Earth Science 11 Learning Guide Unit 5 Name: 5-1 Minerals and mineral identification 1. For each of the following statements put a R in the space if the statement refers to a rock M in the space if the statement refers to a mineral Made of only one type of chemical substance Composition of different chemically Naturally occurring crystalline solid. 2. Name the six most common minerals that make up rocks. 3. Draw a line from each mineral family in the left column to the element (in the right column) it contains. Remember that an element may below to more than one family. 4. How are silicates and carbonates similar and different from each other? ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 1 of 9
5. What makes native elements different from the other mineral families? 6. Silicates are classified as felsic and mafic. Use this table to compare felsic and mafic. Mafic Felsic 7. Follow the example that is already given to complete this wheel to describe the tests used to identify minerals ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 2 of 9
5-2 Rocks and the rock cycle 8. How did James Hutton s ideas differ from the beliefs of his time? 9. This is partially completed diagram of the rock cycle. Fill in the blanks with the following words or phrase: igneous deposited molten material pressure eroded in layers becomes compacted becomes cemented cools metamorphic ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 3 of 9
5-3 Igneous Rock 10. Compare and contrast the following the following pair of terms: a. Mafic and felsic b. Magma and lava c. Ferromagnesians and silicic 11. There are two samples in this diagram. Which sample a. Has small crystals b. Is plutonic c. Is extrusive d. Cooled on the surface e. Cooled slowly f. Is volcanic g. Cooled quickly h. Is intrusive ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 4 of 9
12. Use this table to summarize the two type of igneous rocks Alternate name Forms underground or above ground Cooling rate Crystal size Intrusive Extrusive 5-4 Sedimentary Rocks 13. What is a clasts? 14. Sedimentary rocks belong to one of 3 groups. Complete this table with the necessary information. Part of it is filled-in as examples for you to follow. Group Method of formation Examples (2 or more) Clastic Chemical reaction of such as evaporation or precipitation Limestone (you need to add at least another example) 15. How are clastic rocks organized? 16. Describe the clasts found in conglomerates and breccias and explain what causes the difference. ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 5 of 9
17. What features can be found in clastic rocks? Why are they important? 5-5 Metamorphic Rocks 18. Where does regional metamorphism occur and what are the evidence of it? 19. Where does contact metamorphism occur and how does it happen? 20. What is orogeny 21. Complete this table to show the differences between the two classes of metamorphic rock Regional or contact metamorphism? Crystal re-alignment? Mono or poly mineralistic? Foliated Non-Foliated 22. What controls the degree of metamorphism ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 6 of 9
5-6 Rocks and mineral resources 23. What is an ore? 24. What changed a reserve into a resource? 25. Research the internet to research how 2 rocks and 2 minerals are used as resources. Be sure to include the site(s) where you found your information. Name Use Information Site Rock 1: Rock 2: Mineral 1: Mineral 2: 26. What is a hydrocarbon and how is it related to fossil fuel? ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 7 of 9
5-7 Resource extraction and refining 27. Complete this table by Describing how the ores are distributed to use that kind of mine. Explaining how that kind of mine is created in the second row Describing any risk or environmental impact associated with that type of mine in the third row. Mine type Underground Open pit Strip Distribution of ore How it forms Risks and Impact 28. When are quarries used? 29. In the comic strip below sketch the steps of the hydraulic process used to extract hydrocarbons. ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 8 of 9
5-8 Energy Resources 30. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources? 31. Categorize each of the following resource as (R) renewable or (N) nonrenewable. a) Natural gas b) Crude oil c) Hydroelectricity d) Wind e) Solar energy f) Coal g) Diamonds h) Trees i) Geothermal energy j) Uranium 32. Write a well written paragraph on energy conservation referencing: What is energy conservation? How individuals and society can conserve energy? Some as short and long term energy solutions? ** You may word process this and submit it as a separate file** ES11LG-Unit 5 Page 9 of 9