Earthquake hazards. Aims 1. To know how hazards are classified 2. To be able to explain how the hazards occur 3. To be able to rank order hazards
|
|
- Myles Lane
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Earthquake hazards Aims 1. To know how hazards are classified 2. To be able to explain how the hazards occur 3. To be able to rank order hazards
2 Types of hazard Primary A direct result of the earthquake Secondary A hazard caused by a primary effect Can you name some primary and secondary hazards?
3 Earthquake hazards Primary Hazards Ground shaking Secondary hazards Landslides/avalanches Soil liquefaction Tsunamis - underwater landslides of tectonic uplift Flooding Rank order hazards from most damaging to least damaging
4 GROUND SHAKING The ground shakes or vibrates as the seismic waves cause small temporary displacements of the ground. The intensity can be affected by the size of the earthquake, the geology of the ground below and the location of the focus. p waves compressional waves cause the crust to move back and forth. S waves shearing waves cause the ground to move vertically up and down and horizontally Worst impacts is from high intensity and high magnitude earthquakes. Also damaging impacts from high intensity or high magnitude earthquakes.
5 Landslides
6 Earthquake Causes waves Waves cause shaking Shaking Shakes material Slope more unstable Landslide Material moves down the slope
7
8 Earthquake-triggered landslides More widespread and sudden Rock falls and slides on steep slopes IF WET Earth flows, debris flows and avalanches of rock, earth and debris
9 Landslides cause slope failure Block mountain roads, happened in Nepal 2015 Block rivers, creating natural dams and causing flooding, happened in Kashmir 2005 Displace water from reservoirs, happened in Italy 1963, drowned 3000 people.
10
11 Effects of Landslides... Economic Decline: Damage to property which brings losses to the economy Damage to Infrastructure: such as buildings, roads, pipe lines, bridges Loss of Life: many lives are lost as people try to run away and are not fast enough Changes in the Surface Landscape: dammed rivers or lakes may become shallower as they fill with debris.
12 Example Iran (1990) An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale causes mud slides that bury towns, roads, and take 50,000 lives.
13 Soil liquefaction Fine grained sands, or alluvium, with a high water content are squeezed. Vibrations cause the soil to turn from a liquid to a solid It causes river banks to collapse, foundations to be damaged and housing to tilt. Kobe EQ led to 200 berths at the Osaka port being destroyed affecting world trade.
14 Soil liquefaction
15 Japanese tsunami
16 Tsunamis Convergent plate margin, sial is dragged downwards by denser sima. Pressure builds Earthquake occurs, causing the sial to flick upwards, displacing water from the ocean trench Tsunami occurs, spreading outwards in all directions from the epicentre.
17 How EQ trigger tsunami CczB8
18 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows changes in sea level following a seismic event in the Pacific Ocean basin. Figure 1 Comment on the changes in seas level shown, and suggest why these changes illustrate the hazards associated with a tsunami. (7 marks)
19 Long wave length, short wave height. Cross-section of a tsunami Increase in wave height, decrease in wave length, due to friction with the sea bed as it become shallower. Rapid speed in ocean 800km/h to 950km/h Speed decreases as it reaches land 50-80km/h 10m Drawback: water in front of the wave is sucked into to maintain wave height. Tide appears to go out a very long way. Tsunamis are caused by an earthquake. When the sial flicks upwards, as the pressure is released this causes elastic rebound. Sendai 11/3/11 9 on Richter scale Destructive Plate Margin Pacific plate = sima, North American Plate = sial
20
21 2.stm
22
23 Tsunamis Underwater landslides, triggered by earthquakes Displaces water This generates a tsunami wave, which radiates out in all directions. Doesn t have power to cross oceans but can have devastating local effects 1998, 2200 villagers in Papua New Guinea were killed.
24 landslides Blocked reservoirs Rivers blocked Flooding tsunami Soil liquefaction Tectonic uplift global Underwater landslides local
25 Produce a detailed case study of the Japanese earthquake and Tsunami.
26
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 3 Understanding Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information:
More informationWhat is an Earthquake?
Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? Earthquake - sometimes violent shaking of ground caused by movement of Earth s tectonic plates; creates seismic waves Often followed by smaller earthquakes (aftershocks);
More informationPrevention Tsunami wall 10m high (breached by the tsunami due to land level falling by 3m)
Plate margin Plates Causes Sendai, Japan Convergent plate margin Pacific and Eurasian Plates Convergent plate margin Sima (Pacific plate) moves towards the sial (Eurasian plate) Sima (Pacific plate) is
More informationEarthquakes and Earth s Interior
- What are Earthquakes? Earthquakes and Earth s Interior - The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy - Usually associated with faulting or breaking of rocks - Continuing adjustment
More informationEarthquakes. Building Earth s Surface, Part 2. Science 330 Summer What is an earthquake?
Earthquakes Building Earth s Surface, Part 2 Science 330 Summer 2005 What is an earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all
More informationEarthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College
Earthquakes and Earthquake Hazards Earth - Chapter 11 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College What Is an Earthquake? An earthquake is the vibration of Earth, produced by the rapid release of energy.
More informationForces in Earth s Crust
Name Date Class Earthquakes Section Summary Forces in Earth s Crust Guide for Reading How does stress in the crust change Earth s surface? Where are faults usually found, and why do they form? What land
More informationOIKOS > landslide > mechanism >predisposing causes
predisposing causes and trigger OIKOS > landslide > mechanism >predisposing causes Landslides are events that occur in space and time. As such, it is usually possible to identify both one or more landslide
More informationFinding an Earthquake Epicenter Pearson Education, Inc.
Finding an Earthquake Epicenter Measuring the Size of Earthquakes Two measurements that describe the size of an earthquake are: 1. Intensity a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale
More informationEarthquakes Chapter 19
Earthquakes Chapter 19 Does not contain complete lecture notes. What is an earthquake An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy Energy released radiates in all directions
More informationImportant Concepts. Earthquake hazards can be categorized as:
Lecture 1 Page 1 Important Concepts Monday, August 17, 2009 1:05 PM Earthquake Engineering is a branch of Civil Engineering that requires expertise in geology, seismology, civil engineering and risk assessment.
More informationSection Forces Within Earth. 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes
Section 19.1 - Forces Within Earth 8 th Grade Earth & Space Science - Class Notes Stress and Strain Stress - is the total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area (cause) Strain deformation of materials
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationAn entire branch of Earth science, called, is devoted to the study of earthquakes.
Lesson One Essential Question Where do earthquakes take place? What causes earthquakes? What are three different types of faults that occur at plate boundaries? How does energy from earthquakes travels
More information9.3. Earthquakes. Earthquakes at Divergent Boundaries
9.3 Earthquakes Preview the headings on these two pages. What can you say about where earthquakes occur? As the plates that make up Earth s crust move, the rough edges lock together. Over time, pressure
More informationEarthquakes Earth, 9th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts What is an earthquake? Earthquake focus and epicenter What is an earthquake?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Earthquakes Earth, 9 th edition, Chapter 11 Key Concepts Earthquake basics. "" and locating earthquakes.. Destruction resulting from earthquakes. Predicting earthquakes. Earthquakes
More informationUNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES
UNIT - 7 EARTHQUAKES WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling of the Earth caused by the abrupt release of energy that is stored in rocks. Modern geologists know that most earthquakes
More informationEarthquakes. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. Chapter 6 Modern Earth Science. Modern Earth Science. Section 6.
Earthquakes Chapter 6 Modern Earth Science Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Section 6.1 Modern Earth Science Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Earthquakes are the result of stresses in Earth s s lithosphere.
