ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CLUP

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CLUP Ricardo M. Sandalo Assistant Professor DCERP, College of Human Ecology University of the Philippines Los Baños April 9-10, 2016 CHE Multi Purpose Hall 1

Twin Objectives To understand the principles why enviromental considerations are important in clup preparation. To review how environment are considered throughout the clup preparation process 2

The Land Use Plans of the Local Government Units (LGUs)* A systematic and organized presentation of the LGU s strategic vision, objectives and directions Translated into a physical and spatial dimension Covers both public and private lands Starts from the uplands-to-lowlands-to-coastal ecosystems of the watershed/sub-watershed system where the LGU is located. 4

The Land Use Plans of the Local Government Units (LGUs)* The detailed implementation of the CLUP s strategic vision, objectives and directions is presented through the various local development plans such as Comprehensive Development Plans (CDP)and sectoral/thematic plans within the LGU s area or shared area with other LGUs. *in the enhanced CLUP guidelines by HLURB 5

Enhancements in the CLUP Guidebook Integration of climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction; Adoption of the ridge-to-reef or integrated watershed ecosystems management framework to emphasize the interrelationship between the upland, lowland and coastal ecosystems; 6

Enhancements in the CLUP Guidebook Integration of public and private land use management and newly mandated land and resource use regimes such as ancestral lands, biodiversity, cultural heritage, forestlands, coastal/inland waters and protected areas, among others; Inclusion of green growth/eco-efficiency and urban design considerations in urban development; 7

Enhancements in the CLUP Guidebook Establishment of inter-lgu and/or inter-agency arrangements to facilitate CLUP implementation; Emphasis on the precedence of spatial physical plans (at the regional/ provincial/ local levels), particularly the CLUP, over other forms of sectoral and development plans in the LGU; and Highlighting the linkage of CLUP to the PPFP and other plans (barangay plan and other area specific plans). 8

Human development should be planned in a manner that took full account of nature and natural processes - Ian McHarg: Design with Nature (1969) 10

Critical elements of a successful national land use policy The National Physical Framework Plan (NPFP) has primacy over all other types of plans being made for the country, including the Philippine Medium-Term Development Plan; The national land use policy and physical planning process shall be formulated following a combined bottom-up and top-down approach; 11

Critical elements of a successful national land use policy The NPFP, guides the planning and management of the country s land and other physical resources at the national and sub-national levels; The NPFP indicates broad spatial directions and development guidelines on the four major land use policy areas, namely, settlements development, production land use, protection land use, and infrastructure development; 12

Critical elements of a successful national land use policy The NPFP should be the reference point by which subsequent national and local sectoral or development plans are directly linked and aligned; All plans and programs prepared by national and local government agencies should be seen as contributing and supportive of the physical development objectives and goals of the adopted national, regional, and local physical plans. 13

The enhanced CLUP Guidebook advocates the principles of the Philippine Agenda 21 (PA21) adopted in 1996 14

Philippine Agenda 21: the National Agenda for Sustainable Development PA 21 envisions a better quality of life for all through the development of a just, moral, creative, spiritual, economically-vibrant, caring, diverse yet cohesive society characterized by appropriate productivity, participatory and democratic process and living in harmony within the limits of the carrying capacity of nature and the integrity of creation. 16

Sustainable Development, according to PA 21 (1996) the harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible governance, social cohesion and ecological integrity, to ensure that development is a life-sustaining process. 17

Philippine Agenda 21 s Five Goal Elements 1. Poverty Reduction: Poverty is a central concern of sustainable development. Consistent with this, PA 21 has a poverty reduction agenda that includes measures to create an enabling economic environment for sustained and broad-based growth; improve employment, productivity and income; and attain food security. 18

Philippine Agenda 21 s Five Goal Elements 2. Social Equity: Social equity should mean allocation of resources on the bases of efficiency and equity to achieve balanced development. Efficiency and equity mean the channelling of resources to developing areas where greater economic benefits accumulate and where there is greater need, distribution being dependent on the practicality and urgency of needs. 19

Philippine Agenda 21 s Five Goal Elements 3. Empowerment and Good Governance: Empowerment is a precondition of informal choices. Good governance is a necessary precondition to empowerment, as empowerment is to good governance. These two are a defining element of each other. 20

Philippine Agenda 21 s Five Goal Elements 4. Peace and Solidarity: The cycle of poverty and conflict goes on as the costs of war escalate in terms of various kinds of destruction while withholding funds for basic services, resulting in more poverty and underdevelopment. 21

Philippine Agenda 21 s Five Goal Elements 5. Ecological Integrity: In general, the path towards enhancing the integrity of the country s ecological domain will have to involve heightened and sustained implementation of environmental laws, as well as the continued pursuit of resource conservation, and environmental restoration/enhancement programs. 22

The enhanced CLUP Guidebook also promotes the principles, which are consistent with the planning and management of resources, provided for in the National Framework for Physical Planning (NFPP) 2001-2030 23

