Lecture 27 Bipolar Junction Transistors

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Lecture 27 polar Juncton Transstors ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

polar Juncton Transstors 1. Understand bpolar juncton transstor operaton n amplfer crcuts. 2. Analyze smple amplfers usng the load-lne technque and understand the causes of nonlnear dstorton. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Tubes ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Deforest s Audon ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Trode Tube ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ardeen, rttan and Shockley Dscoery of the transstor n 1947 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Frst Transstor ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Intal Demonstraton of Sold State Amplfcaton ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Frst Integrated rcut (I) Jack Klby at Texas Instruments (1958) ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Early Integrated rcut (I) ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

hp Eoluton ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

NPN and PNP polar Juncton Transstors (JT) http://www.mtm.u.lt/pfk/funkc_darna/transstor/bpolar_transstor.htm ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

NPN polar Juncton Transstor ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

as ondtons for PN Junctons The base emtter p-n juncton of an npn transstor s normally forward based The base collector p-n juncton of an npn transstor s normally reerse based ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

as ondtons for NPN Junctons http://www.mtm.u.lt/pfk/funkc_darna/transstor/bpolar_transstor.htm ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

as ondtons for NPN Junctons http://www.mtm.u.lt/pfk/funkc_darna/transstor/bpolar_transstor.htm ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

as ondtons for NPN Junctons http://www.mtm.u.lt/pfk/funkc_darna/transstor/bpolar_transstor.htm ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

as ondtons for NPN Junctons http://www.mtm.u.lt/pfk/funkc_darna/transstor/bpolar_transstor.htm ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Equatons of Operaton E E I ES exp 1 VT From Krchoff s current law: + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Equatons of Operaton Defne α as the rato of collector current to emtter current: α Values for α range from 0.9 to 0.999 wth 0.99 beng typcal. Snce: + 0.99 + 0. 01 E Most of the emtter current comes from the collector and ery lttle ( 1%) from the base. E E E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. Equatons of Operaton 1 exp T E ES V α I 1 exp T E ES E V I E α

ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. 1 exp ) (1 T E ES V I α ) (1 1 α + E E E E E Equatons of Operaton

Equatons of Operaton Defne β as the rato of collector current to base current: β α 1 α Values for β range from about 10 to 1,000 wth a common alue beng β 100. The collector current s an amplfed erson of the base current. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. β

ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. Equatons of Operaton 1 exp T E ES E V I 1 exp T E ES V I α 99 0. E α 1 exp ) (1 T E ES V I α β 100 1 α α β

The base regon s ery thn Only a small fracton of the emtter current flows nto the base proded that the collector-base juncton s reerse based and the base-emtter juncton s forward based. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.1 A certan transstor has β 50, I ES 10-14 A, E 5 V, and E 10 ma. Assume V T 0.026 V. Fnd E,,, and α. E E I ES V α T E exp V E β ln I E ES E E β 50 α 0.980 β + 1 51 T 9.80mA 9.80mA 50 1 For operaton wth 2 10 26 mv ln 718.4 mv 14 10 0.718V 5V 4.282V 196μA exp V ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. E >> I ES E I ES E T

Exercse 13.2 ompute the correspondng alues of β f α 0.9, 0.99 and 0.999 β α 1 α 0.9 1 0.9 0.99 1 0.99 0.999 1 0.999 β 0.9 β 0.99 9 β 0.999 99 999 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.3 A certan transstor operated wth forward bas of the base-emtter juncton and reerse bas of the base-collector juncton has 9.5 ma and E 10 ma. Fnd the alue of, α and β. α β E E 0.5mA 9.5mA 0.95 10mA 19 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ommon-emtter haracterstcs E f E > E E E < 0 reerse bas ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ommon-emtter Input haracterstcs E (1 α) I ES exp 1 VT ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ommon-emtter Output haracterstcs β for β 100 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Amplfcaton by the JT A small change n E results n a large change n f the base emtter s forward based. Proded E s more than a few tenth s of a olt, ths change n results n a larger change n snce β. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ommon-emtter Amplfer ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Load-Lne Analyss of a ommon Emtter Amplfer (Input rcut) ( t) R ( t) ( t) V + + n E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Load-Lne Analyss of a ommon Emtter Amplfer (Output rcut) V R + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Inertng Amplfer As n (t) goes poste, the load lne moes upward and to the rght, and the alue of ncreases. Ths causes the operatng pont on the output to moe upwards, decreasng E An ncrease n n (t) results n a much larger decrease n E so that the common emtter amplfer s an nertng amplfer ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V Q 25 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ 1.6 1.6V 40μA 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E

Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V max 35 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n + 0.4 E 0.4 E E 2 2V 50μA 40kΩ

Load-Lne Analyss of JT Assume V 10V V 1.6V mn 15 μa R 40 kω R 2 kω V n 0.4sn(ωt) V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) n n 40kΩ + E 0.4 E 0.4 E 1.2 1.2V 40kΩ 30μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Load-Lne Analyss of JT Q 25 μa mn 15 μa max 35 μa V EQ 5V EQ 2.5 ma V EQ 5V V Emn 3V V Emax 7V 10 2k Ω + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Load-Lne Analyss of JT Voltage waeforms for the common emtter amplfer. The gan s -5 (nertng). ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

lppng When becomes zero, we say that the transstor s cutoff. When E 0.2 V, we say that the transstor s n saturaton. Amplfcaton occurs n the acte regon. lppng occurs n the saturaton or cutoff regons. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

lppng ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ Q 25μA V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ 1.6 1.6V 40μA 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E

Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ 45 μa max V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n + 0.8 E 0.8 E E 2.4 2.4V 60μA 40kΩ

Exercse 13.5 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) Fnd V and V E E mn max,v EQ 5 μa mn V 1.6 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n + E 0.8 E 0.8 E 0.8 0.8V 20μA 40kΩ

Exercse 13.5 Q 25μA V E Q 5V Q 2.5mA mn max 5μA 45μA V V E E max mn 9V 1V mn max 0.5mA 4.5mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) V Q 15μA 1. 2V V 1.2 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ 1.2 1.2V 40kΩ 30μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n 0 + E 0 E E

Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) 35 μa V max 1. 2V V 1.2 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) 40kΩ ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. n n + 0.8 E 0.8 E E 2 2V 50μA 40kΩ

Exercse 13.6 n ( t) 0.8sn( ωt) 1 μa V mn 1. 2V V 1.2 + E + 0 n n and 0 and ( t) R ( t) + ( t) n n 40kΩ + E 0.8 E 0.8 E 0.4 0.4V 40kΩ 10μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.6 Q 15μA V E Q 7V Q 1.5mA mn max 1μA 35μA V V E E max mn 9.8V 3V mn max 1.0mA 3.5mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

PNP polar Juncton Transstor Except for reersal of current drectons and oltage polartes, the pnp JT s almost dentcal to the npn JT. ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

PNP polar Juncton Transstor E α β E (1 α) + E ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. ommon-emtter haracterstcs for a PNP JT 1 exp ) (1 1 exp T E ES T E ES E V I V I α

Exercse 13.7 Fnd β: For V β E 6V, 2.5mA 50μA 50 2.5mA 50μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.8 ommon emtter amplfer 0.8 8000 + n E 0 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.8 0.8 n 8000 + E 0 n n n n n n 0 0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 E E E 0 0 0 0 0 0 E E E 0.8 0.8 100μA 8000 0.6 0.6 8000 1 1 8000 75μA 125μA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.8 Q max mn 24 48 5 μ μ μ A A A ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.8 ommon emtter amplfer 9 E 3000 9 ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. + E + 3000 0

Exercse 13.8 Load lne: E 9 + 3000 0 E 9 E 0 9 3000 3mA ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc.

Exercse 13.8 max n Q 48μA 5μA 24μA 5.3V ELETRIAL ENGINEERING: PRINIPLES AND APPLIATIONS, Fourth Edton, by Allan R. Hambley, 2008 Pearson Educaton, Inc. V E V V max E E mn Q 1.8V 8.3V

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