More informationAssessment Schedule 2015 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of the causes of extreme Earth events in New Zealand (91191)
NCEA Level 2 Earth and Space Science (91191) 2015 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2015 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of the causes of extreme Earth events in New Zealand (91191) Evidence
More informationEarthquakes & Volcanoes
Earthquakes & Volcanoes Geology - the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change geo = Earth; ology = study of Earth s Layers Plate Tectonics - the
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Measuring Earthquakes Two measurements that describe the power or strength of an earthquake are: Intensity a measure of the degree of earthquake shaking at a given locale based
More informationName Date Class. radiate in all directions, carrying some of the. of plate boundaries have different usual patterns of.
Chapter Outline Earthquakes CHAPTER 6 Lesson 1: Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries A. What is an earthquake? 1. A(n) is the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a fault. A fault is a fracture surface
More informationSection 19.1: Forces Within Earth Section 19.2: Seismic Waves and Earth s Interior Section 19.3: Measuring and Locating.
CH Earthquakes Section 19.1: Forces Within Earth Section 19.2: Seismic Waves and Earth s Interior Section 19.3: Measuring and Locating Earthquakes Section 19.4: Earthquakes and Society Section 19.1 Forces
More informationNPTEL Online - IIT Kanpur. Course Name Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering. Department IIT Kanpur
NPTEL Online - IIT Kanpur Course Name Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Department Instructor Civil Engineering Department IIT Kanpur Prof. N.R. Patra Module 1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
More informationBeyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book Suppose your city wants to build a new housing development on a steep slope outside town. Design a model to test whether the land is safe from the types of landslides you read about in this
More informationSlide 1. Earth Science. Chapter 5 Earthquakes
Slide 1 Earth Science Chapter 5 Earthquakes Slide 2 Forces in Earth's Crust A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is stress 3 types of stress acting on rock layers Tension pulls on the
More informationEarthquake Hazards. Tsunami
Earthquake Hazards Tsunami Review: What is an earthquake? Earthquake is the vibration (shaking) and/or displacement of the ground produced by the sudden release of energy. The point inside the Earth where
More informationYear 4 Geography Revision Pack Summer 2018 Name
Year 4 Geography Revision Pack Summer 2018 Name Welcome to your geography revision pack for the upcoming Summer exams. Everything that we have been working on in lessons since Christmas will be covered
More informationGeology 229 Engineering Geology Lecture 27. Earthquake Engineering (Reference West, Ch. 18)
Geology 229 Engineering Geology Lecture 27 Earthquake Engineering (Reference West, Ch. 18) Earthquake Engineering 1. General introduction of earthquakes 2. Seismic Hazards 3. Strong ground motion Exactly
More informationMass Wasting: The Work of Gravity
Chapter 15 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Twelfth Edition Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 15 Mass Wasting The Importance of Mass Wasting Slopes are the
More informationAn Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a
An Earthquake is a rapid vibration or shaking of the Earth s crust created by a release in energy from sudden movement of a part of a plate along a fault. Energy released radiates in all directions from
More informationGG101 Lecture 22: Mass Wasting. Soil, debris, sediment, and broken rock is called regolith.
GG101 Lecture 22: Mass Wasting Mass Wasting is the movement of rock and soil down a slope due to the force of gravity. Soil, debris, sediment, and broken rock is called regolith. Mass wasting creates broad
More informationThe Cascading Hazards from Cascadia s Earthquakes
Tsunamis The Cascading Hazards from Cascadia s Earthquakes Earthquakes (Nisqually earthquake, Seattle, WA) Volcanoes (Mt St Helens eruption, WA) Joan Gomberg gomberg@usgs.gov Landslides (Oso landslide,
More informationEarthquakes 11/14/2014. Earthquakes Occur at All Boundaries. Earthquakes. Key Aspects of an Earthquake. Epicenter. Focus
Earthquakes Earthquakes Caused by friction and movement between Earth s tectonic plates A release of force Often caused by a catch between two plates As plates slide by, they stick to each other When the
More informationINTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES
INTRODUCTION TO EARTHQUAKES Seismology = Study of earthquakes Seismologists = Scientists who study earthquakes Earthquake = Trembling or shaking of the earth s surface, usually as a result of the movement
More informationEarthquake Notes. Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate edges and along faults.