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles Food security: Utilizing the country s land and water resources in a manner that provides sufficient and affordable food products to all Filipinos of the present and future generations through local production and/or importation. 24

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles Environmental stability and ecological integrity: Achieving environmental stability through the observance of appropriate standards and ensuring ecological integrity through effective natural resource management and balancing the demand of land using activities vis-à-vis preservation of ecosystems. Ensuring the proper selection of a site to minimize the damage both to the environment and human health (Appropriate location principle) 25

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles Regional Urban Development: Encouraging the sustainable growth of cities and large towns while complementing the growth of rural areas by adopting alternative development approaches. Spatial Integration: Linking consumption and production areas to achieve physical and economic integration through appropriate infrastructure systems. 26

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles Equitable access to physical and natural resources: Ensuring equitable access to resources through a just distribution of the country s resources and by providing equal opportunities to all Filipinos in the use and acquisition of land and other resources. Private-public sector partnership: Encouraging shared responsibility between the government and the private sector in the development and management of the country s physical resources. 27

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles People Empowerment: Establishing pragmatic appropriate flexible and dynamic structures or mechanisms that involve the participation of key stakeholders. Recognition of the rights of indigenous people: Ensuring the Indigenous Peoples (IPs) right to develop, control, and use lands within their ancestral domains. 28

National Framework for Physical Planning (2001-2030), principles Market orientation: Adopting the interplay of market forces within the framework of ecological and intergenerational factors as a basic parameter in the allocation and use of physical resources. 29

The enhanced CLUP Guidebook supports and complements the National Strategic Framework for Climate Change (2010-2022) adopted by the Government of the Philippines as its national strategy towards ensuring and strengthening the adaptation of our natural ecosystems and human communities to climate change. 30

Integrated Ecosystem-based Management Addressing the country s multiple vulnerabilities to climate change requires an integrated ecosystem-based management approach which not only acknowledges the interrelationships across the country s ecosystems, but also strengthens the integrity of decision-making processes towards the formulation of comprehensive adaptation strategies from ridge-to-reef. 32

Local Climate Change Action Plan. The Climate Change Act aims to systematically integrate the concept of climate change in the policy formulation and development plans of all units of government to prepare for the impact of climate change. The Local Government Units (LGUs) have also been tasked to formulate and implement their respective Local Climate Change Action Plans (LCCAP) consistent with the Local Government Code, the NFSCC and the NCCAP. 33

Local Climate Change Action Plan. The Climate Change Commission envisions that the LCCAP should not represent a separate plan due to the multitude of plans already required of the LGUs. Rather, the LCCAP as an action plan, should be mainstreamed to the CLUP. Appropriate land use and land development is one of the most concrete ways to implement CCA and DRRM, and to harmonize these with sustainable development goals. 34

Planning Area The primary planning area is defined by the cities /municipalities political boundaries. This includes all component barangays and the city/municipal waters extending 15 kilometers from shoreline for coastal LGUs. 35

Planning Area Under the ridge-to-reef or integrated ecosystems management framework, the physical coverage area of an LGU s CLUP shall be referenced from the specific watershed/sub-watershed basin area within the municipality or city and other adjacent localities (transboundary). Thus, the CLUP shall cover both land and water resources of the city/municipality. However, it shall also consider other LGUs within the boundaries of its watershed/sub-watershed area 36

STEPS 1 and 2: Were the concerned stakeholders from various sector involved/ engaged in the planning process? 40

STEP 3: Set the vision In setting the vision, was it based on the results and findings of both baseline conditions or level of development achieved from the implementation of the existing CLUP and the projection and estimations of land use demands, demographic projections and spatial development patterns, climate change/disaster risk projections, biophysical and biodiversity conditions, and key local resource needs and capacities of Step 4? 41

STEP 4: Analyze the situation What were the issues, potentials and future development needs and spatial requirements of the city/municipality? Were they assessed using both technical and participatory methods? 42

Step 4: Analyze the Situation Sectoral and thematic studies Demographic/ socio-economic/ infrastructure-utilities profile Coastal and marine Forest Climate change and disaster risk Ancestral domain 45

Step 4: Analyze the Situation Sectoral and thematic studies Heritage Green growth Urban design Sectoral needs/issues/problems Projected/future land requirements 46

Step 4: Analyze the Situation Assessment of natural/physical environmental features Physical environmental profile Existing land uses (map and areas) Thematic and analytical maps Development constraints/ non-buildable areas Potential development areas 47

Step 4: Analyze the Situation Cross-sectoral analysis and integration of sectors and land uses LGU potentials and comparative advantages Priority issues and problems Possible interventions 48

STEP 5: Set the goals and objective Were the formulated goals, objectives, outcomes, and output indicators achievable? Were they responsive to the issues, needs, and potentials, of the city/municipality? 50

