Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 6 (2018) 37-44 doi:10.17265/2328-2193/2018.01.006 D DAVID PUBLISHING Temperature and Sound Survey on Steep Tea Farm Area and Salt Pan Site Naomi Ando River Basin Control Bureau Technology Office, Kotanabe 610-0311, Japan Abstract: Wazuka town in Kyoto prefecture has the largest farmland for Uji green tea on the steep hillsides. In 1953, this area suffered from flood disaster due to the heavy rainfall along with the valley wind. In this area, diluvia, Osaka strata and granite are outcropped along the Wazuka fault, and many old landslides in small scale could be identified. The River Basin Control Bureau has an experimental site locating on Ishidera area in Wazuka, where there was a house that was built about 150 years ago, and the habitants migrated after the 1953 flood. This area was developed for lots and housing during the economic bubble years around 1990, but was abandoned due to the occurrence of a small landslide and the inclination of concrete wall. To understand the distribution of ground water streams, 1 m-depth-ground temperature survey method and sound survey method were used. Using these methods, ground water streams were detected at the Kizu river bank gate site, at salt pan site gate trail, and on Ishidera landslide observatory. Based on the survey results, the construction sites of the wells for the drainage, steel-sheet piles for the river bank and watergate trails for the salt field area were suggested. Key words: Ground water streams, 1 m-depth-ground temperature, sound survey, tea farmland, small landslide, salt field, watergate trails. 1. Introduction After the experimental site opening in 2011, some drainage wells and a pond for the collection of shallow ground stream water were constructed as the countermeasures to stabilize the slope. 1953 Aug.14~15 Thunder Rain fellover 400 mm at Yubune in Wazuka Town on granite and diluvial epoch strata with Wazuka fault along the valley, Debris Flow brought hundreds deaths (see Figs. 1 and 2). Tianjin suburbs sun dried salt area some streams show nearly sea water double dense salty and were suffering from hardness of lobster farming and road planting. On Naruto Satoura sweet potato field, inner field drainage is similar to Wazuka soil purify toilet trench, outer drainage are higher at full lower at ebb tide. Wazuka local bridge made by habitat had stream hole in bridge bed for buried stream. Corresponding author: Naomi Ando, director, research fields: river debris and seashore engineering, hydrology. 2. Experimental Setup It is noted that this sound survey method was developed jointly by Dr. Tada and Takuwa Corporation, and is a technique using very sensitive sensor for picking up the ground aeration sound resulting from seepage. GL-1 m depth ground temperature survey method had been developed to detect hot spring and was developed to slope protection, heating garbage and shallow well by Dr. Takeuchi and transmitted to Jilin University and Gansu Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in China. GL-1 m temperature is less influenced with atmosphere, for instance, insummer, ground stream (~15 m) shows lower temperature. 3. Survey Results 3.1 Kizu River Bank Buried Gate at Bridge Construction In 1951, the new Izumi Bridge was constructed to make the Kizu River bank narrower than before and
38 Fig. 1 Geological map [1]. Fig. 2 Kashmir bird s eye map. Fig. 3 1953 Aug. 15 [2].
Fig. 4 Kizu River and branch stream Wazuka River[3]. Fig. 5 Japan and China (Tianjin) rainfall and Salt Industry [4] (Sun dried Salt around Tianjin). 39
40 Fig. 6 Tianjin south suburbs salt pan seashore area. Fig. 7 Naruto salt pan site (siege). Fig. 8 Naruto Satoura (& Daikuno) sweet potato field [5].
Temperature and Sound Survey on Steep Tea Farm Area and Salt Pan Site 41 pf Water Temp (attach to Weir) Sound (by Takuwa Corporation) Fig. 9 Overview of the measure implements [3]. Temperatu 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 a b c d Atmosphere River Water 2012/1/ /17 2012/1/ /20 2012/1/ /26 2012/3/ /20 2012/3/ /22 2012/3/ /23 2012/3/ /26 2012/4/ /2 2012/4/ /4 2012/4/ /12 2012/4/ /24 Fig. 10 Survey Result of Kizu River Izumi Bridge upper left [3] (2008. Aug.~2013. Sept.). irrigation stream gate was buried under bank. Its ground stream was detected by GL-1 temperature at river shore inner bank pond and river shore water in summer. m temperature method and spring water To reducee flooding, steel sheet piles are effective. Originally bamboo bushed river shore pond area, on public housess site, a disaster protection well may be useful. 3.2 Wazuka Ishidera Experimental Site The slope is 25-26 from river section and before development map. Holey drainage (Netron) pipes put it in the modal hem center of groundwater flow was detected could make sediment move slow and slopes stable centering on the place. Correcting shallow stream pond and pumping wheel, hazard protection. k=a 1.9 10-3 cm/s b 1.8 10-3 cm/s c 2.8 10-3 cm/s d 8.3 10-4 cm/s the fill and the cut slope wheree inclined wall amending were made to irrigate and
42 32 30 28 26 24 GL-1mTemp. GL-1m River Pool Water River(after high water) Pool River(2013) Pool 22 20 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Izumi Bridge upper m fig.1.kidzu River 25km left-bank Fig. 11 Survey result of Wazuka Ishidera and Kizu River experimental area [3, 7].
43 Fig. 12 Survey result of Naruto Salt Park, Satoura shore [6]. Fig. 13 Pipe flow downstream wheel hut, lotus pond (salty influence) flowing out channel, toilet trench sides sandy potato field (salty spray influence). Fig. 14 Naruto Salt pan Park Revival Plan.
44 Fig. 15 Tianjin suburbs sun dried salt pan site planting with ground flow irrigation and steel sheet pile shutting. 3.3 Naruto Satoura Field and Salt Pan Site Park On the east of the Satoura field Ote sand Shore, shallow stream to sea was detected. From salt pan site web gate to the joint of breakwater bank, temperature difference and sound large stream flow was detected. 4. Conclusions Based on the survey results, (1) Wazuka Ishidera Experimental Site further agricultural salty influence of sweet potato and lotus research, (2) Naruto Salt pan site Park flowing Salt revival should be researched park tree salty influence and Yuru gate revival for web tide salt experience area should shut breakwater seepage, (3) Proposal for the Tianjin suburbs sun dried salt pan site planting with ground flow irrigation and shutting and flowing out plan, were made. Acknowledgments The author wish to catch Japan Water Prize to revive flowing salt pan equipment in Naruto Salt Pan Park with local salt industry, local bord of education, invite Chinese guests and widen to domestic table salt pan salt with local farmers. References [1] Ministry of Economy and Industry: Fromgeological Map. [2] Japan Meteorological Agency. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/195 3/19530811/19530811.htm. [3] Naomi, A, 2013. Bamboo Forest Estimation Concerning Land Stability by Ground Temperature and Water Temperature. International Symposium on River Sedimentation, ISRS 2013. CRC Press. [4] Yasushi, O. 2016. Tokushima Pref. Salt Industry Picture Reference Book. Grand Press. [5] Naruto City Agriculture Section. 2016. Field Irrigation Plan. unpublished map and section chart. [6] Tokushima Pref. Public Works Bureau. 2016. Breakwater Section Principles and Application. Unpublished Map and Section Chart. [7] The Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. 2008. Kizu River Bank Engineering Chart. Unpublished.