CHENDU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SUB CODE & SUB NAME : CE6404 SURVEYING II UNIT I CONTROL SURVEYING PART A (2 MARKS) 1. What is the main principle involved in triangulation? (Nov/Dec 2013) 2. Briefly write on the Effect of curvature of earth 3. What is meant by phase of a signal? ( Nov/Dec 2012)(Nov/Dec 2013) 4. What do you understand by eccentricity of signal? 5. What is the object of geodetic surveying? (Nov/Dec 2013) 6. What do you mean by a well-conditioned triangle? (May/Jun 2011) 7. Give the specification of first order triangulation. 8. Name the different corrections to be applied to the length of a base line. 9.Triangulation networks for covering a large area are composed of any one or a combination of basic figures arranged as a series of chains or a connected centralized network. Enumerate any two such arrangements. (May/Jun 2012) 10. List any four corrections that may be necessary when measuring the length of a baseline. 11. What is meant by control surveying? (Nov/Dec 2010) 12. What is satellite station and reduction to center? 13. What do you understand by eccentricity of signal? (Nov/Dec 2011) 14. What is meant by third order or tertiary triangulation? 15. Explain the terms true error and most probable error. (Nov/Dec 2012) 16. Name two groups of people involved in the measuring the base line. 17. Enlist the types of signals used in triangulation. (May/Jun 2010) 18. What are the corrections to be applied for terrestrial refraction in geodetic surveying? 19. Give the classification of triangulation system. (May/Jun 2009) 20. List the equipments used for measurement of base line. 21. write short notes on correction? (May/Jun 2008) 22.explain signals? 23.write short notes on control surveying? 24.what is meant by triangulations? 25.write short notes on geodetic surveying? PART B ( 16 MARKS) 1. The following observations were made in a trigonometric leveling : Height of Instrument at S = 1.180 m Height of signal at G = 4.220 m Horizontal distance between G and S = 6945 m Co-efficient of refraction = 0.07 Angle of depression to G at S = 1 45 32 R sin i = 30.88 m. If RL of S is 345.32 m. Calculate RL of G. (May/Jun 2013) 2. The following reciprocal observations were made at two points M and N. Angle of depression of N at M = 0 7 35 Angle of depression of M at N = 0 9 05 Take R sin 1 = 30.880 m.
Height of signal at N = 3.950 m Height of instrument at M = 1.150 m Height of instrument at N = 1.280 m Distance between M and N = 36320 m. Calculate: i)the R. L. of N if that of M is 395.460 m ii) The average Co-efficient of refraction at the time of observation. Height of signal at M = 4.820 m (May/Jun 2012) 3. What is meant by a satellite station and reduction to centre? Derive the expression for reducing the angles measured at the satellite station to centre. 4. The following observations were made on a satellite station S to determine angle BAC. Calculate the angle BAC. (May/Jun 2011) Line Length Line Bearing SA 9.500 m SA 0 00' 00" AB 2950 m SB 78 46' 00" AC 3525 m SC 100 15' 00" 5. How do you determine the intervisibility of triangulation station? 6. The elevation of two triangulation stations A and B 150 km apart are 250 m and 1050 m above required at B, so that it is visible from the ground station A. and 550 m respectively. The distance AC = 50 km and AD = 85 km. design a suitable signal MSL. The elevation of two peaks C and D on the profile between satellite stations are 300 m (May/Jun 2010) 7. After measuring the length of a baseline, the correct length of the line is computed by applying various applicable corrections. Discuss the following corrections and provide expressions for i) Correction for temperature. ii) Correction for pull. iii) Correction for sag. (May/Jun 2009) 8. From an eccentric station S, 12.25 m to the west of the main station B, the following angles were measured. Angle of BSA = 76 25' 32" the length AB and BC are 5286.5 m and 4932.2 m respectively. The stations S and C are to the oppose sides of the line AB. Calculate the correct angle ABC if Angle of CSA = 54 32' 20" (Nov/Dec 2013) 9. A steel tape 20 m long standardized at 55 F with a pull of 98.1 N was used for measuring baseline. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the time of measurement was 80 F and the pull exerted was 156.96 N. Weight of 1 cubic meter of steel = 77107 N. weight of F = 6.2 x 10-6. tape = 7.85 N and E = 2.05 x 106 N/mm2. Coefficient of linear expansion of tape per degree (Nov/Dec 2008) 10. Explain the criterion of strength of a figure with reference to a well conditioned triangle. 11. A tape 20 m long of standard length at 290C was used to measure a line, the mean temperature degree F. the measured distance was 882.10 m, the following being the slopes: 2o 20 for 100 m; 4o 12 for 150 m; 1o 06 for 50 m; 7o 48 for 200 m; 3o 00 for 300 m;5 o 10 for 82.10 m. find the true length of the line if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x 10-6 per during measurement being 190C. 12. Write short notes on: (Nov/Dec 2009)
i) Opaque signals. ii) Selection of site for base line. iii) Satellite station iv) Weight of an observation. 13. Explain with reference to signals, Non-luminous, luminous and night signals, and phase of signals. 14. What are the different methods by which the difference in elevation could be determined? Name the corrections to be applied. 15. Write short notes on : (Nov/Dec 2010) i) Selection of site for Base line. ii) Satellite station. UNIT 2 SURVEY ADJUSTMENTS PART A 2 MARKS 1.Why is an anallatic lens provided in tachometer? (Nov/Dec 2011) 2.What are the multiplying constant and additive constant of a tachometer? 3.Consider the horizontal distance equation D = KS + C. what are represented by K, S and C. Enumerate the errors caused due to manipulation and sighting in tachometric surveying. (Nov/Dec 2011) 5.What are the different systems of tachometric survey? 6.What is a base net? 7.Define Stadiadiagrams.Nov /De2008 8.Write any two advantages of tachometric surveying 9.What is a tachometer? May/Jun 2008 10.What is parallax? How it can be eliminated? 11.State the uses of tachometry. May/Jun 2009 12.What is sub tense bar? What are its advantages? 13. What are the three types of telescope used in stadia surveying? May/Jun 2010 14. What is the difference between staff intercept and stadia intercept? 15.Compare tangential and stadia method. 16.What is the difference between a theodolite and tachometer? 17.What is tangential tachometry? 18.The readings on a staff held vertically 60 m from a tachometer were 1.460 and 2.055. The line of sight was horizontal. The focal length of the objective lens was 24 cm and the distance from the objective lens to the vertical axis was 15 cm. Calculate the stadia interval. 19. List merits and demerits of movable hair method in tachometric survey. 20. Write a note on Accidental Errors. 21.Give any four random errors occur in linear measurements. 22.Define conditioned quantity. 23.What is meant by weight of an observation? 24.Differentiate most probable error from residual error. May/jun 2009 25.Distinguish between true error and residual error. PART B (16 MARKS)
1.What do you mean by figure adjustment in triangulation?may/jun 2008 2.Distinguish between the observed value and the most probable value of a quantity. 3.The following are the observed values of the angle A with the corresponding weights. (i) 51 20 30 Weight 2 ii) 51 20 28 Weight 3 (iii) 51 20 29 Weight 2. Determine: Nov/Dec 2008 (1) the standard deviation (2) the standard error of the weighted mean (3) the probable error of single observation of weight 3 4. Find the most probable values of the following angles closing the horizontal at a station P = 45 23 37 Weight = 1 Q = 75 37 15 Weight = 2 R = 125 21 21 Weight = 3 S = 113 37 59 Weight = 3. May/Jun 2009 5. What do you understand by the terms station adjustment and figure adjustment and also explain the method of adjustment by least squares 6. The angles of a triangle ABC recorded were as follows: Inst station Angle Weight A 77 14' 20" 4 B 49 40' 35" 3 C 53 04' 53" 2 Give the corrected values of the angles. Nov/Dec 2009 7. What is meant by weight of an observation and enumerate laws of weights giving examples. 8. The following are the observed values of an angle Angle Weight 18 09' 18" 2 18 09' 20" 3 18 09' 19" 2 Determine probable error of observation of weight 3 and that of the weighted arithmetic mean. 9. Find the most probable values of the angles A, B, C from the following observations at a station P. Angle Weight A = 38 25' 20" Weight 1 B = 32 36' 12" Weight 1 A+B = 71 01' 29" Weight 2 B+C = 80 45' 28" Weight 1 A+B+C = 119 10' Weight 2 43" 10. Explain the laws of accidental errors. 11.i) Form the normal equations for x, y and z in the following equation of equal weight:
3x + 3y + z 4 = 0 x, y and z. 5x + y + 4z 21 = 0 ii) If the weights of the above equation are 2, 3 and 1 respectively form the normal equations for x + 2y + 2z 6 = 0 12. What is meant by triangulation adjustment? Explain the different conditions and cases with SketcheS. 13. Give the general rules for the adjustments of a geodetic triangle. 14. Explain the laws of weight. Nov/Dec 2013 15. How will you obtain error from direct observations of unequal weights on a single quantity? UNIT -III TOTAL STATION SURVEYING PART A (2 MARKS) 1. Define Celestial Horizon. 2. What is meant by solar Apparent Time? 3. What is equation of time? 4. Distinguish between latitude and co-latitude. 5. Distinguish between the Zenith and Nadir. 6. Differentiate Tropic of cancer from Tropic of Capricorn. 7. Explain the term sidereal time. 8. What is the correction for parallax when the altitude of celestial body is observed? 9. Define the right ascension (R.A). 10. Enumerate the properties of a spherical triangle. Distinguish between sidereal time and standard time. 11. What is Latitude and Longitude? 12. What are the types of night signals to be used in triangulation survey? 13. Give the relationship for conversion of sidereal time to mean time. 14. Describe nautical almanac. 15. What is the relation between the Right ascension and Hour Angle? 16. Define celestial sphere and azimuth axis. 17. Define Celestial Horizon. 18. What is meant by solar Apparent Time? 19.What is equation of time? 20.Distinguish between latitude and co-latitude. 21.Distinguish between the Zenith and Nadir. 22.Differentiate Tropic of cancer from Tropic of Capricorn. 23.Explain the term sidereal time. 24.What is the correction for parallax when the altitude of celestial body is observed? PART B (16 MARKS) 1.Briefly explain Latitude by Prime Vertical transit and the effect of errors. 2.At a point in latitude 55 46 12 N, the altitude of sun s centre was found to be 23 17 32 at 5h 17m,P.M. (G.M.T.) The horizontal angle at the R.M. and Sun s centre was 68 24 30. Find the azimuthof the sun. Data: Sun s declination of G.A.N. on day of observation = 170 46 52 N Equation of time (App. Mean) = 6 0 (IRSE). m
Refraction of altitude 23 20 00 = 0 2 12 Parallax for altitude = 0 0 8 Variation of declination per hour = 37 3. Find the latitude of the place from the following data : Longitude of the place, 108 30 00 W Altitude of Sun s upper limb 42 12 40 L.M.T. of observation: 2 50 P.M. Date of observation: Dec 15, 1947 Sun s declination at 0 hour on Dec. 15, 1947: 23o 12 18.6 Sun s declination at 0 hour on Dec. 15, 1947 Equation of time at O on Dec. 15 = + 6m 18.5s, decreasing at 1.2s per hour. Sun s semi diameter = 0 15 16.4. 4. What is the equation of time? Show that it vanishes four times a year. 5. Determine the hour angle and declination of star from the following data: Altitude of star = 22 30' Azimuth of the star = 145 E Latitude of the observer = 49 N. 6. What are parallax and refraction and how do they affect the measurements of vertical angles in astronomical work? 7. If the GST of GMN is 13h 29m 28s, what will be the HA of the star of RA 22h 19m 20s at a place in longitude 120 32' W at 2.10 AM, GMT the same day. 8. Describe the Napier s rules of circular parts in obtaining the solution of right angle spherical triangle. 9. Find the shortest distance between two places A and B, given that the latitudes of A and B are 15 00' N and 12 06' N and their longitudes are 50 12' E and 54 00' E respectively. Find also the directions of B on the great circle route. Radius of the earth = 6370 km. 10. Write a detailed note: i)sid ereal time ii) Solar apparent time. 11. The following observations of the sun were taken for azimuth of a line in connection with a survey. Determine the azimuth of the line. Mean hour angle between sun and referring object = 18 20' 30" Mean corrected altitude = 33 35' 10" Declination of the Nautical Almanac = + 22 05' 36" Latitude of the place = 52 30' 20" Mean time = 16h 30m 12. Explain the three systems of coordinates by which the position of a heavenly body can be specifies. 13. Write the procedure for determination of true meridian. 14. Explain about Mean solar time and Standard time system. 15. Explain about astronomical correction and instrumental correction to be observed altitude and azimuth.