Earthquake Notes Name: Date: Where Do Earthquakes Happen? Earthquakes occur all the time all over the world, both along plate edges and along faults. Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic
More informationThree Fs of earthquakes: forces, faults, and friction. Slow accumulation and rapid release of elastic energy.
Earthquake Machine Stick-slip: Elastic Rebound Theory Jerky motions on faults produce EQs Three Fs of earthquakes: forces, faults, and friction. Slow accumulation and rapid release of elastic energy. Three
More informationDebris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures. Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS
Debris flow: categories, characteristics, hazard assessment, mitigation measures Hariklia D. SKILODIMOU, George D. BATHRELLOS Natural hazards: physical phenomena, active in geological time capable of producing
More informationIdentifying the causes and effects of earthquakes
Science 3 Physical Earth and Space Life LESSON 57 Identifying the causes and effects of earthquakes Lesson Preparation Program Materials Child s Booklet E Exploring the Earth s Structure (pp. 12 13) Optional:
More informationEarthquakes. Dr. Mark van der Meijde INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION
Earthquakes Dr. Mark van der Meijde vandermeijde@itc.nl INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION Topics to handle Theory of earthquakes Mechanism Strength Measurements
More informationMass Wasting. Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
Mass Wasting Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition While landslides are a normal part of erosion and surface processes, they can be very destructive to life and property! - Mass wasting: downslope
More informationEarthquakes. Earthquake Magnitudes 10/1/2013. Environmental Geology Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Related Phenomena
Environmental Geology Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Related Phenomena Fall 2013 Northridge 1994 Kobe 1995 Mexico City 1985 China 2008 Earthquakes Earthquake Magnitudes Earthquake Magnitudes Richter Magnitude
More informationUnit 7: Dynamic Planet: Earthquakes & Volcanoes
Unit 7: Dynamic Planet: Earthquakes & Volcanoes Lecture 3 Objectives: E3.4C - Describe the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on humans. E3.4f - Explain why fences are offset after an earthquake
More informationChapter 11 10/30/2013. Mass Wasting. Introduction. Factors That Influence Mass Wasting. Introduction. Factors That Influence Mass Wasting
Introduction Chapter 11 Mass wasting - The downslope movement of material resulting from the force of gravity. Mass Wasting Mass wasting results when the force of gravity acting on a slope exceeds the
More informationChapter 4. The Earth s Surface: Shaping the crust
Chapter 4 The Earth s Surface: Shaping the crust Learning outcomes In this chapter you will learn: That the earth is made up of layers Why the earth is shaped as it is What plates are and how they move
More informationVIDEO The 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami
VIDEO The 2011 Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami Why was it so large and devastating? Why so short a warning? Why did tsunami precautions fail? What happened elsewhere? The Loma Prieta Earthquake (1989)
More information21. Earthquakes I (p ; 306)
21. Earthquakes I (p. 296-303; 306) How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the last 4,000 years? How many people have been killed by earthquakes in the past century? What two recent earthquakes
More informationChapter 4 Earthquakes and Tsunamis
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 21 30 March 2004 100 100 100 96 A B C D F Exam Scores 95 94 94 90 85 83 83 83 Mean 72 67 61 59 59 55 54 41 Mean = 78.5 Median = 83 Any Questions? Chapter 4 Earthquakes
More informationChapter 4 Earthquakes and Tsunamis. Geology of the Hawaiian Islands. Any Questions? Class March Mean = 78.
Geology of the Hawaiian Islands Class 21 30 March 2004 Any Questions? 100 100 100 96 A B C D F Exam Scores 95 94 94 90 85 83 83 83 Mean 72 67 61 59 59 55 54 41 Mean = 78.5 Median = 83 Chapter 4 Earthquakes
More informationTuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth
Tuesday, September 05, 2017 Planet Earth Objective: Describe the solar system and Earth s location in it. Identify Earth s shape. Discuss Earth s structure. List Earth s landforms Do Now: What is a compass
More informationMajor External Processes Driven by energy from the sun and from gravity. Also create hazards and resources.
