RNB at GANIL from SPIRAL to SPIRAL 2 GANIL/SPIRAL facility Recent highlights Future SPIRAL 2 facility Layout of the facility Scientific opportunities Letters of Intent for SPIRAL 2 See also talks of: Y. Blumenfeld, G. Georgiev and J.M. Daugas 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 1
Caen Paris
Accelerators Experimental Area Offices CIRIL Restaurant Guest House CYCERON 14/06/06 3
Layout of the GANIL facility STABLE BEAMS from C to U energies up to 95 A.MeV intensities up to 2.10 13 pps (6 kw) RIB production schemes in-flight method : SISSI, LISE ISOL method : SPIRAL (SIRA) Use of this two techniques in the same lab is a unique feature Up to 10000 hours of stable and radioactive beams per year 14/06/06 4
GANIL/SPIRAL Ion Source CSS1 CSS2 Heavy-Ion Radioactive Beam Heavy-Ion Stable Beam ECRIS Target & Ion Source Carbon Target CIME Container Target 14/06/06 Marek Lewitowicz GANIL 5
Available and possible RIBs at SPIRAL 7 elements, about 40 isotopes Used for experiments Z 20 Available Available, to be controlled Possible, to be controlled R&D possible Seen with the Shypie source Ar 74 76 Kr Ion 6 He 1+ I (pps) and E 3x10 7 5 AMeV 10 F O N Ne 18 8 He 1+, 8 He 2+ 18 Ne 4+ 6x10 5,3x10 4 3.4,15.4 AMeV 2x10 6 7 AMeV 6 8 He 10 20 30 N 76 Kr 11+, 74 Kr 11 + 5x10 5, 1x10 4 4.3 AMeV PURE RI BEAMS! About 17 different RIB used in exp....and recently 15 O, 24,26 Ne, 44,46 Ar 200 RIB shifts/year
16 F Experimental study of 16 F E x,γ x,j π Elastic scattering H( 15 O,p) 15 O 15 O Spiral beam 2 10 7 pps 1.2 MeV/A Polypropylene target (H 6 C 3 ) thickness 2.7 mg/cm 2 protons scattered from the target FWHM=13.4 kev for 5.486 MeV α detector 16 F structure R-matrix (Ex, J π, Γ) H( 14 N,p) 14 N H( 15 N,p) 15 N Best resolution at 0 Energy (au) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 7 Cross-section (au)
Measured excitation functions H( 14 N,p) 14 N E x,γ,j π 15 O R-matrix S p =7.297 MeV H( 15 N,p) 15 N 16 O S p =12.127 MeV H( 15 O,p) 15 O 16 F S p = - 0.536 MeV E x,γ,j π R-matrix E x,γ,j π R-matrix 14 N(p,p) 14 N 15 N(p,p) 15 N E lab (MeV) E lab (MeV) 15 O(p,p) 15 O E lab (MeV) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 8 dσ/dω(mb/st) dσ/dω(mb/st) PRELIMINARY dσ/dω(mb/st) Г p =1.3 kev
V c (MeV) 1/2-15 O+p E 0 β + γ 1- E 1 16 F What about the 15 O(p,γ) 16 F gs (β + )? p E 1 = 0.734 MeV 0- γ M1 τ γ =1 ps Q β =13.3 MeV E 0 = 0.536 MeV p β + 16 O p G.Audi, A.H. Wapstra and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys. A 729, 337 (2003); D.R. Tilley et al., Nucl. Phys. A564, 1 (1993) Competitive reaction rate? PRELIMINARY β + r (fm) 14/06/06 I. Stefan 9
Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Experimental set-up In-beam γ Spectroscopy: SISSI+ALPHA 48 Ca C 44 S Be 42 44 S GANIL-Caen _ E an SPEG SPEG 42 PRELIMINARY M/Q 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin
Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 38 2 + 0 + : 1081 ± 8 kev ref: 1084 ± 20 kev 1185 ± 10 kev NEW PRELIMINARY 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 E(keV) Z=14 37 38 39 40 41 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin
Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 40 624 ± 10 kev NEW 2 + 0 + : 991 ± 10 kev ref: 990 ± 20 kev PRELIMINARY 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 E(keV) Z=14 37 38 39 40 41 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin
Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 Results: 42 2 + 0 + : 770 ± 15 kev NEW To be published PRELIMINARY 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 E(keV) Z=14 37 38 39 40 41 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin
4000 3000 2000 1000 Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 0 E(2 + ) (kev) Z=14 37 38 39 LOW energy observed for the first 2 + state in 42 42 = deformed nucleus Magicity Ca S Deformation 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 N PRELIMINARY 40 Loss of magicity at N=28 for isotopes 41 48 Ca 47 K 46 Ar 45 Cl 44 S 43 P 42 N=28 In contradiction with J.Fridmann et al. [Nature vol.435(2005)03619] Collapse of the N=28 shell closure in 42 - Beyhan Bastin
Shapes of atomic nuclei Oblate Prolate Quadrupole deformation of the nuclear ground states oblate ground states predicted for A~70 near N=Z prolate and oblate states within small energy range shape coexistence M. Girod, CEA Bruyères-le-Châtel Andreas Görgen 15
Systematics of the light krypton isotopes 6 + 4 + 2 + 0 + 791 612 671 710 prolate oblate 6 + 4 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 768 558 456 52 508 6 + 4 + 0 + 2 + 824 611 346 6 + 4 + 0 + 2 + 770 455 424 0 + 0 + 858 664 562 72 Kr 74 Kr 76 Kr 78 Kr 1017 0 + energy of excited 0 + E0 strengths ρ 2 (E0) configuration mixing Inversion of ground state shape for 72 Kr Coulomb excitation to determine the nuclear shapes directly ρ 2 (E0) 72 10-3 85 10-3 79 10-3 47 10-3 Mixing of the ground state E. Bouchez et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 082502 (2003) Andreas Görgen 16
Coulomb excitation of 74 Kr and 76 Kr EXOGAM SPIRAL beams 76 Kr 5 10 5 pps 74 Kr 10 4 pps 4.7 MeV/u Pb PRELIMINARY Acta Phys. Pol. B 36, 1281 (2005) Andreas Görgen 17
Quadrupole moments Q 0 in 74 Kr and 76 Kr E. Clément et al., to be published 6 + 1 4 + 1 2 + 1 0 + 1 74 Kr (4 + 2 ) 76 Kr +0.80 + 3.13 eb -1.25 +1.22 + 2.11 eb -0.42 +0.85 + 1.85 eb -0.79 0.86 +0.73-0.60 eb 2 + 2 6 + 1 4 + 1 0 + 2 2 + 1 0 + 1 +0.70 + 5.07 eb -0.70 +0.80 + 4.66 eb -0.80 +0.80 + 2.50 eb -0.80 3.40 PRELIMINARY +1.30-1.30 eb 2 + 3 0 + 2 direct confirmation of the prolate oblate shape coexistence first reorientation measurement with radioactive beam Andreas Görgen 18
Study of the N=28 shell closure in Ar chain through (d,p) reaction First experiment with radioactive beam of 46 Ar @ 10 MeV.A θ p, E p 47 Ar SPEG SPIRAL/GANIL CD 2 MUST array Transfer reaction (d,p) GS FWHM : 175 kev d p θ p,e p 1.13 3.33 5.50 f p 5/2 1/2 28 ν 47 46 Ar 29 28 p 3/2 f 7/2 L.Gaudefroy et al. to be published in Phys. Rev. Lett. See talk of Y. Blumenfeld tomorrow 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 19
GANIL discoveries Exotic nuclei Proton drip-line Light nuclei
Existing GANIL Accelerators CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMeV, 1-8 AMeV for FF Existing GANIL Exp. Area Direct beam line CIME- G1/G2 caves Low energy RNB (DESIR) Production Cave C converter+uc x target 10 14 fissions/s Stable Heavy-Ion Exp. Hall RFQ Deuteron source 5mA Superconducting LINAC E 14.5 AMeV for heavy Ions A/q=3 E 20 A MeV for deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E 33 MeV for protons Heavy-Ion ECR source (A/q=3), 1mA
Layout of the SPIRAL 2 LINAC x12 x18 E 20 A MeV, 5mA, deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E 33 MeV 5mA, protons E 14.5 AMeV, 1mA, heavy Ions A/q=3 (extension possible for A/q=6) MOU with SARAF 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 22
LINAG Heavy-Ion Beam Challenge Choice of the HI source: Phoenix V2 - competitive for A<50 A-Phoenix - competitive for A<70 (but not included in the construction budget) A/Q=6 extension (4 times more expensive than A-Phoenix) 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 23
Fast neutron induced fission Goal : Up to 10 14 fissions/s 5mA deuterons 40 MeV C neutrons UCx 2000 C diffusion / effusion Source 1+ n+ Marek Lewitowicz, GANIL 14/06/06
