Your opportunity to be part of the future! Pacengo del Garda, Verona, Italy October 19-20, 2015 Numerical modeling for geological reservoir characterization Colucci F, Moia F., Guandalini R., Agate G. Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico - RSE SpA (Milano)
Agenda - Numerical modeling of geological reservoirs: an essential tool - The methodology to carry out a good 3D model of a reservoir - GeoSIAM: Integrated System for GeoModeling Analyses - GeoSIAM applications: 1. geothermal field of Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 2. CO 2 geological storage in an off-shore reservoir - Pesaro Mare - Conclusion 2
The numerical modeling of geological reservoirs The numerical simulation is essential for the evaluation of energy production involving geological reservoirs, such as geothermal field exploitation, CO 2 and natural gas storage and compressed air energy storage. The numerical simulation allows to verify the technical feasibility, safety and sustainability of the processes involved both in the short and long period. The Integrated System for GeoModeling Analyses GeoSIAM has been developed by RSE with the aim of supporting the user for all the modeling tasks 3
The methodology to carry out a 3D model 1. creation of an accurate static geological model 2. creation of a 3D mesh having a spatial discretization able to describe the geological structures (e.g. faults) and the injection/extraction structures (wells) 3. merging of the static geological model and the spatial mesh in order to attribute the thermo-physical properties of geological formations 4. assignment of proper boundary conditions and physical constraints Need of different software tools properly connected 4
GeoSIAM: Integrated System for GeoModeling Analyses - is an integrated modular software available for the most common platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix) - is based on portability, flexibility and ease-to-use criteria - use mainly OpenSource basic modules and auxiliary tools (as ParaView for post-processing analysis) - can import already available models from commercial tools (e.g. Petrel) or link proprietary software - the fluid dynamic module is based on a deep revision of Tough2 and a new module for a better 3D mesh generation - MethodsRdS - is available with free license 5
GeoSIAM: Integrated System for GeoModeling Analyses The automatic connecting structure 6
GeoSIAM applications Geothermal field 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 2. Monte Amiata * 3. Latera * 4. Lucignano * 4. 2. 1. 3. 7
GeoSIAM applications Geothermal field 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 2. Monte Amiata * 3. Latera * 4. Lucignano * 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CO 2 geological storage 1. Lombardy area (4 structure) 2. 1. 2. Offshore Alto Adriatico 3. Pesaro Mare structure 4. Cornelia stucture 5. Offshore Marchigiano 7. 3. 6. 6. Offshore Calabria Ionica 7. Sulcis Area 8
GeoSIAM applications Geothermal field Hydrocarbon reservoir 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 1. Santa Maria Mare * 2. Monte Amiata * 3. Latera * 4. Lucignano * 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. CO 2 geological storage 1. Lombardy area (4 structure) 1. 2. 1. 2. Offshore Alto Adriatico 3. Pesaro Mare structure 3. 6. 4. Cornelia stucture 5. Offshore Marchigiano 7. 6. Offshore Calabria Ionica 7. Sulcis Area 9
GeoSIAM applications Geothermal field 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 2. Monte Amiata * 3. Latera * 4. Lucignano * CO 2 geological storage 1. Lombardy area (4 structure) 2. Offshore Alto Adriatico 3. Pesaro Mare structure 4. Cornelia stucture 5. Offshore Marchigiano 6. Offshore Calabria Ionica 7. Sulcis Area Hydrocarbon reservoir 1. Santa Maria Mare * 4. 1. 2. Natural gas storage 4. 1. Lombardy reservoir 3. 5. (virtual) 7. 1. 2. * In progress 3. 1. 6. 10
GeoSIAM applications Geothermal field 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina 2. Monte Amiata * 3. Latera * 4. Lucignano * CO 2 geological storage 1. Lombardy area (4 structure) 2. Offshore Alto Adriatico 3. Pesaro Mare structure 4. Cornelia stucture 5. Offshore Marchigiano 6. Offshore Calabria Ionica 7. Sulcis Area Hydrocarbon reservoir 1. Santa Maria Mare * 4. 1. 2. Natural gas storage 4. 1. Lombardy reservoir 3. 5. (virtual) 7. 1. 2. * In progress 3. 1. 6. 11
GeoSIAM applications Sample 1: geothermal field of Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina - close to Bolsena Lake, between Lazio and Umbria regions - extension of more than 100 km 2 - Feasibility study for a 5 Mwe pilot plant project that is based on binary ORC technology, designed for about zero emission and total fluid re-injection in the same original reservoir Stratigraphic succession - Volcanic Complex - Neoautochthonous Complex: Miocene-Pliocene; clayey/sandy and conglomeratic - Liguride Complex: Cretaceous-Eocene; flysch and shales - Tuscan Complex: Cretaceous-Triassic; mainly carbonates. It is the geothermal reservoir. T= 125-150 C - Metamorphic rocks: Trias-Paleozoico 12