Geologic Processes and Hazards Definition of Geology External and Internal Processes: examples of each Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics: definition, types of boundaries, general geography, hazards & resources
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 6 Volcanic Hazards Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College of
More information11/30/16 EARTHQUAKES ELASTIC LIMIT FAULT FORCE AND PLATES WHAT DO YOU NOTICE?
ELASTIC LIMIT EARTHQUAKES Bend sitck but do not break it. What do you notice? No bend until it breaks. Describe the energy and forces at work. (Kinetic, potential etc) 8 TH GRADE FAULT FORCE AND PLATES
More informationPlate Tectonics Comic Book Pg s 9-13
Plate Tectonics Comic Book Pg s 9-13 Your Comic Book should include the following on each page: Your CHARACTER thoroughly explaining the concept for the page DRAWINGS for each of the topics A brief EXPLANATION
More informationChapt pt 15 er EARTHQUAKES! BFRB P 215 ages -226
Chapter 15 EARTHQUAKES! BFRB Pages 215-226226 Earthquake causes An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth s crust caused by a release of energy The movement of the Earth s plates causes most earthquakes
More informationGeotechnical damage in rural areas caused by the 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake
Tokyo, 1 June 2015 Geotechnical damage in rural areas caused by the 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake Chiaro Gabriele JSPS RESEARCH FELLOW, University of Tokyo Lecturer, University of Canterbury, New Zealand
More informationChapter 15. Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection? At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
Chapter 15 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe At the boundaries friction causes plates to stick together.
More information2.3 Notes: Earthquake Damage Can Be Reduced
2.3 Notes: Earthquake Damage Can Be Reduced Earthquakes can cause severe damage and loss of life Each year, there is about one earthquake with a magnitude of or higher-this is an extremely earthquake.
More informationEarthquakes. Beyond the Book. FOCUS Book
FOCUS Book Model how liquefaction during an earthquake changes Earth s surface and affects buildings. Put sand in a large plastic container. Mix enough water into the sand to make the ground feel firm.
More informationPlate tectonics. Temperature increases towards the centre
Temperature increases towards the centre Plate tectonics Structure of the Earth Crust Two layers of rock that move on top of the mantle 1. Oceanic Lithosphere heavy rock created at constructive plate boundaries
More informationAN APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF SLOPE MOVEMENTS
Training/workshop on Earthquake Vulnerability and Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment: Geospatial Tools for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Effort 13 31 March 2006, Islamabad, Pakistan AN APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION
More informationCONTENT. A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction. B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence
Name Earth Science Date Period TOPIC THE DYNAMIC EARTH CONTENT A. Changes in the Crust Facts Changes Construction and Destruction B. Continental Drift What is it? Evidence C. Theory of Plate Tectonics
More informationNatural Disasters. Why Are There Earthquakes? 197 words. The Power of the Earth 221 words. Big Waves! 188 words
ARTICLE-A-DAY Natural Disasters 6 Articles Check articles you have read: Why Are There Earthquakes? 197 words The Power of the Earth 221 words Big Waves! 188 words The Volcano That Keeps Erupting 228 words
More information22.5 Earthquakes. The tsunami triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake caused extensive damage to coastal areas in Southeast Asia.
The tsunami triggered by the 2004 Sumatra earthquake caused extensive damage to coastal areas in Southeast Asia. An earthquake is a movement of Earth s lithosphere that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere
More informationTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist
More informationAIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes?
