A Short Course in Contaminated Fractured Rock Hydrogeology and Geophysics An Eight Hour Geophysics Course Offered Through the Environmental Professionals' Organization of Connecticut Date: Nov 19, Nov 20, 2013 (one-day course, offered twice) Classroom Location: 330 (Nov. 19), 304B (Nov 20) Student Union Building, University of Connecticut, Storrs (Parking at North Parking Garage) Onsite Location: USGS Branch of Geophysics, 11 Sherman Place, Unit 5015, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06269 (Parking near USGS) Organizers: Dr. Fred Day Lewis (USGS), Dr. Lee Slater (Rutgers University) Instructors: Carole Johnson (USGS), Dr. Gary Robbins (U. Conn.), John W. Lane, Jr. (USGS) Course Summary Contamination in fractured rock presents unique challenges for remediation and clean-up efforts. For example, DNAPL contamination remains a long-term, persistent problem at many fractured rock sites in the U.S. At such sites, contaminant mass often resides in the much lower permeability matrix blocks between fractures (immobile porosity). Fluid samples taken from wells primarily represent the mobile porosity produced by the fracture networks and therefore often fail to accurately quantify contaminant mass. For similar reasons, remedial technologies involving injections of fluids and amendments can be ineffective as they may only reach the mobile pore network. This one-day course will provide environmental professionals, consulting hydrogeologists, and engineers with a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in hydrogeological, borehole geophysical and cross-borehole geophysical techniques for the characterization of contaminated fractured rock aquifers. The course will be taught by a team of experts in fractured rock investigations from the USGS, Rutgers University, and U. Connecticut with examples taken from their work at contaminated federal and industrial facilities across the U.S. The short course will include field demonstrations of a small bedrock well field for USGS research on the U. Connecticut campus. Emerging technologies will be showcased for the characterization of contaminated fractured rock aquifers. 1
Organizer Biographies Dr. Fred Day-Lewis is a Research Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater Branch of Geophysics in Storrs, Connecticut, USA. He has coauthored ~30 peer-reviewed publications on near surface geophysics and hydrogeology. He has served as Associate Editor of Water Resources Research (2007-2012), Ground Water (2003-2008), Hydrogeology Journal (2002-2006), and Geosphere (2009-present), and currently serves on the Board of Directors and as a Vice President of the Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, and also as President-Elect of the American Geophysical Union s Near Surface Geophysics Focus Group. He was a 2011 USGS Water Mission Area lecturer. He received his PhD from Stanford University in 2001. Dr. Lee Slater is a Professor of Near Surface Geophysics at Rutgers-Newark, New Jersey, USA. He has coauthored ~100 peer-reviewed publications on near surface and environmental geophysics, and served as principal investigator on awards from multiple federal agencies. Professor Slater served as Chair of the Near Surface Geophysics Focus Group of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) from July 2008-June 2010, Associate Editor of the AGU journal Water Resources Research from October 2004-December 2010 and Associate Editor of the Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics (JEEG) from 1999-2004. 2
Instructor Biographies Carole Johnson is a Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Groundwater Branch of Geophysics in Storrs, Connecticut, USA. She has coauthored ~35 USGS publications on use of hydrogeophysical methods for aquifer characterization for water resources and contaminant investigations. Her research interests include the use of borehole geophysical and hydraulic methods for characterization of fractured-rock aquifers. Carole has co-led ~15 hands-on workshops on the use of geophysical equipment for USGS groundwater investigations and conducted workshops for the National Groundwater Association Fractured Rock Conferences (2004 and 2008) and for Licensed Environmental Professionals in Connecticut. Dr. Gary Robbins is a Professor of Geology in the Department of Natural Resources and the Environment and a faculty member of the Center for Integrative Geosciences at the University of Connecticut. He specializes in hydrogeology. His research interest over the last ten years has been on developing cost effective tracer related approaches for bedrock characterization, resolving bedrock related water supply issues and improving methods for three-dimensional contaminant site characterization. John Lane is Chief of the USGS Office of Groundwater, Branch of Geophysics. John received a BS and MS in Geology and Geophysics from the University of Connecticut and PhD in Earth and Environmental Engineering from Columbia University. His research interests focus on the development and application of surface and borehole geophysical methods for aquifer characterization and geophysical monitoring of hydrologic processes and engineered remediation. 3
