From JYFLTRAP to MATS

From JYFLTRAP to MATS Ari Jokinen Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä Helsinki Institute of Physics 1) Introduction to trap projects 2) JYFLTRAP at IGISOL 3) JYFLRAP physics program; summary, couple of examples, outlook 4) MATS at FAIR

Research areas and relevant precision (atomic masses and/or Q-values) Nuclear structure (10-100 kev) Global Global correlations (100 (100 kev) kev) Local Local correlations (10 (10 kev) kev) shell shell structure, spin-orbit interaction, pairing, pairing, collectivity Drip-line phenomena, halos, halos, isomers (1 (1 kev) kev) Nuclear astrophysics ( ( 1 kev) Charge symmetry in in nuclei ( ( 1 kev) Isospin Isospin multiplets Coulomb energy energy differences Test Test of of Standard Model ( ( 100 ev) ev) Nuclear decay. decay. Electroweak interaction CVC CVC theory theory and and unitarity of of CKM CKM matrix matrix Double Double decay decay

Penning trap projects worldwide Penning trap projects are: - complementary - producing plenty of new data Type of reaction ISOLTRAP CPT SHIPTRAP JYFLTRAP LEBIT TITAN SMILETRAP HITRAP MATS/FAIR Conv. ISOL X X Fusion evap. reaction IGISOL X X Fragmentation X X X Highly-charged ions X X X X X Stable ions X X X Trap-assisted spectroscopy X X D. Lunney, ENAM2008

Penning trap projects worldwide Penning trap projects are: - complementary - producing plenty of new data SHIPTRAP rp-nuclei JYFLTRAP 76 Ge SMILETRAP N-rich 46 V CPT 68 As, 64 Ge 22 Mg 26 Al ISOLTRAP LEBIT 38 Ca D. Lunney, ENAM2008 in healthy competition: New techniques New applications Cross-checking

JYFLTRAP setup @ IGISOL Cyclotron beam target Dipole magnet M/ M ~ 500 FC FC RFQ cooler Transfer line FC Purification trap Precision trap FC MCP } } Ion guide 30 kv Electrostitic switchyard Si 30 kv 7 T magnet Si Spectroscopy setup Counts 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 FWHM = 20 Hz M/ M = 145 000 101 Y Purification scan TOF-resonance in Precision trap Basic equations for mass determination 101 Zr 101 Nb 101 Mo 120 Pd f c f f c,ref c 1 2 q m ref B m - me m - m e 1064700 1064750 1064800 1064850 1064900 Frequency [Hz]

JYFLTRAP program, overview Neutron-deficient nuclei: 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Rp and p-processes, particle decaying 55 isomers ( 94 Ag, 53 Co), S p ( 93 Rh), SnSbTecycle, 55 50isospin symmetry, mirror transitions, 50 45 45 40 40 Z 35 30 25 20 15 10 Precise Q-values: Neutron-rich nuclei: 20 N=50 and Z=28 shell gaps, N=40 sub-shell closure, onset of deformation, evolution of collectivity in 15 transitional nuclei, 10 10 15 20 Superallowed 25 30 35 beta 40 decay, 45 50 -decay 55 60 65 70 75 80 ( 76 Ge, 100 Mo, 112 Sn), rare N decays ( 115 In), 35 Trap-assisted spectroscopy: 30 In-trap and decay studies, fission yields, 25

JYFLTRAP masses and AME2003 Michael Smith, ORNL, Nuclearmasses.org Neutron-deficient nuclei Analysis of JYFLTRAP data (118 points) RMS deviation 0.2403 MeV when compared to AME2003 AME2003, G. Audi et al., NPA 729 (2003) 337 Neutron-rich nuclei Amount of new data far from stability is increasing Large deviations observed far from stability Need to include new results in a new compilation / evaluation http://research.jyu.fi/igisol/jyfltrap_masses/

