STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3
Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: 1. Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced 2. Distilling solution X (BP/CP evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph 3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes
Kinetic Theory All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. These tiny particles are always in motion. (known as Brownian Motion) temperature movement temperature movement If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster
How many states of matter are 1. 1 there? 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5
States of Matter are Physically Different SOLID Closely packed Fixed Positions Vibrate LIQUID Closely packed but can slide past one another GAS Constant motion rarely stick together
There are 2 more states of matter Plasma Bose Einstein Condensate
What is the most common state of matter in the universe? 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 4. plasma Solid Liquid Gas plasma
Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82-83 Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkesi_b5ljc Plasma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rplokqtcsk BEC
SOLIDS Crystalline Solids Atoms organized in geometric patterns Crystal systems Ex: ice, methanol, sodium chloride Amorphous Solids Atoms not organized in specific patterns Do not have definite melting pts. Ex: glass, plastic, gels
LIQUIDS Atoms are close (similar to solids) but can slip pass each other. No definite shape
Most energetic phase on Earth Move fast cannot attach to each other No shape or volume GAS
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
THERMAL ENERGY In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules Potential and Kinetic Energy
Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules TEMPERATURE Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion
HEAT VS TEMPERATURE HEAT Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE Measured in degrees Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid
When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles 1. Speed up 2. Slow down 3. Remain the same speed Speed up Slow down Remain the same speed
When particles speed up, the particles 1. Stick and clump together 2. Slide by or bounce off of each other 3. Remain unchanged Stick and clum... Slide by or bo... Remain unchang...
When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles 1. Speed up 2. Slow down 3. Remain the same speed Speed up Slow down Remain the same speed
When particles slow down, the particles tend to 1. Stick and clump together 2. Slide by or bounce off of each other 3. Remain unchanged Stick and clump together Slide by or bounce off o... Remain unchanged
Think of the following diagrams in terms of energy gained or energy lost by the substances.
Gas Solid Liquid
Gas Evaporation Solid Liquid
Gas Condensation Solid Liquid
Gas Evaporation Condensation Solid Liquid
Gas Solid Freezing Liquid
Gas Solid Melting Liquid
Gas Solid Melting Freezing Liquid
Gas Solid Liquid
Gas Sublimation Solid Liquid
Gas Deposition Solid Liquid
Gas Sublimation Deposition Solid Liquid
Gas Sublimation Deposition Evaporation Condensation Solid Melting Freezing Liquid
States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different SOLID to Liquid= energy added (Melting) Lots of energy added at one time and solid gas (sublimation) LIQUID to Gas= Energy added (Boiling) Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gas liquid (condensing) And liquid solid is (melting) Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and g s (deposition)
What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same 1. Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C 2. Completing a phase change substance? Raising the temperatu.. Completing a phase...
I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. Unable to tell were in the solution? 1 2 3 4 Unable to tell
The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles
Solid to a liquid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
gas to a solid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
liquid to a solid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
Gas to a liquid 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
Solid to a gas 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
Liquid to a gas 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
melting 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
deposition 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
freezing 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
condensing 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
sublimation 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
boiling 1. Energy added 2. Energy lost Energy added Energy lost
End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2
THERMAL ENERGY In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules Potential and Kinetic Energy
Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion TEMPERATURE
HEAT VS TEMPERATURE HEAT Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE Measured in degrees Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid