Lessons Learnt from Nargis Recovery for the Next Disaster International Recovery Forum (2011) 12, JAN 2011, Kobe, Japan Home for over 100 national races. Profile of Myanmar The 2 nd largest country in ASEAN with total area of Population; 59.13 261,228 sq miles. Presented by; Mr. Soe Htwe, Deputy Director General, Relief and Resettlement Department, Union of Myanmar millions with annual growth rate of 2.02. Sparsely populated with 77 per sq kilometer. Neighboring countries: India, Bangladesh, China, Laos PDR, Thailand Hazard Risk Profile Annual disaster outbreaks in Myanmar are fire and flood. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami was the first Tsunami experience. Cycloney Nargis struck Myanmar on 2 nd May, 2008. It is the most devastating and tremendous natural disaster in the history of Myanmar. Impact of Cyclone Nargis Nargis recorded as the worst natural disaster in the history of Myanmar Severely affected 2.4millions Death toll 84,537 Missing 53,836 School 3,912 Health facility 630 Economic damaged USD 4 billion Affected areas are 3 Regions and 2 States. 1/13/2011 3 Coordination Mechanism on Recovery and Rehabilitation in Nargis (2008) *comprised of three representatives each from ASEAN, UN & GoUM *organized 11 Clusters for the restoration of the lives of victims *48 INGOs and NGOs actively participated in the recovery activities National Mechanism for Nargis Recovery Programme National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee National Disaster Preparedness Management Working Committee Ten Sub-Committees Government of Myanmar + ASEAN + UN organizations (TCG Coordination Mechanism) Formation of 11 clusters ( Education, Health, Water and Sanitation, etc.) Cooperation with 48 INGOs in Recovery Operation Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA) Coordination and Collaboration are under Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan (PONREPP) for Long Term Preparedness 1
Lessons Learnt from Recovery Formation of TCG is an ideal one among the nations and very effective for the implementation of relief and Post Nargis recovery. Coordination and cooperation among the Government, ASEAN, UN Agencies and INGOs was carried out smoothly through TCG. The rehabilitation and reconstruction tasks are being implemented in the storm-hit regions with the aim of Build-Back-Better so the communities in the storm-hit areas enjoy better living conditions than previously. CBDRM is actually important as the community is always the prime responder in the disaster out-break and they will ensure effective preparedness and a more rapid response driven by local knowledge, customs, requirements and solutions. The active involvement of private sector and the entire people is critical for the success of emergency relief. The humanitarian aids are complementary for the Government s rehabilitation projects. 7 Lessons Learnt from Recovery The devastating impacts of Cyclone Nargis on the environment and livelihood basis of local communities have increased people s vulnerability to future natural hazards. Deforestation and forest degradation as a result of Nargis, Salinization of groundwater and agricultural lands, and the loss of property pose major challenges to recovery efforts. Loss of income from natural resources as well as building materials for shelter signify that capacities of local communities to cope with and respond to the cyclone s impacts are significantly compromised, which makes them more vulnerable to future disasters. The essential relief aids for the victims are foods and shelters As soon as the emergency assistances have been provided, the restoration of the livelihood of the communities plays in a vital role. Counseling and encouragement for the victims should be made 9 effectively. Improvement from Lessons Learnt The promulgation of Standing Order for the efficient Disaster Management Institutional arrangement for the Departmental commitment of DRR in all sectors In order to reduce the impacts of future disaster, Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction (MAPDRR) has been drawn and implemented For the background situation stuato of the country; past and present pese natural a disaster outbreaks; Hazard profile of Myanmar being developed Public awareness programmes ( publishing and distributing of IEC materials, TOTs, Disaster Management Courses at the States & Regions, workshops ) and capacity building for local Government officials. Educative Talks on DRR for the local communities Improvement from Lessons Learnt 11 2
Conduction of TOTs & DMCs for the vulnerable community Improvement from Lessons Learnt Cont- Updating the Early Warning Dissemination Techniques Under-processing of the development of Building Codes More cooperation and collaboration with international and regional disaster management organizations Cyclone shelters for multiple purposes; school-cum; hospital-cum shelters, hillocks and road net-work projects for effective evacuation in emergency period Continuing the implementation of HFA Implementation of MAPDRR Mainstream DRR in every sector (especially in national development programme) Emergency disaster preparedness plan( State/Regional, township/ village tract level) The Track of GIRI cyclone Cyclone GIRI hit Myanmaron22and23 October 2010 Category 4 cyclone Emergency stage with brown colour Wind speed 120 miles per hour 15 15 15 Affected areas are Pauktaw, Myaybon, Ann, Minbya, Sittwe and Kyaukphyu in Western part of Myanmar 35 Dead tolls & missing 10 The Track of GIRI cyclone Comparison of Nargis and GIRI Nargis Cyclone Category (3) Tropical Cyclone Wind speed from 120 miles to 150miles per hour with heavy rain Accompanied by high tidal waves Last about two days GIRI Cyclone Category (4) Tropical Cyclone Wind speed round about 120 miles per hour with heavy rain Accompanied by tidal waves in some areas Last about two days Caused tremendous losses of lives and damages Left very much less in losses of lives Due to lowland areas and no place to hide for the victims Lack of communities' awareness and lack of care on the early warning disseminations by National Authorities. Lack of disaster-resistant infrastructures. than Nargis but with serious damages Having high hills and mounds everywhere to hide and protect against strong winds and heavy rains Communities having a lot of experiences as almost 90%of cyclones always strike Rakhine State before Based on the Nargis lessons, peoples are highly- aware of preparedness Lack of resilient infrastructures 3
Bird-eye view of the GIRI-hit Areas Emergency Situation of Cyclone GIRI Emergency Situation of Cyclone GIRI Infrastructures Damages caused by cyclone GIRI Natural Environment D Degradation d ti 4
Emergency relief supplies are being provided continuously Shelter Supplements 5
Shelter Supplements Shelter Supplement Humanitarian Aids are effectively supplied 6
Emergency Disaster Relief Aids in GIRI affected Areas Thank You 7