JYFLTRAP masses vs predictions S. Goriely N. Chamel and J. M. Pearson, PRL 102 (2009) 152503 (published 16 April 2009) Crossing the 0.6 MeV accuracy threshold HFB-17 Next session: N. Chamel [6] G. Audi, et al. Nucl. Phys. A729, 337 (2003). [12] http://research.jyu.fi/igisol/jyfltrap_masses/

Two-neutron separation energy S 2n S 2n (N,Z) = B(N,Z) B(N 2,Z) simplest observable for changes in ground-state binding energies M. Bender, G. F. Bertsch and P.-H. Heenen, PRC 78 (2008) 054312

Two-neutron separation energy S 2n S 2n (N,Z) = B(N,Z) B(N 2,Z) simplest observable for changes in ground-state binding energies M. Bender, G. F. Bertsch and P.-H. Heenen, PRC 78 (2008) 054312 Penning trap data: N=50 shell gap Liquid-drop type behaviour

Two-neutron separation energy S 2n S 2n (N,Z) = B(N,Z) B(N 2,Z) simplest observable for changes in ground-state binding energies M. Bender, G. F. Bertsch and P.-H. Heenen, PRC 78 (2008) 054312? Z>46? Z<30? N<82 Penning trap data: N=50 shell gap Liquid-drop type behaviour Local discontinuities at N~60 and Z~40 (This workshop: G. Tungate, J. Äystö, R.R. Rodriguez-Guzman)

N=50 gap; -spectroscopy and theory Z=28,30,32 isotopes, J. Van de Walle, PRL 99 (2007) 142501, PRC 79 (2009) 014309 M. Bender, G. F. Bertsch and P.-H. Heenen, PRC 78 (2008) 054312 This workshop: M. Huyse J. Pearson, S. Goriely, NPA 777 (2006) 623 Ni Ni

N=50 gap data 1995

N=50 gap data 2009 (Penning( traps) Mass measurements of 30 n-rich Zn, Ga, Ge, As and Se at JYFLTRAP J. Hakala et al. PRL 101 (2008) 052502 + 81 Zn: S. Baruah et al., PRL 101 (2008) 262501 Qualitatively: Indications of the opening of the gap beyond minimum gap at Ge (Z=32)! S 2n [MeV] 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 N=46 N=48 N=50 N=52 N=54 N=56 Zr Ni 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 Proton number Z

N=50 gap data 2009 (Penning( traps) Mass measurements of 30 n-rich Zn, Ga, Ge, As and Se at JYFLTRAP J. Hakala et al. PRL 101 (2008) 052502 + 81 Zn: S. Baruah et al., PRL 101 (2008) 262501 Qualitatively: Indications of the opening of the gap beyond minimum gap at Ge (Z=32)! S 2n [MeV] 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 Ni? N=46 N=48 N=50 N=52 N=54 N=56 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 Proton number Z Zr 82 Zn needed, IG-4 + JYFLTRAP, MATS,

N=50 shell gap; ; data vs. predictions Best agreement with FRDM (well known sophisticated microscopic-macroscopic model) Both spherical mean field calculations by Otsuka et al overpredícts the gap (GT3 and D1S interactions) Density functional theories (Sly4 and SkP) predict trends: monotonic decrease from Z=40 to Z=32 and increae towards 78 Ni, but th emagnitude of the gap varies, which may be due to the difference in isoscalar effective mass affecting level densities Similar calculation by Bender et al. with deformed basis and additional quadrupole correlations brings calculations close to the measurements 2n (N o =50) [MeV] 10 Shell gap equation: 2n (N o ) = S 2n (N o )-S 2n (N o +2) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D1S GT3 SLy4+GCM SLy4 SkP Exp. FRDM 1995 Duflo-Zuker 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Element number M. Bender et al. PRC73 (2006) 034332 P. Möller et al., ADNDT 59 (1995) 185 M. Stoitsov et al., Int. J. Mass Spectr. 251 (2006) 243 M. Stoitsov et al., PRC 68 (2003) 054312 T. Otsuka, private comm. J. Hakala et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 052502