Agenda for the Eight Hour Short Course on A Short Course in Contaminated Fractured Rock Hydrogeology and Geophysics TIME TOPIC Classroom 8:00-8:30 Introduction Characterization challenges in fractured rock (Slater/Day- Lewis) 8:30-9:10 Borehole geophysical logging methods (Johnson) 9:10-9:40 Borehole flow meter methods (Johnson/Day-Lewis) 9:40-9:55 BREAK 9:55-10:25 Cross-borehole geophysical methods (Slater) 10:25-10:55 Focused packer testing techniques (Slater) 10:55-11:30 Groundwater sampling in fractured rock (Robbins) 11:30-12:00 Translating geophysical results into a hydrogeologic framework (Day- Lewis) Site Tour USGS well field 1:15-2:00 Site geology and challenges for contaminant assessment (All) 1:45-4:00 Field demonstrations of borehole geophysical logging, cross-borehole resistivity monitoring, and sampling methods in fractured rock 4:00-4:45 Summary of lessons learned from studies 4:45-5:00 Wrap up and final comments Server: Data QA/QC, Management & Automated Analysis Data - Electrical geophysical - Hydrologic - Geochemical Automated & on demand results Framework Characterization (Static) Amendment Monitoring (Time Lapse) Integrated hydrogeological and geophysical data acquisition is required to advance characterization and monitoring of persistent contaminants in fractured rock settings 4
Selected Reference Papers The following list represents a small subset of the literature that has been published on the subject of improving the characterization of contaminated fractured rock aquifers. Further references on the subject matter presented in this short course are available from the instructors upon request. Brainerd, R.J. and Robbins, G.A., 2004, A Tracer Dilution Method for Fracture Characterization in Bedrock Wells, Ground Water Journal v.42, No 5, P 774-780. Chlebica, D., and Robbins, G.A., 2013, Altering Dissolved Oxygen to Determine Flow Conditions in Fractured Bedrock Wells, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, in press and published online (doi:10.1111/gwmr.12019). Day-Lewis, F.D., Lane, J.W., Jr., and Gorelick, S.M., 2004, Combined Interpretation of Radar, Hydraulic and Tracer Data from a Fractured-Rock Aquifer, Hydrogeology Journal, doi: 10.1007/s10040-004-0372-y, Vol. 14, No. 1-2, 1-14. Day-Lewis, F.D., Hsieh, P.A., and Gorelick, S.M., 2000, Identifying fracture-zone geometry using simulated annealing and hydraulic-connection data, Water Resources Research, Vol. 36, No. 7, 1707-1721. Lane, J. W., Jr.; Haeni, F. P.; Versteeg, R., 1998, Use of multi-offset borehole-radar reflection method in fractured crystalline bedrock at Mirror Lake, Grafton County, New Hampshire, Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems, Chicago, IL, 1998; pp 359-368. Libby, J., and Robbins, G.A., 2013 An Unsteady State Tracer Method for Characterizing Fractures in Bedrock Well, Groundwater, in press and published online (doi 10.1111/gwat.12045) National Research Council (NRC), 1996, Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Applications. National Academy Press: Washington D.C., 551 pages. Neuman, S. P., 2005, Trends, prospects and challenges in quantifying flow and transport through fractured rocks. Hydrogeology Journal, 13, (1), 124-147 Olsson, O.; Falk, L.; Forslund, O.; Lundmark, L.; Sandberg, E., 1992, Borehole Radar applied to the Characterization of Hydraulically Conductive Fracture-Zones in Crystalline Rock. Geophysical Prospecting, 40, (2), 109-142 Paillet, F. L., 1998, Flow modeling and permeability estimation using borehole flow logs in heterogeneous fractured formations. Water Resour. Res., 34, (5), 997-1010. Parker, B.L., S.W. Chapman, and J.A. Cherry., 2010. Plume persistence in fractured sedimentary rock after source zone removal. Ground Water. Vol. 48, No. 6 GROUND WATER November-December 2010. pp 799-803 Shapiro, A. M.; Hsieh, P. A.; Burton, W. C.; Walsh, G. J., 2007, Integrated Multi-Scale Characterization of Ground-Water Flow and Chemical Transport in Fractured Crystalline Rock at the Mirror Lake Site, New Hampshire. In Subsurface hydrology : data integration for properties and processes Hyndman, D. W.; Day-Lewis, F. D.; Singha, K., Eds. American Geophysical Union (AGU) Slater, L. D.; Binley, A.; Brown, D., 1997, Electrical imaging of fractures using groundwater salinity change. Ground Water, 35, (3), 436-442. Williams, J. H. and Johnson, C. D., 2004, Acoustic and optical borehole-wall imaging for fractured-rock aquifer studies. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 55, (1), 151-159. 5