Chemistry 152: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Namphol Sinkaset Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1: The Chemical World 1. The scientific method Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving 1. SI units 2. Prefix multipliers 3. Derived units 1. Write numbers in scientific notation. 2. Determine signficant figures in a number. 3. Calculate with significant figures. 4. Solve unit conversion problems. Chapter 3: Matter and Energy 1. States of matter 2. Classifying matter by composition 3. Pysical/chemical properties 4. Physical/chemical changes 5. Temperature 1. Convert between degrees Celsius and kelvin. 2. Calculate heat given mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. 1
Chapter 4: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons 1. The nuclear atom 2. Significance of protons in elements 3. Periodic law 4. Families of elements 5. Isotopes 1. Identify atoms by their subatomic particles. 2. Recognize metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. 3. Recognize main-group, transition, and inner-transition elements. 4. Recognize groups or families of elements. 5. Determine charge of main-group ions. 6. Represent isotopes using accepted symbols. Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds 1. Different forms of elements and compounds. 1. Recognize polyatomic ions (formula to name and vice versa). 2. Name compounds from their formula. 3. Write formulas of compounds from their name. 4. Calculate mass of compounds. Chapter 6: Chemical Composition 1. The mole and Avogadro s number 2. Inherent conversion factors 3. Empirical and molecular formulas 2
1. Convert between grams, moles, and number of atoms/molecules. 2. Calculate mass percent composition. 3. Determine empirical and molecular formulas from data. Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions 1. Strong electrolytes 2. Spectator ions 1. Balance chemical equations. 2. Use solubility rules. 3. Predict products of precipitation reactions. 4. Predict products of acid-base reactions. 5. Predict products of gas evolution reactions. 6. Recognize a redox reaction. 7. Predict products of combustion reactions. 8. Classify reactions based on what atoms do. Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions 1. Conversion factors from balanced equations (mole ratios) 2. Actual vs. theoretical yields 3. Exothermic and endothermic reactions 1. Perform stoichiometry calculations. 2. Perform limiting reactant calculations. 3. Perform stoichiometric calculations with heats of reaction. 3
Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table 1. Relationship between wavelength, frequency, and energy of light 2. Bohr model of the atom 3. Atomic line spectra 4. Electrons as orbitals and probability maps 5. Shells and subshells 6. Valence vs. core electrons 7. Relationship between organization of electrons and reactivity 8. Organization of periodic table into different blocks 1. Write electron configurations of atoms. 2. Draw orbital diagrams of atoms. 3. Recognize periodic trends of atomic size, ionization energy, and metallic character. Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding 1. Octet rule 2. VSEPR theory 3. Electronegativity 4. Polar bonds vs. polar molecules 1. Draw Lewis structures for covalent compounds. 2. Determine electronic and molecular geometries of covalent compounds. 3. Draw molecular structures of covalent compounds with correct perspective. 4. Determine bond and molecular polarity. 4
Chapter 11: Gases 1. Kinetic molecular theory 2. Pressure and units of pressure 3. Individual gas laws 4. Collecting gases over water 1. Convert between atm, mm Hg, and torr. 2. Perform calculations using the combined gas law. 3. Perform calculations using the ideal gas law. 4. Perform stoichiometric calculations with gases. Chapter 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces 1. Intermolecular vs. intramolecular forces 2. Dispersion force 3. Dipole-dipole force 4. Hydrogen bonding Chapter 13: Solutions 1. Solute, solvent, and solution 1. Determine the mass percent concentration of a solution. 2. Determine the molarity concentration of a solution. 3. Use molarity as a conversion factor. 4. Calculate solution dilutions. 5. Perform stoichiometric calculations with solutions. 5
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases 1. Arrhenius definition of acids and bases 2. Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases 3. Acid-base titrations 4. Strong vs. weak acids and bases 5. Acidic vs. basic solutions 6. ph scale 7. Buffers 1. Identify conjugate acid-base pairs. 2. Use titration data to determine concentration of unknown solution. 3. Use K w to calculate H 3 O + or OH concentration. 4. Calculate ph of a solution. Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium 1. Reversible reactions 2. Equilibrium 3. Equilibrium constants 4. Le Châtelier s Principle 1. Write an equilibrium constant expression 2. Apply Le Châtelier s Principle 6