Geology/Plate Tectonics Activities - Canizares Name Hour Learning Objectives Earth s Layers List the four main layers in order basic properties of the 4 main layers & the asthenosphere & lithosphere differences between the lithosphere, crust, & asthenosphere Plate Tectonic History theory of continental drift Describe Pangea evidence used to support continental drift Plate Boundaries Earthquakes Volcanoes Rock Cycle State the motion that creates the three plate boundary types Describe how the features are created at each boundary type. cause of plate tectonics & refer to the layers of Earth involved similarities and differences between the plate boundaries motion & speed of the three types of seismic waves. differences between a fault, epicenter, focus, and seismic waves hazards of earthquakes and what causes them hazards of volcanoes and what causes them three types of volcanoes and the lava type that led to it s formation. cause of volcanic eruptions Explain how each of the three types of rocks are made Describe how one rock can turn into any of the other rock types Identify processes that will create different rock types
Earth s Layers Introduction Introductory Review Questions 1. Earth is mostly covered by? 2. Geology is the study of what? 3. Geo means what? 4. Can we see inside Earth? 5. How far have we dug into Earth? Write 5 observations: Write 1 inference: Iggy Observations: Like Earth, you can not see inside Iggy. You can not see inside Iggy until after you graduate! In real life we can not see inside Earth in (most likely) our lifetimes. Observations (facts using senses) Inferences (opinions, based on facts) Drawing of Column with Labels Cornstarch & Water 1. How does cornstarch and water act when pressure is applied? 2. How does the cornstarch and water act when the pressure is released? Density ColumnReflection Questions: 1. The most dense layer of the column is at the. The most dense layer of Earth would be at the. 2. The least dense layer of the column is at the. The least dense layer of Earth would be at the. 3. An object that is more dense will have [more or less] mass than the other same sized object. 3. One layer of Earth, the asthenosphere, acts somewhat similarly to this. How do you think earthquakes are related to this
Continental Drift Review Questions: Which layer of Earth is the hottest? least dense? most dense? Thinnest? liquid? solid, but flows like a liquid? What makes up the lithosphere? & Lava Lamp: Where is the heat source in the lava lamp? in Earth? What happens to the density of the blob as it heats up? [increases or decreases] When the blob rises to the top, what happens to the temperature? [increases or decreases] What then happens to the density? [increases or decreases] So as temperature increases, the density. As temperature decreases, the density. Questions Answer in Complete Sentences (after doing the activity portion) 1. What do you think the idea of Continental Drift is? Continental Drift is the idea that 2. Which 2 continents have the most obvious fit of the coastlines? The two continents that fit best are. 3. Which fossil occurs on the most landmasses? What does this suggest about when these particular continents broke up? The fossils that occur on landmasses are. This suggests 4. Why don t the present shapes of the continents fit perfectly into a supercontinent? [what changed?] Analyzing Evidence: Continental Drift Read the statement in each box and check whether the statement is evidence or not in the left columns, and whether it supports the movements of the continents in the right columns. Is it Evidence? Statements Does It Support the Idea that Continents Have Drifted/Moved? Yes No Yes No 1858: Geologist Eduard Seuss points out that fossils of the Glossopteris plant are found in southern Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, and India. Wegener examines the location of tiny rocks and the direction of grooves formed by large glaciers scraping across southern areas of Africa, South America, Australia, Antarctica, and India. He concludes that if all these places were connected together, they would form a continuous ice sheet expanding outward in all directions. Frankfurt News, Januar y 6, 1 912: Announcement that German scientist Alfred Wegener will speak at the Geological Association meeting. Popular Geology magazine, March 12, 1912: Continents are so large they must always have been where they are. Wegener observes that a South American mountain range in Argentina lines up with an ancient African mountain range in South Africa when the two continents ar e placed together. He writes: It is just as if we were to have torn pieces of a newspaper by matching their edges and then check whether the lines of print ran smoothly across. If they do, there is nothing left but to conclude that the pieces were in fact joined in this way. 1944: Geologist Baily Willis calls Wegener s theory a fairy tale. He argues that the theory should be ignored. 1965: Geologist Edward Bullard uses computers to match coasts of South America and Africa. They match extremely well at an ocean depth of 1,000 meters. 1980s: Satellites and lasers are used to measure the movement of continents. They continue to move at an average of about 2 cm (0.8 in) per year.
