the system from an unknown state to known state ΔS = kb log(2) Qmin = kb T log(2) A1 A1 A2 Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004. A2
Reset protocol Quick and dirty: apply a positive force along Z on all atoms WRONG: it is not possible to control the velocity!
Reset protocol Quick and dirty: apply a positive force along Z on all atoms
Reset protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration f MaxUp f 0Up f MaxDw f 0Dw t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 Reset protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration f MaxUp f 0Up f MaxDw f 0Dw
Reset protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
Reset protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration 0.4 τ p =110 ns counts 0.2 Q/kBT 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Q/kBT QL=kBTln2 τp (ns) Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
Switch protocol Objective: move the system from a known state to another known state ΔS = 0 Qmin = 0 A1 A1 A2 Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004. A2
Switch protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration f MaxUp f 0Up f MaxDw f 0Dw t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
t t t t t t t Switch protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration f MaxUp f 0Up f MaxDw f 0Dw
Switch protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
Switch protocol Controlled way: apply a set of forces in to gently put the system in the desired configuration 0.4 τ p =210 ns counts 0.2 Q/kBT 0.0-1.5-1.0-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Q/kBT τp (ns) Neri, I., et al. "Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon." EPL (Europhysics Letters) 111.1 (2015): 10004.
t t t t t t t Switch protocol Wrong way: apply the switch protocol from the wrong initial state f MaxUp f 0Up f MaxDw f 0Dw
Switch protocol Wrong way: apply the switch protocol from the wrong initial state Qmin > 2QL
Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion
Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion, López-Suárez, Miquel and Neri, Igor, Applied Physics Letters, 109, 133505 (2016)
Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion, López-Suárez, Miquel and Neri, Igor, Applied Physics Letters, 109, 133505 (2016)
Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion, López-Suárez, Miquel and Neri, Igor, Applied Physics Letters, 109, 133505 (2016)
Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion Orders of magnitude above Landauer limit! Micro-electromechanical memory bit based on magnetic repulsion, López-Suárez, Miquel and Neri, Igor, Applied Physics Letters, 109, 133505 (2016)
Solution: increase the temperature
Solution: increase the temperature Neri, Igor, and Miquel López-Suárez. "Heat production and error probability relation in Landauer reset at effective temperature." Scientific Reports 6 (2016).
Reset protocol Q=W-ΔU Neri, Igor, and Miquel López-Suárez. "Heat production and error probability relation in Landauer reset at effective temperature." Scientific Reports 6 (2016).
Landauer reset with error Neri, Igor, and Miquel López-Suárez. "Heat production and error probability relation in Landauer reset at effective temperature." Scientific Reports 6 (2016).
Unconventional computing
Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate Yukio-Pegio Gunji, Yuta Nishiyama, Andrew Adamatzky
Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate OR gate Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate - Yukio-Pegio Gunji, Yuta Nishiyama, Andrew Adamatzky
Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate AND gate Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate - Yukio-Pegio Gunji, Yuta Nishiyama, Andrew Adamatzky
Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate - Yukio-Pegio Gunji, Yuta Nishiyama, Andrew Adamatzky
Robust Soldier Crab Ball Gate How much energy? Crabs usually eat algae. Crabs are omnivorous, meaning that they will eat both plants and other animals for sustenance. Energy Content of Algae: 5kcal for 3g Average weight of the crabs was 42g Suppose daily need is 50% of its weight: 21g of algae and thus 35kcal 146440J of energy for daily operating a crab logic gate or 1.7W of power
Mechanical logic gate
Mechanical logic gate AND gate
Mechanical logic gate López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)
Mechanical logic gate Ω0 Ω1 López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)
Mechanical logic gate López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)
Mechanical logic gate ΔU = W Q = 0 López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)
Mechanical logic gate López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)
Full adder López-Suárez, M. et al. Sub-kBT micro-electromechanical irreversible logic gate. Nat. Commun. 7:12068 (2016)