SPIRAL 2 yields of fission fragment after acceleration compared to other RNB facilities (best numbers for all) Today Today 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 25
Light and N=Z RIB at SPIRAL 2 Rough Estimation of Yields (Examples) RI Beam Reaction Production method Yield (min. - max.) in pps 6 He 9 Be(n,α) 6 He ISOL 5x10 7-10 12 11 C 14 N(p,α) 11 C ISOL 10 7-3x10 11 15 O 15 N(d,2n) 15 O ISOL 3x10 7-10 10 18 Ne 19 F(p,2n) 18 Ne ISOL 6x10 6-7x10 9 34 Ar 35 Cl(p,2n) 34 Ar ISOL 2x10 6-2x10 8 56 Ni 58 Ni(p,p2n) 56 Ni Batch mode 2x10 4-10 8 58 Cu 58 Ni(p,n) 58 Cu Batch mode 10 4-10 8 80 Zn 24 Mg+ 58 Ni In-flight < 3x10 4 Reactions to be used: transfer, fusion-evaporation, deep-inelastic 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 26
light beams heavy ions RIB induced reactions Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,α), (p,n) etc. N=Z Isol+In-flight SHE Transfermiums In-flight Fusion reaction with n-rich beams Fission products (with converter) Fission products (without converter) Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB High Intensity Light RIB 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 27
PRELIMINARY Road Accelerator RIB Production Building S 3, n-tof, Atomic Phys 50m DESIR PRELIMINARY GANIL 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 28
Operation of GANIL with SPIRAL 2 Operation of the accelerators: 66 weeks today (3 beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) 3 simultaneous beams for nucl. phys. Marek Lewitowicz, GANIL 14/06/06
Reference planning and phases 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Reference Project Def. Safety authorisation Construction of LINAG Reference Planning Buildings construction Phase 1 >10 12 fiss./s Possible scenario Stable ion beams from LINAG PRELIMINARY Cost of the facility: 130M RIB from non - fissile targets RIB of fission fragments > 10 12 fiss./s Phase 2 Goal: 10 14 fiss./s RIB of fission fragments 10 14 fiss./s 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 30
SPIRAL2 «Scientific Objectives» Final Version on Web www.ganil.fr to be printed soon Thanks to all (>110) contributors 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 31
The scientific case of SPIRAL 2 Heavy and Super Heavy Elements N=Z rp-process Position of drip-lines r-process path Equation of State Role of Isospin Shell structure far from stability Spins Spins&Shapes & Shapes Haloes & Structures in the Continuum Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Isotope production 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 32
Neutrons For Science at SPIRAL 2: ntof - like facility Fission Minor actinides, main isotopes Cross section Neutron spectrum, multiplicity Prompt fission gammas Detailed A and Z distributions Delayed neutron yields and precursor characteristics Scattering Secondary neutron energy and angle differential cross sections Inelastic scattering Fusion reactors Astrophysics 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 33
Goals: SPIRAL 2 - Letters of intent Assess the technical feasibility, space, infrastructure requirements and cost for experiments Identify new equipment to be constructed Formalise collaborations of the SPIRAL 2 users Form a basis allowing to define priorities for the scientific programme of SPIRAL 2 Procedure and schedule: 1. Call for LoI - May 26 th 2006 - Dead-line for LoI: October 2 nd 2006 2. Evaluation of LoI by SAC + additional experts (if necessary) - October 19 & 20 th 2006 will include oral presentations of all LoI 3. Call for proposals aiming in construction of new detectors - 2007 4. gnature of MoU by collaborations constructing detectors in 2007-2008 14/06/06 M. Lewitowicz 34