Notepack # 11 November 8, 201 AIM: What are the features of Earthquakes and where are they located? Do Now: What are some words that are associated with earthquakes? What are Earthquakes? The shaking or
More informationConstructive & Destructive Forces
Constructive & Destructive Forces Intro: Constructive Forces Processes that create landforms. Destructive Forces Processes that destroy landforms. Intro: Constructive Forces Volcanoes Deposition Landslides
More information20.1 Earthquakes. Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Earthquakes and plate boundaries 500 UNIT 6 EARTH S STRUCTURE
Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES 20.1 Earthquakes In Chapter 19, you read about the San Andreas Fault, which lies along the California coast (Figure 20.1). This fault passes right through San Francisco
More informationHow to Use This Presentation
How to Use This Presentation To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select View on the menu bar and click on Slide Show. To advance through the presentation, click the right-arrow key or
More informationI. What are Earthquakes?
I. What are Earthquakes? A. There is more to earthquakes than just the shaking of the ground. An entire branch of Earth science, called seismology, is devoted to the study of earthquakes. B. Earthquakes
More information3/8/17. #20 - Landslides: Mitigation and Case Histories. Questions for Thought. Questions for Thought
#20 - Landslides: Mitigation and Case Histories Web Exercise #3 (Volcanoes) Due Wednesday There is a 2-point penalty for every day the assignment is late. Exam 1 Scores Scores and exam key are posted Vaiont
More informationMoho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle
Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic
More informationDangerous tsunami threat off U.S. West Coast
Earthquakes Ch. 12 Dangerous tsunami threat off U.S. West Coast Earthquakes What is an Earthquake? It s the shaking and trembling of the Earth s crust due to plate movement. The plates move, rocks along
More informationLecture notes Bill Engstrom: Instructor Earthquakes GLG 101 Physical Geology
Lecture notes Bill Engstrom: Instructor Earthquakes GLG 101 Physical Geology Now that we ve seen what faults are and how mountains are built, we can look at what happens when there is movement along those
More informationEarth s Changing Surface
Earth s Changing Surface Earthquakes and Volcanoes Key Concepts What causes earthquakes? What causes volcanoes to form? How do earthquakes and volcanoes change Earth s surface? What do you think? Read
More informationChapter 10 - Geology. Earth s Structure, Geologic Hazards, and Soils
Chapter 10 - Geology Earth s Structure, Geologic Hazards, and Soils Plate Tectonics Earth crust (or lithosphere) is broken up into plates that shift and slide around Asthenosphere (semi molten layer of
More informationSeismic Waves. 1. Seismic Deformation
Types of Waves 1. Seismic Deformation Seismic Waves When an earthquake fault ruptures, it causes two types of deformation: static; and dynamic. Static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground
More informationEarthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis
Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis A Reading A Z Level T Leveled Book Word Count: 1,449 LEVELED READER BOOK TA Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis Q T W Written by Elizabeth Austin Visit www.readinga-z.com
More information1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen
CHAPTER 12 1 How and Where Earthquakes Happen SECTION Earthquakes KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is elastic rebound? What are the similarities and differences between
More informationModule 7: Plate Tectonics and Earth's Structure Topic 4 Content : Earthquakes Presentation Notes. Earthquakes
Earthquakes 1 Topic 4 Content: Earthquakes Presentation Notes Earthquakes are vibrations within the Earth produced by the rapid release of energy from rocks that break under extreme stress. Earthquakes
More informationWe have previously looked at artificial seismograms such as this one here.
We have previously looked at artificial seismograms such as this one here. S P A realistic Seismic Record Each vertical line = 1 minute Each horizontal line = 15 minutes Seismic station PMM is in Parkfield,
More informationWhat is plate tectonics?
What is plate tectonics? The Earth is made up of four layers: inner core, outer core, mantle and crust (the outermost layer where we are!). The Earth s crust is made up of oceanic crust and continental
More informationWhat is an earthquake?
Earthquakes Definitions Seismology The study of earthquakes dates back almost 2000 years to the Chinese Fault A crack in the Earth along which movement or sliding occurs What is an earthquake? Focus vs.
More informationAn earthquake can cause:
Earthquakes An earthquake is a sudden rapid shaking of the earth. They are caused by the breaking and shifting of the rock beneath the earth s surface. Often found in conjunction with Plate tectonic boundaries.
