INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 2, No 1, 2011 Copyright 2010 All rights reserved Integrated Publishing services Research article ISSN 0976 4380 Spatio-Temporal changes of Land use and Land cover analysis using Remote Sensing and GIS: A case study of Kanchipuram District Coastal Stretch Tamil Nadu Uma. J 1, Mahalingam. B 2 1- Associate Professor and Head, Dept. of Geography, Presidency College, Chennai 2- Research Scholar, Dept. of Geography, Presidency College, Chennai mahabose.geo@gmail.com ABSTRACT The objectives of this paper are to analyze the land use land cover changes in coastal stretch of Kanchipuram district in Tamil Nadu. Using multi-temporal remote sensing data (Landsat MSS-1980, Landsat TM-1991, Landsat TM-2000 and IRS LISS-III-2009) land use land cover change analysis has been performed. The result revealed that buildup land increased in Tambaram taluk whereas Buildup land, forest and salt plant increased in Chengalpattu and Mathuranthakam taluk while Agriculture land decreased in all taluks in study area. The Census data was used to find out the growth of population in the study area. Keywords: Remote Sensing, GIS, Anthropogenic, Land use/land cover, Thematic map. 1. Introduction The land use/land cover pattern of a region is an outcome of both natural and socio-economic factors and their utilization by man in time and space. Land is becoming a scarce commodity due to immense agricultural and demographic pressure. Hence, information on land use/land cover and possibilities for their optimal use is essential for the selection, planning and implementation of land use schemes to meet the increasing demands for basic human needs and welfare. Satellite Remote Sensing play an important role in generating information about the latest land use-land cover pattern in an area and its temporal changes. The information being in digital form can be brought under Geographical Information System (GIS) to provide a suitable platform for data analysis, update and retrieval. 2. Study Area The current study was conducted in 10 Km buffer along the Kanchipuram district coastline, Tamil Nadu, India (79 0 57 3 Lat to 80 0 12 1.5 Lat, 12 0 15 19.7 Long to 12 0 58 21.7 Long). Villages which fall fully within the buffer zone have selected as study area (map: 1). There are 172 village which comes in 10 Km buffer zone, in that 28 village lies in Tambaram taluk, 56 village lies in Chengalpattu taluk, 88 village lies in Maduranthagam taluk and total area of study is 784.64 Sq Km. The administrative boundaries and name of taluks have changed in study area during long period of study, to generalize the data for all study years, 1980 boundaries and names followed for all four years. Submitted on July 2011 published on September 2011 188
3. Materials and Method Landsat MSS 1980, Landsat TM 1991, Landsat TM 2000 imageries downloaded from GLCF website and IRS 1D LISS III -2009 data obtained from NRSC, Hydrabad, India (Map: 2). It should be mentioned that the satellite data have been already corrected atmospherically, radiometrically and geometrically by the issuer. Land use/land cover classification scheme suggested by National Remote 189
Sensing Agency, Hyderabad (NRSA 1989) was adopted for land use/land cover mapping. Twelve land use/land cover categories was identified and mapped based on supervised classification method using Erdas Imagine 9.1. The same software was used to find out the changes in landuse / land cover in study area. Village boundary map was obtained from Census of India, geo-referenced using ArcGIS 9.3 and vector layer creation and thematic map preparation was done using the same. To manipulate population data SPSS 17 has used. Fig: 1 shows details methodology adopted for the research. 190
