Protists Simple Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaebacteria Domain Eukaryotes Regents Biology 2006-2007 Common ancestor
General characteristics Classification criteria eukaryotes not animal, plant or fungi That s more of what they re not & not what they are! Regents Biology
Protist Diversity A great variety in ways of life one-celled to many-celled autotrophs (photosynthesis) to heterotrophs (have to eat) asexual to sexual reproduction pathogens to beneficial sessile to mobile Regents Biology
Mobility How Protists move flagellum cilia pseudopod Regents Biology
Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists heterotrophs, predators Amoeba Paramecium Stentor Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red Regents Biology
Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists autotrophs, photosynthesis Euglena algae diatoms Regents Biology
Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogen Protists malaria Giardia trypanosomes Plasmodium Giardia Regents Biology Trypanosoma
Protist Diversity Beneficial & necessary Protists phytoplankton small algae + diatoms much of the world s photosynthesis produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen zooplankton heterotroph protists key ecological role at base of marine food web Regents Biology Mmmmmm! Keeps me goin!
Kingdom: Animals Complex Eukaryotes Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Common ancestor
Animal Characteristics Heterotrophs must ingest others for nutrients Multicellular complex bodies No cell walls allows active movement Sexual reproduction
Animal Evolution sponges jellyfish flatworms roundworms mollusks segmented worms insects spiders starfish vertebrates segmented body internal skeleton separate digestive system left-right symmetry tissues many-celled Ancestral Protist
Invertebrate: Porifera Sponges no organized tissues or organs food goes in & waste comes out same opening food taken into each cell separately
Invertebrate: Cnidaria Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral tissues, but no organs two cell layers predators tentacles surround mouth opening digested material absorbed into cells
Invertebrate: Platyhelminthes Flatworms tapeworm, planaria mostly parasitic digestive tube now have separate mouth & anus tapeworm
Invertebrate: Nematoda Roundworms digestive tube have separate mouth & anus many are parasitic hookworm
Invertebrate: Mollusca Mollusks clams, snails, squid soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells digestive tube
Invertebrate: Annelida Segmented worms earthworms, leeches segments are all the same digestive tube fan worm leech
Invertebrate: Arthropoda Spiders, insects, crustaceans most successful animal group segmented allows jointed legs & arms exoskeleton
Arthropod groups arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrmp insects 6 legs, 3 body parts
Invertebrate: Echinodermata Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber radial symmetry spiny exoskeleton
Vertebrata Vertebrates fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals internal bony skeleton backbone skull-encased brain becomes brain & spinal cord Oh, look your first baby picture! becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone becomes vertebrae
450 mya Vertebrates: Fish Characteristics body structure paired fins scales body function breathe with gills two-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg Lampreys, salmon, trout, sharks gills body
350 mya Vertebrates: Amphibian Characteristics body structure legs (walk on land) moist skin body function lung breathe with lungs & through skin glottis closed three-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction external fertilization external development in aquatic egg metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) buccal cavity frogs salamanders toads
250 mya Vertebrates: Reptiles Characteristics body structure dry skin, scales, armor (shells) body function breathe with lungs three-chambered heart cold-blooded (ectotherm) reproduction internal fertilization external development in hard-shelled egg dinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile leathery embryo shell amnion chorion allantois yolk sac
150 mya Vertebrates: Birds Characteristics body structure feathers & wings thin, hollow bone; flight skeleton body function very efficient lungs & air sacs four-chambered heart warm-blooded (endotherm) reproduction internal fertilization external development in hard-shelled egg trachea anterior air sacs finches, hawk ostrich, turkey lung posterior air sacs
220 mya / 65 mya Vertebrates: Mammals Characteristics body structure hair specialized teeth body function muscles contract breathe with lungs, diaphragm four-chambered heart warm-blooded (endoderm) reproduction internal fertilization internal development in uterus nourishment through placenta birth live young mammary glands make milk mice, ferret elephants, bats whales, humans diaphragm contracts
That s the buzz Any Questions?