More informationTectonic Processes and Hazards Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards?
Tectonic Processes and Hazards Enquiry Question 1: Why are some locations more at risk from tectonic hazards? Key words Basalt Andesite Rhyolite Benioff Zone Subduction zone Crustal fracturing Definition
More informationEarthquakes Modified
Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Modified Recall that the earth s crust is broken into large pieces called. These slowly moving plates each other, each other, or from each other. This causes much on the rocks.
More informationThe Importance of Mass Wasting
Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity Earth Chapter 15 Chapter 15 Mass Wasting The Importance of Mass Wasting Slopes are the most common elements in our physical landscape Slopes may appear to be stable, but
More information9/23/2013. Introduction CHAPTER 7 SLOPE PROCESSES, LANDSLIDES, AND SUBSIDENCE. Case History: La Conchita Landslide
Introduction CHAPTER 7 SLOPE PROCESSES, LANDSLIDES, AND SUBSIDENCE Landslide and other ground failures posting substantial damage and loss of life In U.S., average 25 50 deaths; damage more than $3.5 billion
More informationGEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 13
UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 13 Earthquakes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Three different types of seismic waves are recorded by seismographs Key Figure
More informationwater erosion lithosphere Describe the process of erosion and deposition. chemical weathering Dissolving limestone is an example of.
At one time, there was one large island off the coast of Mississippi and now it is two separate islands. What caused the island to be split into two? water erosion The crust and the top part of the upper
More informationChapter 18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages
Chapter 18 Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages Alpine/Valley Glaciers on Mt. Rainier, WA Types of Glaciers Continental Ice Sheet Unconfined, blankets topography, large. Modern Ex: Antarctica, Greenland
More informationLevel 1/Level 2 Certificate Specimen Paper
Centre Number Surname Other Names Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Examiner s Initials Candidate Signature Geography 8031/1 Dynamic Physical World For this paper you must have: the colour insert (enclosed).
More informationEarthquakes. These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page.
Earthquakes These icons indicate that teacher s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page. This icon indicates the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not
More informationLiquefaction and Foundations
Liquefaction and Foundations Amit Prashant Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Short Course on Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 26 30 November, 2012 What is Liquefaction? Liquefaction
More informationRapid Changes on Earth: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Landslides. Chapter 6 Study Guide
Rapid Changes on Earth: Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Landslides Chapter 6 Study Guide Magma is 1. The point underground where an earthquake starts. 2. Molten rock beneath the Earth s surface. 3. Molten rock
More informationPhysical Geography. Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Volcanism. Chapter 12 GEOGRAPHY Earthquakes and Volcanoes. What are Earthquakes?
Physical Geography GEOGRAPHY 1710 DAVID R. SALLEE Tectonics, Earthquakes, and Chapter 12 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes? The shaking or trembling caused by the sudden release of energy Usually associated
More informationLecture 9 faults, folds and mountain building
Lecture 9 faults, folds and mountain building Rock deformation Deformation = all changes in size, shape, orientation, or position of a rock mass Structural geology is the study of rock deformation Deformation
More informationStudy of the liquefaction phenomenon due to an earthquake: case study of Urayasu city
Disaster Management and Human Health Risk III 311 Study of the liquefaction phenomenon due to an earthquake: case study of Urayasu city S. Kamao 1, M. Takezawa 1, K. Yamada 1, S. Jinno 1, T. Shinoda 1
More informationThe nature of seismicity: forms and causes Hazards
The nature of seismicity: forms and causes 3.1.5.4 Hazards What you need to know The nature of seismicity and its relation to plate tectonics. Forms of seismic hazard including earthquakes, shockwaves,
More informationFaults, folds and mountain building
Faults, folds and mountain building Mountain belts Deformation Orogens (Oro = Greek all changes for mountain, in size, shape, genesis orientation, = Greek for or formation) position of a rock mass Structural
More information