ESA s supporting Activities Related to Mass Transport in the Earth System Roger Haagmans Mission Science Division European Space Agency
Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas
Swarm Satellite & Constellation Accelerometer GPS Patch Antennas Magnetic package launch after 1.5 yr after 3 yrs after 4.5 yrs launch after 4.5 years red (C) 530 km 500 km yellow (A,B) 470 km 300 km
3-D Electrical Conductivity of the Mantle Time-varying external (inducing) magnetic fields produce induced electric currents in the conducting Earth conductivity is sensitive to composition and temperature These induced currents cause induced magnetic field variations
3-D Electrical Conductivity of the Mantle Measured on ground or in space is the total (external + induced) magnetic field Separation of external and induced fields enables determination of the electrical conductivity of the Earth s interior 3D-Conductivity: hours to months periods, corresponding to app. 100-1000 km depth Study team led by Andy Jackson at ETH Zürich together with DNSC Copenhagen and CUP (Prague)
Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas
Swarm and Gravity - Constellation Observation: GPS-baseline between satellites Geometry: σ 10 2 mm/s GRACE A-B: Swarm A-B: Swarm A-C: along-track (KBR, scalar) cross-track (GPS, vector) ~ radial (GPS, vector)
Gravity Field Gradients along-track cross-track radial
SH-Error Characteristics from Gradients in x,y and z (1) along-track cross-track along + cross radial
Simulation results: 1 Month 10 0 Kaula Degree RMS 10-1 CHAMP 10-2 [m] 10-3 cross along Swarm radial A-B and A-C 10-4 cross + along GRACE 10-5 KBR 10-6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 sh-degree
Swarm mission: 3D-Mantle Conductivity (A. Jackson ETH Zürich, DNSC, CUP) Swarm mission: gravity field potential (Christian Gerlach TUM and Pieter Visser DUT) Studies related to future ideas
ESA studies: future gravity field concepts Enabling Observation techniques for Future Solid Earth Missions.(2003) Laser Doppler Interferometry Mission for Determination of the Earth s gravity field. (2005) Gravity Gradient sensor technology for future planetary missions. (2005) Laser Interferometry High Precision Tracking for LEO. (2006) Courtesy: Thales Alenia Space Monitoring and Modelling Individual Sources of Mass Distribution and Transport in the Earth s System by Means of Satellites (2007 18 months)
Measurement and control elements of the SSI mission
Future Mission Concept Future Concepts? From: Ilk et al (2005)
Study Team Geophysical Modeling Gravity modeling Mission design SRON Utrecht, NL R. Koop + + DEOS Delft, NL P. Visser Solid earth + + IAPG Munchen, DE T. Gruber Atmosphere + + M. Thomas Oceans GIS Stuttgart, DE N. Sneeuw + + UL Luxemburg, LU T. van Dam Gravity + AWI Bremerhaven, DE M. Losch Oceans BGC Bristol, UK J. Bamber Ice SCEG Newcastle, UK M. King Tides UCG Utrecht, NL M. Bierkens Hydrology
Study logic Gravity modelling Mission design Geophysical modelling Gravity retrieval Observability Separability
Geophysical modelling Tides Oceans Atmosphere Solid Earth Ice Hydrology Consistent Compatible Complete Coupled Coordinated Dedicated Sufficient Realistic Simulated real world
Current step: Gravity field modelling Geophysical model Earth Orbit Observable Constellation Input gravity Observed gravity along orbit + observation error
Conclusions Future Mission requires solid preparation: coordination with complementary measurement techniques from other future satellites (like SMOS, CryoSat, Sentinels e.g.) Activities in ESA complement DFG efforts and try to learn from existing analysis to understand the needs for a future mission concept