The spatial distribution and extent of change in each land use/land cover class was worked out through satellite images for the year 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2009. The changes in land use/land cover category are mentioned in the below table 1. Table 1: Areal Changes of different land use/land cover features Tambaram (area in Sq Km) Class 1980-91 1991-2000 2000-2009 1981-2009 Inland Water 0.96-5.06 13.08 8.98 Grass -0.24-18.23 3.77-14.7 Barren Land -3.61-3.2 0.98-5.83 Forest -1.3 15.18-25.99-12.11 Canal 0.03-0.03 0.09 0.09 Agriculture -10.56 0 0-10.56 Beach 0 0 0 0 Sandy 0 0 0 0 Back Water 0.56 7.4-10.15-2.19 Salt plant 0 0 0 0 Buildup Land 12.95 4.03 18.3 35.28 Wet Land 1.2-0.09-0.08 1.03 Table 1: Cont. Areal Changes of different land use/land cover features Chengalpattu (area in Sq Km) Class 1980-91 1991-2000 2000-2009 1981-2009 191
Inland Water 11.13-7.46 7.69 11.36 Grass -14.58 5.92 1.82-6.84 Barren Land -26.85 2.49-14.9-39.27 Forest 29.18 12.27 0.97 42.42 Canal -0.09-0.04-0.38-0.51 Agriculture -17.28-15.66-5.56-38.49 Beach 2.37-1.73-0.45 0.18 Sandy -0.35-0.53 1.84 0.96 Back Water 0.34 1.18-9.03-7.52 Salt plant 2.68 0.94 9.45 13.07 Buildup Land 11.89 1.69 11.01 24.59 Wet Land 1.56 0.94-2.46 0.04 Table 1: Cont. Areal Changes of different land use/land cover features Maduranthagam (area in Sq Km) Class 1980-91 1991-2000 2000-2009 1981-2009 Inland Water 6.11-1.58-1.23 3.29 Grass -29.96-8.76 10.99-27.73 Barren Land -39.19 15.35-2.36-26.19 Forest 42.73 15.12-8.25 49.6 Canal 0.04-0.01-0.52-0.48 Agriculture -0.04-12.85-4.04-16.93 Beach 0.03 0.42-0.89-0.45 Sandy -0.28-2.98-2.73-5.98 Back Water -0.97-0.57-1.46-3 Salt plant 8.47-4.66 2.3 6.11 Buildup Land 13.78 3.42 8.18 25.38 Wet Land -0.73-2.89 0-3.62 4. Growth of Population The anthropogenic activity is one of the factors which cause landuse/landcover changes. To find out the anthropogenic disturbance in the study area, village wise population have been studied during 1980, 1991, 2000 from Census of India data. The map 1 shows village wise thematic representation of growth in residential population. It shows that growth of population in all villages, while villages in Tambaram had high growth population than other taluks. The figure 2 shows the taluk wise population growth with data. 192
5. Results and Discussion Areal Changes of land use/land cover features derived from the analysis of the satellite image processing is presented in Table1. The result shows that there is continuous growth of buildup area in all places and all years in the study area meanwhile continues decrease of agriculture land area in all places and all years, particularly the 10.56 sq km agriculture land in Tambaram taluk was zero after the year1980. 5.1 Changes in Tambaram taluk Barren land (-5.83 sq km), Forest (-12.11 sq km), Grass land (-14.70 sq km), Back water (- 2.19 sq km) have decreased while Agriculture land fully decreased in Tambaram taluk meanwhile Canal (0.09 sq km), Wet Land (1.03 sq km) Inland Water (8.98 sq km) and Buildup Land ( 35.28 sq km) increased. The result shows that buildup landuse area has occupied other decreased landuse areas during the study years in Tambaram taluk. 5.2 Changes in Changalpattu taluk Barren Land (-39.27 sq km), Agriculture (-38.49 sq km), Back Water (-7.52 sq km) Grass (- 6.84 sq km) and Canal (-0.51 sq km) decrease in Chengalpattu taluk while Wet Land (0.04 sq km), Beach (0.18 sq km) Sandy (0.96 sq km) Inland Water (11.36 sq km), Salt plant (13.07 sq km) Buildup Land (24.59 sq km) and Forest (42.42 sq km) increased. From the image classification analysis it was observed that most of decreased agriculture landuse had changed as buildup land while barren land had changed into saltpan and forest land in Chengalpattu taluk. 5.3 Changes in Mathuranthakam taluk Grass (-27.73 sq km), Barren Land (-26.19 sq km), Agriculture (-16.93 sq km), Sandy (-5.98 sq km), Wet Land (-3.62 sq km), Back Water (-3.00 sq km), Canal (-0.48 sq km) and Beach (-0.45 sq km) decreased while Inland Water (3.29 sq km), Salt plant (6.11 sqkm), Buildup Land (25.38 sq km) and Forest (49.6 sq km) increased in Mathuranthagam taluk. It shows most of decreased grass land and barren land has changed as forest land while agriculture land has changed as buildup land in Mathuranthakam taluk. 193
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