STEP 6: Establish Development Thrusts and Spatial Strategies Were the city/municipality s vision, goals, and objectives translated into various development alternatives or scenarios? (Note: the chosen scenario or a combination of scenarios shall serve as a framework for detailing the future land use plan) 52

Example Strategies: Coastal areas (aquaculture development) Urban center (urban redevelopment/ heritage conservation) Urban expansion area (light industrial development) Agricultural plains (agri-ecotourism) Upland forests (conservation/eco-tourism) 53

STEP 7: Prepare the Land Use Plan Were the vision, development thrust, and spatial strategies translated into a Land Use Plan that describes physically and spatially what, where, why, when, and how a LGU s land and water resources are allocated within its territorial jurisdiction (upland, lowland and coastal)? 55

STEP 7: Prepare the Land Use Plan Were the land and water resources of the LGU identified to be either under (a) protection and production use; (b) infrastructure; (c) urban, and (d) other development uses, consistent with and complementary to the CLUP s vision, development goals, and objectives? 56

Preparing the Land Use Plan In allocating and detailing of land uses, the Land Use Plan integrates the mandatory elements such as the transportation network, public facilities, economic development, ecologically critical areas, and natural hazards. 57

Preparing the Land Use Plan The Land Use Plan specifies the features of the preferred development thrust and spatial strategy, guided by the details and policies governing the following: Growth centers and corridors Residential developments and basic facilities/services Ecological system and cultural heritage protection/conservation Economic development and local governance Infrastructure support systems Development intent Use of city/municipal waters 58

Preparing the Land Use Plan All related sectoral/thematic and development plans prepared by the LGU or national agencies shall be integrated into the CLUP such as the following: Forest Land Use Plan Coastal Resources Management Plan Tourism Master Plan Protected Area Management Plan Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan Solid Waste Management Plan Agriculture Development Plan, etc. 59

Notes: The sectoral/thematic plans should complement and contribute to the attainment of the strategic objectives of the CLUP. Land use management and zoning arrangements of these sectoral/thematic plans should be consistent and made compatible with the designated local land use and zoning arrangements of the LGU. 60

Preparing the Land Use Plan The proposed Land Use Map will reflect the resultant land use proposals for the entire city/municipality, including coastal and marine areas. For purposes of having a more detailed presentation, the urban core and other urbanizing areas may be enlarged to a bigger scale to show the detailed land uses within. The components of urban use areas must be clearly specified and explicitly presented to avoid subjectivity of interpretation. 61

The Land Use Plan shall include the following: Proposed land and water uses Land and water use policies essential in physical development Proposed circulation network Major programs/ projects 63

STEP 8: Draft the Zoning Ordinance Were the zone boundaries defined/delineated in the map? 64

STEP 8: Draft the Zoning Ordinance Were the development controls and integrated zoning arrangements (for upland, lowland, and coastal areas) that will govern both public and private lands of the LGU formulated and reflected in a zoning map that shall accompany the CLUP? 65

STEP 8: Draft the Zoning Ordinance (Note: The zoning map shows the detailed zoning/ subzoning arrangements that will govern the specific land use categories identified in the CLUP) 66

Base Zones refers to the primary zoning classification of areas within a City/ Municipality that are provided with basic regulations such as a list of allowable uses. Usually done in conjunction with Overlay Zones Overlay Zones - a transparent zone that is overlain on top of the Base Zone or another Overlay Zone and provides an additional set [or layer] of regulations intended to address specific objectives for the zone in consideration. For example, an R-2 Zone (Base Zone) will be provided with a list of allowable uses. However, its location may be susceptible to flooding hence overlay regulations, such as requiring buildings/structures to be elevated, may be provided. This technique is useful in addressing CCA-DRR concerns. 67

Base Zones refers to the primary zoning classification of areas within a City/ Municipality that are provided with basic regulations such as a list of allowable uses. Usually done in conjunction with Overlay Zones Planned Unit Development (PUD) Zones is a form of Cluster Zoning intended to facilitate unitarily planned or masterplanned mixed-use developments, such as commercial, industrial and residential. 68

Base Zones Forest and Forest Land Use Zone -Protection -Production Agricultural Zone Protection Agricultural Sub-Zone Production Agricultural Sub-Zone Agri-Industrial Zone Municipal Waters Zone -Protection Sub-Zones: Fishery Refuge and Sanctuary, Foreshore Land, Mangroves, Fishery Reserve, Delta/Estuary, Lake 69

Base Zones -Production Sub-Zones: Mineral Land Zone Residential Zone 1-5 Socialized Housing Zone General Commercial Zone Commercial Zone 1-3 Industrial Zone 1-3 General Institutional Zone Tourism Zone Parks and Recreation Zone Cemetery Zone Buffer/Greenbelt Zone Utilities, Transportation, and Services (Infrastructure/Utilities) Zone 70

REFERENCES Enhanced CLUP Guidebook, HLURB, Volume 1 73

THANK YOU! 74