Depth (m) www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Available data: - data from drilled wells Earth reference gradient Temperature ( C) 13
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Available data: - data from drilled wells - geological maps and sections 14
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Available data: - data from drilled wells - geological maps and sections - isobaths maps for top of geological formations Top of Tuscan Complex 15
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Available data: - data from drilled wells - geological maps and sections - isobaths maps for top of geological formations Top of Tuscan Complex The study has been carried out through three subsequent tasks: 1. creation of the static geological model and the 3D numerical model 2. simulation of the natural initial state of the geothermal field 3. simulation of different scenarios for production/re-injection of fluids The state module (EOS2) chosen can treat hot water, steam and high level of CO 2 16
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Static geological model Top Neoautochthonous complex 17
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Static geological model Top Neoautochthonous complex Top Ligurian complex 18
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Static geological model Top Neoautochthonous Ligurian Toscan complex complex 19
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Static geological model Volcanic complex Neoautochthonous complex Ligurian complex Tuscan complex Carbonates 600 Top complex TopNeoautochthonous Ligurian complex Toscan complex International CAE Conference -4500 19-20 October 2015 20
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) 3D simulation model Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Geological formations Density Porosity Permeability Compressibility Conductivity Specific heat (-) (kg/m³) (%) (m²) (Pa -1 ) (W/m C) (J/kg C) Volcanic complex 2200 5 6*10-13 3.7*10-10 2 1000 Neoautochthonous complex 2400 30 1*10-17 1.5*10-9 2.4 1000 Liguride complex 2400 0.55 1*10-18 5*10-9 2.4 883 Scaglia Toscana 2400 1 1*10-15 1.2*10-10 2.1 1000 Carbonates 2660 6 1*10-14 2.5*10-10 2.4 836 21
Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Temperature gradient trend Heating transient years Heat flux= 1.85*10 7 J/s 22
Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Temperature Pressure gradient trend Heating transient years Heat flux= 1.85*10 7 J/s 23
Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Temperature Pressure gradient trend Heating transient years Heat flux= 1.85*10 7 J/s 24
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Temperature gradient trend trend Pressure gradient Heating transient Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Heat flux= 1.85*107 J/s years International CAE Conference 19-20 October 2015 25
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Temperature gradient trend trend Pressure gradient Heating transient Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Heat flux= 1.85*107 J/s years International CAE Conference 19-20 October 2015 26
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Temperature gradient trend trend Pressure gradient Heating transient Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Heat flux= 1.85*107 J/s years International CAE Conference 19-20 October 2015 27
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Temperature gradient trend trend Pressure gradient Heating transient The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Heat flux= 1.85*107 J/s Time: 1000000.00 years International CAE Conference 19-20 October 2015 28
www.caeconference.com Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Elements: 23700 Nodes: 48236 Layers: 30 Temperature gradienttrend trend Pressure Pressuregradient gradient trend Heating transient The surface has been constrained to 15 C and 1 bar Heat flux= 1.85*107 J/s Time: 1000000.00 years International CAE Conference 19-20 October 2015 29
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Comparison simulated and measured temperature Simulated value Measured value Simulated value Measured value 30
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Comparison simulated and measured temperature Simulated value Measured value Simulated value Measured value Simulated value Measured value 31
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Simulation of production/re-injection scenarios 5 production wells and 4 re-injection wells have been modeled Production wells Re-injection wells Scenarios Productioned time (y) Simulated time (y) Total flow (ton/h) Active length (m) Scenario #1 50 10000 1050 300 Scenario #2 50 10000 1050 500 Scenario #3 50 50 2100 500 32