N=50 shell gap; ; data vs. predictions Best agreement with FRDM (well known sophisticated microscopic-macroscopic model) Both spherical mean field calculations by Otsuka et al overpredícts the gap (GT3 and D1S interactions) Density functional theories (Sly4 and SkP) predict trends: monotonic decrease from Z=40 to Z=32 and increae towards 78 Ni, but th emagnitude of the gap varies, which may be due to the difference in isoscalar effective mass affecting level densities Similar calculation by Bender et al. with deformed basis and additional quadrupole correlations brings calculations close to the measurements 2n (N o =50) [MeV] 10 Shell gap equation: 2n (N o ) = S 2n (N o )-S 2n (N o +2) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 D1S GT3 SLy4+GCM SLy4 SkP Exp. FRDM 1995 Duflo-Zuker 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 Element number M. Bender et al. PRC73 (2006) 034332 P. Möller et al., ADNDT 59 (1995) 185 M. Stoitsov et al., Int. J. Mass Spectr. 251 (2006) 243 M. Stoitsov et al., PRC 68 (2003) 054312 T. Otsuka, private comm. IG-4 + JYFLTRAP, MATS, J. Hakala et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 052502

stable nucleus JYFLTRAP 2007 ( 58 Ni + 58 Ni) V.-V. Elomaa et al., (2009) submitted to PRL JYFLTRAP 2006 ( 40 Ca + 58 Ni) C. Weber et al., PRC 78 (2008) 054310 A. Kankainen et al., PRL 101 (2008) 142503 JYFLTRAP 2006 (p/ 3 He + nat Ru/ 106 Cd) V.V Elomaa et al., EPJ A (2009) in press JYFLTRAP 2005 ( 32 S + 58 Ni) A. Kankainen et al., EPJ A 29 (2006) 271 T 1/2 > 10 ms, m > 10 kev T 1/2 > 10 ms, Unknown mass Rp- and p-process process studies Ru (44) Rh (45) Pd (46) Ag (47) Cd (48) In (49) Sn (50) Sb (51) Te (52) I (53) Xe (54) N=Z Nb (41) Mo (42) Tc (43) Y (39) Zr (40) Sr (38) N 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Sr (38) stable nucleus JYFLTRAP 2007 ( 58 Ni + 58 Ni) V.-V. Elomaa et al., (2009) submitted to PRL JYFLTRAP 2006 ( 40 Ca + 58 Ni) C. Weber et al., PRC 78 (2008) 054310 A. Kankainen et al., PRL 101 (2008) 142503 JYFLTRAP 2006 (p/ 3 He + nat Ru/ 106 Cd) V.V Elomaa et al., EPJ A (2009) in press JYFLTRAP 2005 ( 32 S + 58 Ni) A. Kankainen et al., EPJ A 29 (2006) 271 T 1/2 > 10 ms, m > 10 kev T 1/2 > 10 ms, Unknown mass Y (39) Zr (40) Nb (41) Rp- and p-process process studies Mo (42) Tc (43) Ru (44) Rh (45) Pd (46) Ag (47) Cd (48) In (49) Sn (50) I (53) Xe (54) N=Z Y ( Z 1, N) Te (52) S p ( Z 1, N) exp Y ( Z, NSb ) (51) kt N 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

SnSbTe-cycle: End of the rp-process process? Q p ( 105 Sb) increased by 130 kev No chance for SnSbTe cycle in 104 Sn (nor 103 Sn) H. Schatz et al, PRL86 (2001) 3471 Could cycle develop in 105 Sn? - depends on the Q p ( 106 Sb) -Q p = -950(210) kev [A. Plochocki et al, Phys. Lett. 106B (1981) 385 ] -Q p = -360(320) kev [AME2003, G. Audi et al., NPA 729 (2003) 337 ] JYFLTRAP: Branching to the SnSbTe cycle weaker than expected V.-V. Elomaa et al., (2009) submitted 17.2.2009