UNIT IV GPS SURVEYING PART A (2 MARKS) 1. What is the basic principles of GPS? 2. What are the classifications of GPS? 3. Write short notes on different segments? 4. Explain: space 5. Write short notes on space segments? 6. Write short notes on control segments? 7. Write short notes on user segments? 8. What are the types of segments? 9. What is satellite? 10. Explain, infrared GPS? 11. What is signal? 12. What is signal structures? 13. Write short notes on orbit? 14. Explain portable GPS? 15. How does GPS work? 16. What is IS 95? 17. What is NMEA 2000? 18. What is NMEA 0183? 19. What is interagency GPS executive board? 20. What is GPS modernization? 21. What is GPS? 22. Write short note on geodetic surveying? 23. What are the advantage of GPS surveying? 24. Write short notes on data processing? 25. Explain :triangulation? 16 MARKS 1. Briefly explain fundamentals of GPS surveying? 2. Write about electro- optical system? 3. What is total station, briefly explain? 4. Write on notes on infrared GPS? Briefly Explain. 5. Write about briefly explain signal? 6. Explain signal structures? Briefly 7. Write short notes on orbit? 8. Explain portable GPS and advantages? 9. How does GPS work? Explain 10. What is IS 95? Explain 11. What is NMEA 2000?Explain 12. What is NMEA 0183?Explain 13. What is interagency GPS executive board? Explain. 14. How to you understand from GPS modernization? Explain. 15. What is GPS normalization? Explain. UNIT 5 HYDROGRAPHIC AND ADVANCE SURVEYING PART A ( 2 MARKS) 1. What do you understand by hydrographic surveying? Nov/Dec 2013 2. What is meant by soundings? 3. What do you understand by parallax? Nov/Dec 2012 4. Distinguish between crab and drift. 5. What do you mean by sounding?
6. Distinguish between terrestrial photogrammetry and aerial photogrammetry. 7. What is meant by scale of a photograph? Nov/Dec 2011 8. Write the concept of map marking in cartography? 9. What is a fathometer? 10. Differentiate between tilted photograph and oblique photograph. 11. What are the equipments used for sounding? 12. Distinguish between crab and drift. Nov/Dec 2010 13. What is meant by three point problem in hydrographic surveying? 14. Explain the term Cartography. Nov/Dec 2009 15. What are lunar and solar ides? 16. List two characters of contour lines. 17. State the principle of EDM. Nov/Dec 2008 18. Define tilt displacement. 19. Name the different equipments needed for soundings. 20. What are the applications of photogrammetry? 21. Explain : Scale of a vertical photograph. May/Jun 2009 22.write short notes on Relief displacement on a vertical photograph.? 23. List the different methods of locating soundings. 24. What is a three point problem in hydrographic surveying? May/Jun 2008 25. Explain the different methods of prediction of tides. PART B ( 16 MARKS) 1. Explain Direction and velocity of current by floats using three methods. May/Jun 2012 2. Explain the location of floats with two theodolite method. May/Jun 2009 3. Explain Tilt distortion with neat sketch in photographic method. May/Jun 2011 4. Write in detail about the methods of locating soundings. May/Jun 2008 5. Derive the parallax equation for determining the height from a pair of vertical photographs 6. Two ground points A and B appear on a pair of overlapping photographs which have been taken 7. from a height of 3600 m above the mean sea level. The base line as measured on the two 8. photographs is 89.5 mm and 90.5 mm respectively. The mean parallax bar readings for A and B 79.32 mm and 30.82 mm. if the elevation of A above the mean sea level is 230.35 m, compute the elevation of B. May/Jun 2010 9. Describe the following methods of locating soundings: i)by range and one angle on the shore. ii) By one angle from shore and one angle from the boat. iii) By intersecting ranges. iv) By time intervals of the survey vessel. 11. Explain the following: i)scale of a vertical photograph. ii) Relief displacement on a vertical photograph. 12. A section line AB appears to be 10.16 cm on a photograph for which the focal length is 16 cm.aircraft, above mean sea level, when the photograph was taken has an average elevation of 200 m above mean sea level, Calculate the flying altitude of the The corresponding line measures cm on a map which is to a scale 1/50,000. 13. List the different methods of locating soundings. Explain any two methods 14. What is a three point problem in hydrographic surveying? What are the various solutions for the problem? Explain in detail. May/Jun 2009 15. Explain the principle underlying Electronic Distance Measurement. Write a note on errors in EDM. May/Jun 2008