Sediment and biota monitoring of an offshore dredged material disposal site in the German Bight

Sediment and biota monitoring of an offshore dredged material disposal site in the German ight Assessment by means of the OSPAR-criteria Uwe Hentschke 1, Sabine Schäfer 1, irgit Schubert 1 Maja Karrasch 2 1 Federal Institute of Hydrology, Germany 2 Hamburg Port Authority, Germany

Development of dredged material amount Hamburg harbour and River Elbe (2000-2012) Sand Disposal On land Disposal Hamburg Disposal North Sea Total volume of Dredged material Discharge annual dredged volume [m³ PM] Discharge [m³ /s] Reference: HPA-W141-1

Objectives Measures to reduce dredging quantities River engineering measures - redesign of Elbe side arms - creation of flooding areas - underwater deposition areas Sediment traps Reduction of sedimentation - current deflecting walls (DF) - Removal of sediment out of system River Engineering and Sediment Management oncept for the Tidal River Elbe, HPA/WSV

Framework GÜAK: Joint Transitional Arrangements for the Handling of Dredged Material in German Federal oastal Waterways National implementation of OSPAR convention Mutual agreement between Hamburg Port Authority and the Federal State of Schleswig-Holstein 28 conditions for permitting disposal Establishment of a monitoring concept Assessment according to national regulations Assessment according EA No disposal of material - characterized by high ecotoxicities (5 or 6) - expecting bioaccumulation effects - significant higher polluted in comparison to reference period

Monitoring concept Investigations of the dredging area Sediment/ Ecotoxicology/ ontaminants Investigation of disposal process ADP Nutrients/ Oxygen saturation/ TD Modelling SPM (AW: Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute) Investigations of the disposal site Multibeam soundings Sediment/ Fauna / Ecotox/ ontaminants in sediment and biota

Area number of positions entre 10 6-km 5 1-km 1,5-km 2-km 24 20 20 9-km 12-km Ref area 4 2 20 Disposal area 3-km 20 Sum 125 Port of Hamburg

Disposal of sediments -ADP investigations- Dredging Research Ltd, Report 348.EU.0905.1, December 2005

ox core sample 0 cm Segregated, sandy sediment Fresh North Sea Sediment onsolidated North Sea Sediment 40 cm

Results of sediment investigation Influence of disposal Disposal site 3 Sediment Accumulation meter 2 1 0 50 Grain size 100-200 µm % 40 30 20 10 45-26 West-East Profile TT <2mm µg/kg dw 35 25 Depth/ m -28-30 -32-34 Jul 10 May 11 Jul 12 Aug 13-1000 -800-600 -400-200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Meter Aug 13 Jul 12 Mai 11 Jul 10 Apr 09 Apr 08 Jul 07 Mrz 07 Jun 06 Mrz 06 Okt 05 Jul 05 d <20µm mg/kg dw 15 5 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5

iota samples Abra alba white furrow shell uccinum undatum common whelk Limanda limanda common dab

iota sampling

iota sampling ng/g dw 100 75 50 DT ommon whelk p,p'-dde Year 2008 2012 Increased accumulation in tissue of common whelk DT, p,p'-dde (and MT,p,p'-DDD) No increased accumulation in tissues of white furrow shell, common dab (liver and muscle) 25 0 Site 2-/3 km Ref area 1 Ref area 2 Ref area 3 Area Site 2-/3 km Ref area 1 Ref area 2 Ref area 3

Proposed assessment criteria by OSPAR Sediment/ iota Proposed transition points for PAHs and s in sediment and biota and metals in sediment T 0 T 1 A EA,EA passive ERL Standardisation PAH 2,5% TO/ EA 2,5% TO/ EA Metal 1% TO/ EA Recommended transition points Transition Point Sediment <2mm iota T1 ERL EA T1 EA EA passive T1 ERL E Proposed transition points for metals in biota T 0 T 1 Environmental Assessment riteria (EAs) ackground Assessment oncentrations (As) Effects Range-Low (ERL) value A E EA passive (SAF, dry and lipid weight normalized) E maximum acceptable dietary levels EQS Environmental quality standard (WFD) ackground Document on EMP Assessment riteria for QSR 2010