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Scenario #2 Simulation of production/re-injection scenarios Production wells Re-injection wells Time: 0.0 Production wells Re-injection wells Time: 0.0 33
Sample 1: Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina (geothermal field) Scenario #2 Simulation of production/re-injection scenarios Production wells Re-injection wells Production wells: Depressurization of 7 bar (~3.3% of initial value) Re-injection wells: Overpressure of 5.5 bar (~2% of initial value) Time: 50.0 Production wells Re-injection wells Production wells: Temperature increase < 1 C Re-injection wells: Temperature decrease because the re-injection temperature is 80 C Time: Time: 50.0 34
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir - Pesaro Mare is located in the north-central area of the Adriatic Sea between Ancona, Pesaro and Urbino provinces 35
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir - Pesaro Mare is located in the north-central area of the Adriatic Sea between Ancona, Pesaro and Urbino provinces Isobaths top reservoir - The structure is an anticline with the eastern flank faulted - The sedimentary sequence consists of the Umbro- Marchigiana series. The potential reservoir has been identified in carbonate formations known as Calcare Massiccio (Jurassic) Pesaro Mare 004 36
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations 37
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations 38
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations Calcare massiccio 39
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations Marne a Fucoidi Calcare massiccio 40
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations Gruppo di Gallare Marne a Fucoidi Calcare massiccio 41
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations Gruppo di Gallare Marne a Fucoidi Calcare massiccio 42
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Formations Gruppo di Gallare Marne a Fucoidi Calcare massiccio Geological formations Density Porosity Permeability Compressibility (-) (kg/m³) (%) (m²) (Pa -1 ) Quaternary deposits 1600 30 1.0E-12 1.0E-10 Clay deposits 2000 6 1.0E-17 8.3E-11 Gruppo di Gallare 2200 10 1.0E-16 1.7E-12 Scaglia Calcarea 2400 15 1.0E-13 2.5E-12 Marne a fucoidi 2500 7 1.0E-16 2.4E-12 Calcare dolomitizzato 2600 12 1.0E-13 2.3E-12 43
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 44
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 45
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 46
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 - After 30 years the two plumes don t intersect 47
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 - After 30 years the two plumes don t intersect - After 50 years the two plumes don t intersect but are very close 48
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 - After 30 years the two plumes don t intersect - After 50 years the two plumes don t intersect but are very close 49
GeoSIAM applications Sample 2: CO 2 storage in an off-shore reservoir (Pesaro Mare) Scenarios Number of well Flow rate (Mton/y) Active length (m) Scenario #1 1 1 100 Scenario #2 1 0.5 100 - Injection time: 30 years - Simulated time: 100 years Scenario #3 2 0.5 each well 100 - After 30 years the two plumes don t intersect - After 50 years the two plumes don t intersect but are very close At 30 years ΔP MAX = 3.4 bar increase from initial pressure equal 1.5% within security limit fixed to 10% 50
Conclusion - GeoSIAM is a powerful tool to support numerical simulations in all the energy production aspects involving geologic reservoirs - Accurate 3D numerical model has been realized for two areas: 1. Castel Giorgio Torre Alfina in order to verify the sustainability for geothermal electric production by a 5 MWe nominal power pilot plant. The over pressure field around the re-injection wells is limited to 2% of pre-existing one therefore the production sustainability is guaranteed for all the period. 2. Pesaro Mare in order to verify the feasibility for CO 2 geological storage. The safety is guaranteed by the low over pressure generated around the injection wells that is limited to 1.5% of pre-existing one. The methodology implemented by GeoSIAM allows to perform geological reservoir characterizations with an high level of accuracy, saving time and reducing errors. 51
Thanks for your attention Francesca Colucci francesca.colucci@rse-web.it http://www.rse-web.it Acknowledgments This work has been financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE S.p.A. and the Ministry of Economic Development - General Directorate for Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, stipulated on July 29, 2009, in compliance with the Decree of November 11, 2012. 52