JYFLTRAP program summary Neutron-deficient nuclei: 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 Rp and p-processes, particle decaying 55 isomers ( 94 Ag, 53 Co), S p ( 93 Rh), SnSbTecycle, 55 50isospin symmetry, mirror transitions, 50 45 45 40 40 Z 35 30 25 20 15 10 Precise Q-values: Neutron-rich nuclei: 20 N=50 and Z=28 shell gaps, N=40 sub-shell closure, onset of deformation, evolution of collectivity in 15 transitional nuclei, 10 10 15 20 Superallowed 25 30 35 beta 40 decay, 45 50 -decay 55 60 65 70 75 80 ( 76 Ge, 100 Mo, 112 Sn), rare N decays ( 115 In), 35 Trap-assisted spectroscopy: 30 In-trap and decay studies, fission yields, 25

JYFLTRAP outlook Nuclear structure issues, V pn, unexplored regions, Superallowed -decay -decay, Mirror transitions Isospin symmetry, 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 nuclear astrophysics 55 55 Z 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 50 Fission yields, 45 nspectroscopy, 40 Shell gaps (N=82, Z=28, N=50, N=40) 35 deformation, nuclear astrophysics, 30 25 20 15 10 P. Möller et al., PRL 97 (2006) 162502 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 N

JYFLTRAP @ IGISOL-4 MCC30, 18-30 MeV H -, 9-15 MeV d -, 100 A Next Session: P. Heikkinen New location and lay-out of the IGISOL-facility Plenty of on-line time: flexible scheduling, longer experiments, Development time: d-induced fission, new targets, n-converter, LIS(T), Next Session: I. Moore R&D on instrumentation, trapping of multiply-charged ions, Instrumentation for complete spectroscopy of g.s. properties, excited states and different decay modes Present hall + IGISOL area + K130 Hall extension + new IGISOL area + MCC30

Construction site Jan-2008 17.4.2009 Jan-2009 V.-V. Elomaa, T. Eronen, J. Hakala, A. Jokinen, A. Kankainen, I. Moore, S. Rinta-Antila, J. Rissanen, A. Saastamoinen and J. Äystö and IGISOL-crew Alumni: U. Hager, V. Kolhinen, S. Kopecky, S. Rahaman, S. Rinta-Antila, J. Szerypo and C. Weber

Reaching the most exotic GSI GSI today today New New facility facility FAIR FAIR SIS 100/300 UNILAC SIS 18 ESR CBM 100 m HESR Super FRS from FAIR CDR, section 2 RESR CR FLAIR NESR

Low Energy Branch of the Super-FRS LASPEC MATS Ion catcher SUPER-FRS This workshop: M. Winkler, Thursday Energy Buncher

MATS Precision Measurements of Very-Short Lived Nuclei Using an Advances Trapping System for Highly-Charged Ions Spokesperson: Klaus Blaum Co-spokesperson: Ari Jokinen, J.R. Crespo López-Urrutia Project manager: Frank Herfurth BELGIUM, CANADA, FRANCE, FINLAND, GERMANY, INDIA, SPAIN, SWEDEN, USA and RUSSIA

Experiments with Exotic Nuclei Trap-assisted spectroscopy Measurement Penning trap Atomic masses 0.1 m Detectors: - FT-ICR - TOF-ICR - Si(Li) electron Precision trap: mass measurements Ground Floor Cooler trap: beam preparation & spectroscopy EBIT Preparation Penning trap 0.1 m Magn. deflector: q/m separation HV Cage HV Cage 0.0 EBIT: charge breeding Side View In-Trap Spectroscopy 10.5 m f c 1 2 q m B

http://research.jyu.fi/igisol/jyfltrap_masses/