Assessment Trace metals, s, PAHs in sediment ERL uoy E3 Mud area 0.4 0.2 Hg mg/kg onc. 0.0 4 EA 3 2 118 µg/kg 1 Site Area 1,5-km 2/3-km 6-km 9-km 12-km Ref area Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2006-2012

Phenanthrene 118 mg/kg µg/kg enzo(ghi)per. Hg mg/kg 0.12 0.4 0.08 0.2 0.0 0.25 0.20 4 0.15 3 0.10 2 0.05 1 uoy E3 Mud area Site 1,5-km 2/3-km 6-km 9-km 12-km Ref area 0.16 0.04 0.00 Assessment Trace metals, s, PAHs in sediment ERL EA ERL Area Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2006-2012 onc.

Assessment Trace metals, s, PAHs in sediment Arithmetic mean: Oct 2005-Aug 2012 Parameter riteria Exceedance Range Area trace metals ERL Hg 0,15 yes 0,153 farfield Pb/d no PAH (9) ERL no P (7) EA 118 0,6 yes 0,74-1,18 site,near- and farfield

1.6 1.2 Assessment of iota EA passive P 118 Abra alba dw 0.8 0.4 dw µg/kg 40 30 20 10 uccinum undatum Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 EA passive 80 Limanda limanda lipid 60 40 20 Site 2-/3 km 6 km Area Ref area 1 Ref area 2 Ref area 3

90 60 30 Assessment of iota EQS (E) Abra alba/ Tissue Hg/ ng/g wet weight 300 200 100 125 100 75 50 25 300 200 100 uccinum undatum/ Tissue Limanda limanda/ liver Limanda limanda/ muscle Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Site 2-/3 km 6 km Area Ref area 1 Ref area 2 Ref area 3 DIRETIVE 2008/105/E OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

Imposex effect on biota Penis classification index (PI) Female: Imposex-stadium with Penis formation Imposex stage seen from above seen from the side 0 No development of penis. Smooth epithelium at the site, where males have their penis. 1 Small knob at penis site indicating the development of a penis. 2 IOONSULT 2012 ommon whelk Small structure penis, which can wobble and be lifted up from the epithelium of the foot. 3 Penis is bent and with a shape which tends to look like a normal male penis. OSPAR Monitoring guidelines Ref. No: 2008-9

Results of PI investigation uccinum undatum Assessment lass A PI <0,3 Interpretation Sediment exposure to TT concentrations close to zero 2012/9 2011/8 D E F 0,3-2,0 2,0-3,5 > 3,5 adverse effects are predicted unlikely to occur risk of adverse effects evidence of adverse effects associated with the exposure to TT no reproduction population of sensitive gastropods ist absent/expired Date 2011/5 2010/9 2010/5 2009/7 Provisional JAMP Assessment riteria for TT, 2004-15 2009/3 120 Sediment 2008/7 µg/kg cat dw <2mm 80 40 TT Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008/4 2007/8 2007/4 0 Site 2/3-km Area Ref area entre 1-km 2/3-km Area Ref area 1 Ref area 2

Sediment Summary Impact on marine environment Stable accumulation of sediment body EA-exceedance of some contaminants in sediments (PAHs and s) at the centre of the disposal site Decreasing contaminant concentrations EA-exceedance of 118 in whole area iota Accumulation of contaminants in common whelk tissues restricted to the centre of the disposal site (MT,DT, p,p -DDD, p,p -DDE) Decreasing contaminant concentrations No increasing imposex effect on common whelk by disposal EA-exceedance of some contaminants (Pb, Hg, 118, 138) in whole area riteria EA not finalized Exceedance reflects general pressure exerted by human activity on coastal areas

Thank you for your attention