Thorium Energy Alliance Conference 6 Chicago, May 29, 2014

Thorium Energy Alliance Conference 6 Chicago, May 29, 2014 Th/U233 breeding at zero cost in stacked D+D colliding beam fusion exyder mini cells financed from the sale of by products 3He and Tritium Bogdan Maglich, Tim Hester CALSEC California Science & Engineering Corp., Irvine, California www.calsecco.com maglich@calseco.com* Tim@calseco.com Copious T and 3 He production from D(d, p) T and D(d, n) 3 He reactions in 725 KeV colliding beams was observed in weak focusing Self Collider 1 4 radius 15 cm, in B=3.12 T, non linearly stabilized by electron cloud oscillations 5 to 23 s confinement time. BARC s simulations 7 predict that by switching to Strong Focusing Auto Collider designed by Blewett 6, 10 deuterons 0.75 MeV each, will generate 1 3 He +1T +1p + 1n at a total input energy cost of 10.72 MeV. Economic value of T and 3 He is 65 and 120 MeV/atom respectively. We obtain economic gain 205 MeV/10.72 MeV = 2,000% i.e. 3 He production will fund entire cost of T. If first wall is made of Thorium n s will breed fissionable 233 U releasing 200 MeV/ fission, at a neutron cost of 5.36 MeV versus 160 MeV in beam on target; thus resulting in no cost 3He production 1. Bulletin APS April Meet., 2012, Vol. 57, Num. 3; 2. Part. Acc.1, (1970); 3. Phys. Rev. Lett.54, 796 (1985); 4. NIM A 271 entire issue dedicated to colliding beam fusion.pp. 1 167 (1988); 5. Phys. Rev Lett. 70, 1818 (1993);6. Part. Acc. 34, 13(1990) 7. 50 Years with Fission Symp. Nat. Ac. Sci., p. 761 (89) Amer. Nucl. Soc. (Publisher). 1

Follow up of my paper at T.E.A.3: GAME CHANGING FACTS ADDED Projected production grams/day from 10 m 3 EXYDER 30 units 0.33 m 3 ea. (scaled from Migma IV) : 1.58 g neutrons + 4.75 g 3 He + 4.75 g T. Energy cost per n: 11 MeV. Energy output 233 U fission: 120 MeV/ n breeding Thorium. Q eng = 11 Market price of 3 He : $7.4 x 10 4 $/g = 120 MeV/ atom Market price of T : $3.5 x 10 4 $/g = 64 MeV/ atom Total..= 184 MeV/atom D energy + fuel cost...= 11 MeV for n, T, 3 He Net energy surplus. = 173 MeV $508,000/day to use for Auto Collider improvement R&D Energy gain Q eng..= 23 2

MANUFACTURE OF TRITIUM & 3 HE IV 3

PRODUCTION of 3 He & TRITIUM IN D+D SYMMETRY X=Y=Z=0; BD (Beam Dump) 4

PROOF OF BEAM BEAM T and 3 He Production d on d 725 KeV 725 KeV fusion reactions D + D T + P + 4 MeV PROTON ENERGY 0.86 MeV above BEAM ON GAS PEAK 3.5 4.36 0.86 MeV 5

54,76 (1984) NOT Landau Damping (liner) by increase in Amplitude Nonlinear damping by decrease of Frequency Critical test: Negative resistance changes sign! 6

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INITIATIVE CALIFORNIA SCIENCE & ENGINEERING FOR INDUSTRY ACADEMIC CONSORTIUM TO SEEK PRIVATE INVESTMENTS FOR COMMERCIALIZATION OF ISOTOPE BREEDER EXYDER STRONG FOCUSING SELF COLLIDER ITS BY PRODUCT MAY BE FUSION POWER REACTOR WE SEEK BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 9

THORIUM ENERGY ALLIANCE Conference 6 * Chicago, May 29, 2014 10

Competition: Charge Transfer vs. Ionization Plasma destroying reaction: CT neutralization (1) Plasma building reactions: ion impact ionization (2.a) e impact ionization (2.b) The Reactivity Ratio (U = CT/IO), a fundamental tenet since the 1960 s, is expressed as: (3) based on 2 measurements with 0.1 KeV and 300 KeV protons. IONIZATION DOMINATES BURNOUT : every D 0 D. 11