Essential Question: What are the 3 main types of motion that create the geologic features of Earth? 1. Thinking of Earth s Layers, label the candy bar sketch using these terms: lithosphere, asthenosphere and mantle Plate Boundaries Introduction 2. A divergent boundary occurs when the pieces of the lithosphere pull apart. What happened to your candy when you pulled it apart? I observed. 3. A transform boundary occurs when the pieces of the lithosphere slide past each other. What happened to your candy when you did the motion demonstrated on the right? I observed. 4. A convergent boundary occurs when the pieces of the lithosphere slam into each other. I observed. Interpretations/Inferences: 1) Label each of the plate boundaries drawn below as either divergent, convergent, or transform. 2) Based on your observations, at which type of boundary would you expect to see mountain ranges? [convergent, divergent or transform] 3) At which type of boundary would you expect to see thinned crust and asthenosphere? [convergent, divergent or transform] 4) At which type of boundary would you expect to see a trench (one plate diving underneath another)? [convergent, divergent or transform] 5) Where do we usually observe more earthquakes at plate boundaries, or in the middle of plates? [plate boundaries or middle of plates] 6) To the right is a map of the tectonic plates. Where is the closest transform boundary to us? 7) What kind of geological feature do you expect to see north of the Indian plate? 8) What kind of plate boundary exists between the South American plate and the African plate? Summary/Answering Essential Question: What are the 3 main types of motion that create the geologic features of Earth? The Earth s lithosphere is on top of the a sphere. Since it is hot, it moves around pushing the Earth s surface (aka the l sphere). One way the lithosphere moves is. This could cause. Another way the lithosphere moves is. This could cause. The final way the lithosphere moves is. This could cause. Reflection: One thing I find confusing about all this is.
Boundaries Simulation! http://sepuplhs.org/middle/iaes/students/simulations/sepup_plate_simulation.swf 1. Divergent Boundary: Click the left arrow & Click Pick Time & Observations/Features Made Click Run 10 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 100 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 1,000 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 1 million yrs Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 5 million yrs Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 2. Transform Boundary Click HOME & then click Pick Time & Observations/Features Made Click Run 10 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 100 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 1,000 years Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 1 million yrs Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 5 million yrs Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed 3. Convergent Boundary Click HOME & then click Pick Time Observations/Features Made Click What if Two Oceanic Plates Collide (DO NOT CLICK HOME) Pick Time Observations/Features Made 1 million yrs Melting Rock Mantle Convection Earthquakes Mountain Volcano Abandoned Riverbed Plate Boundary Types Divergent Boundary: Plates/Lithosphere Move (apart, together, side by side) Earthquakes created (are or are not) Features made at this boundary are (none, mountains, volcanoes, etc.) is what causes the plates/lithosphere to move (hint look at the orange) Transform Boundary: Plates/Lithosphere Move (apart, together, side by side) Earthquakes created (are or are not) Features made at this boundary are (none, mountains, volcanoes, etc.) is what causes the plates/lithosphere to move (hint look at the orange) Convergent Boundary: Plates/Lithosphere Move (apart, together, side by side) Earthquakes created (are or are not) Features made at this boundary are (none, mountains, volcanoes, etc.) is what causes the plates/lithosphere to move (hint look at the orange)
Plate Boundaries Review Video 1. Have the continents and oceans always been in the same place? Y N 2. Who is the main dude that recognized that the continents were all together? Alfred W 3. What evidence did he have to support continental drift? 4. Did scientists believe Wegner? Y N 5. What are two unusual things that you find at mid ocean ridges? 6. As the mid ocean ridge spreads where is the oldest rock found? At the ridge or furthest points away from ridge 7. What are the pieces of earth called? T P 8. What are the layers of Earth starting from the inside? 9. How far do the plates move a year (using bad words sorry)? inches 10. This video is a little incomplete, what part of the mantle is convection occurring that causes our crust to move? A sphere 11. When the plates move apart in opposite directions, what type of boundary is this? D 12. When the two plates collide this is what type of boundary? C 13. Where is plate material destroyed? C Boundary 14. When a more dense oceanic plate goes under the less dense continental plate are s zones. 15. Cracks in the earth s crust are called f. 16. Is there a boundary where earthquakes do not occur? Y N 17. Where is one of the most active faults in the world found? C 18. Most volcanoes occur near s zones. 19. Hawaii is not near a plate boundary but has volcanoes because of h s. 20. Are the Hawaiian volcanoes as violent as like Mount St. Helens? Y N 21. Most mountains are found at c boundaries. 22. Is India still crashing into the Eurasian plate? Y N 23. Why is it odd to find fossils from the sea in the rocks of mountains? 24. What do you still find confusing about this? 25. Label the boundaries, lithosphere, asthenosphere, and convection currents below.