How do we define what it means to be alive?
Defining Life-7 Characteristics of Life There is no universal definition of life. To define life in unequivocal terms is still a challenge for scientists. Conventional definition: must exhibit the following criteria: 1. Homeostasis: Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature. 2. Organization: Being composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. 3. Metabolism: Consumption of energy 4. Growth: A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter. 5. Adaptation: The ability to change over a period of time in response to the environment 6. Response to stimuli: A response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism when touched to complex reactions involving all the senses of higher animals. A response is often expressed by motion, for example, the leaves of a plant turning toward the sun or an animal chasing its prey. 7. Reproduction: The ability to produce new organisms.
Cell Theory - Review 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure (form) and function (purpose) in living things. 3. Living cells come only from other living cells Brainpop: Cells
What are cells? Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. All living things are made up of cells Cell are the building blocks of life Cells are specialized to do certain jobs in different regions of your body. There are @ 200 different types of cells in your body. Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a million of them on a period at the end of a sentence.
What technology was created that allowed cells to be discovered? Hint: you could not SEE a cell without this piece of equipment. Another hint: we used this piece of equipment during our last unit of study.
Cells were named by Robert Hooke. 1 st scientist to call spaces in cork cells he observed under the microscope cells. Comes from the Latin word cella which means little rooms. Unicellular: one cell bacteria. Multicellular: many cells humans have over 200 different types of cells (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total cells.
Cells Each cell is an amazing world unto itself: it can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized functions, and reproduce as necessary. Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these activities. Organelles: small structures, or organs within cells that perform a specific function
Cell Membrane Outer structure that surrounds the cell Supports & protects the cell Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell Barrier between cell and its environment
Cytoplasm Cell s environment or inner space The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus. Made of mostly water Contains the organelles Site of most cell activity
Nucleus The cell s computer, brain, or manager Controls the cell activities Contains all the information the cell needs to do specific jobs, grow, and divide Information is stored in DNA molecules Contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes Determines what proteins will be made
Nuclear Membrane Protects and guards the nucleus Controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus Allows other materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
Ribosomes Makes the proteins the cell needs to survive and grow Produces the Protein which is the Product of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) The transportation system of the cell Carries material through cell Allows reactions to happen in the cell Where the ribosomes do their work Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it so the proteins they make can be released directly into the ER for transport Smooth ER collects things and contains them
Golgi Bodies Packs & carries the proteins Prepares the proteins for use or delivery outside the cell
Mitochondria Cell s powerhouse or power generator Supplies the energy Breaks down sugar molecules into energy Need oxygen to make energy and give off carbon dioxide as waste
Lysosomes Cell s recyclers Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules Contains enzymes which break down the proteins Digests old cell parts
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANIMAL & PLANT CELLS
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
Vacuole Function: Like your suitcase, a vacuole is a temporary storage space for the cell. Fluid-filled, membrane surrounded cavities inside a cell Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell 1 in Plant- Several in Animal
CELL WALL: PLANT Function: Gives the cell most of its support and structure A thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell Bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant
Cell Wall Plant cells only Made of cellulose Surrounds the cell membrane Gives plants their shape, structure, and protection Allows H2O (water), O2,(oxygen) and CO2, (carbon dioxide) to pass in and out of the cell
Chloroplast Function: Where photosynthesis takes place An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll
Chloroplasts Plant cells only Power generator for the plant Give plants their green color Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant through photosynthesis
Chromosomes Location in the nucleus Contain the code that controls the cell they transmit heredity characteristics Nucleolus Location in the nucleus made up of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNA)- main function is to rewrite ribosomal RNA (rrna) and combine it with proteins- Makes ribosomal subunits from proteins and ribosomal RNA, also known as rrna
Notes A eukaryotic cell holds its genetic material inside of the nucleus of the cell. A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, so its genetic material is in the cytoplasm. Multicellular An Organism with more than one cell Unicellular An Organism with only one cell
Can you remember the function of each? Cut out the symbols and glue them next to the correct cell part.
B. C. A. Cell = City G. D. H. I. E. J. F.