New Truth: Measurements at U. of Belfast by.b.gilbody et al Neutralization Dominates! σ 10 ~10 9 barn σ 01 ~10 7 b Confinement notpossible BURNOUT NOT POSSIBLE See last slide for references Figure 1. Top (solid): Averaged CT neutralization (Reaction (1)) cross section σ 10 (barn) versus ion laboratory energy, T i, (KeV). (dash): Averaged ionization (Reactions (2.a) and (2.b)) cross section σ 01 (barn) versus incident electron ion energy, T i, T e, (KeV), Electron temperature is corrected by the empirical electron/ion temperature ratio is T e = T i /2.5. Lower trace (dash dot):dt (fusion reaction T(d,n)α) cross section. 12 Bottom: Ratio σ 10 (neutralization): σ 01 (ionization).

Existence of Ionization Threshold is given approximately by: (4) 1960 THERMONUCLEAR FUSION HIGH ENERGY FUSION 1960 Figure 2. Top: Average CT Reactivity (Reaction (1)) σ v m 3 s 1 versus electron or ion laboratory energy (KeV). Solid Trace: Averaged for deuterium neutralization reactions. Dash trace: Average Reactivity for deuterium ionization reactions. Dash dot trace: T(d, n)α reaction multiplied by 10 6. Units: m 3 s 1. Abscissa: ion or electron kinetic energy T i, T e (KeV). The energies marked, 0.42and 200 KeV, are those between which the averaged neutralization reactivity exceeds the averaged ionization reactivity, hence magnetic confinement is not possible. T ion = ionization regime threshold. Bottom: Ratio U : neutralization reactivity divided by ionization reactivity, as a function of T i, T e = T i /2.5, Eq. (3), which resulted in cross point at 0.4 KeV. 13

CT vs. IO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION: (5) Has the solution: (6) where K=1/n 0 =5.7x10 23. Ionization increases life time of D + by factor: (7) 14

Figure 3. Ion energy confinement time, τ E, from charged injection from 1 KeV to 1 MeV, calculated from formula (6), compared to measurements in beam fusion region. Best τ E on the thermonuclear region is 0.15 s. 15

Figure 4. Observation of energy confinement time of D + kin. energy T=725 KeV in B z =3.4 Tesla, using our non linear stabilization technique of driven electron cloud oscillations through stored D + ions. Beam injection turnoff at 8 s. Our formula (6) predicts τ E =16 s. Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 769 (1985); Phys. Rev. Lett. 70,299 (1993); NIM A 271 p. 1 288 (1988) US Patent 4,788,024 B. Maglich and S. Menasian. 16

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Cross Section References 1. H.B. Gilbody, Physics Scripta, 23, 143, (1981) 2. H.B. Gilbody, XIX Int. Conf. on the Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions, Whistler, Canada. 1995. American Institute of Physics Press (New York( pp.19 39. 3. D. Post, R. Pyle, Atomic and Molecular Physics of Cont. Therm. Fusion, C.J. Joachain et al. (eds.) Plenum Press (1983). 4. D. Post, R. Pyle, Atomic and Molecular Physics of Cont. Therm. Fusion, C.J. Joachain et al. (eds.) Plenum Press (1983). 5. D. W. Scott, B. C. Maglich. Ionization and Neutralization Reaction Rates of Deuterium in TFTR Operating Regime. Adv. Proj. Euro Amer Group Inc., Irvine. June 16, 1996. based on data for (i) ORNL 3260, ORNL 5256, Tables A 22 on; and (ii) Sandia report SAND 88 8212 (1989) www.aneutronicfusion.org. 6. D. W. Scott, B. C. Maglich. Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. DPP96 Meet. Denver, 1996. http://flux.aps.org/meetings/yr9596/bapsdpp96/abs/g280014.html available on www.aneutronicenergy.com 18