UNDERGROUND MINING ENGINEERING 14 (2005) 95-100 UDK 62 FACULTY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY, BELGRADE YU ISSN 0354-2904 ABSTRACT Expert paper GIS CONTENT PROPOSAL FOR UNDERGROUND MINING ROOMS Milutinović Aleksandar 1, Dimitrijević Slobodan 1 This paper presents proposal of geodetic information system in mining, its content for prospecting and registration of space changing and content of underground mining room. Key words: GIS, mining, underground mining rooms INTRODUCTION Geodetical Information System (GIS) is necessary for quality and efficient collecting, defining, modeling and managing information about spacing, time, and theme for underground mining. In order to realize all demands that justify its formation and establishing, it is necessary to define GIS content and this will represent basis for development of space and time-related applications, including collecting, storing, organizing, treating, searching, graphical presentation, and visualization of space and time relating referenced information, analyses and conclusions based on those information. Starting elements for defining GIS content are based on GIS distribution in three groups of information about underground room, which are connected by space, theme, and dated data: Mine surveying basis, Geometry of underground room, Thematic content (in the underground room). Each group contains textual-numeric and graphical data and their quantity depends on number of members in the group. Each group-part (traverse point, underground room, belt conveyor, support, etc.) contains determined number of attributes (data), which determine position of the single member in space and time, and makes basis for establishing data base referring to underground room. Data base contains textual and numerical records, which are base for searching, sorting and selecting of data relevant for the certain activity, analysis, conclusions, etc. First group deal with information about date of putting, location, kind, appearance, mark and number. 1 Faculty of Mining and Geology Belgrade
96 Milutinović A.; Dimitrijević S.; In second and third group of information, date for work starting, as information important for all members to defining all relevant data for space condition, is primary. This information, related to kind and usage of the room, is defined by mark and number. Space character of information about underground room demands graphical presentations, projections, 3D animations and digital photographs. Data from the base are connected with the appropriatebelonging objects (lines, traverses, points, symbols, marks, etc.). This is the way of connecting and defining space-graphical content and belonging space information (attributes). This connection enables space data analysis for successful and fast search of a single underground room for defining content, supervision of room condition and changes, designing conception of future activities, planning, etc. MINE SURVEY BASIS Mine survey base is represented by traverse and observation points, fixed in the roof, floor or at the side of the drift. Space position of these points is determined by the X, Y, Z coordinates. Mine survey is basis for measurements used to determine room geometry and objects' position, recording changes in the space and room and for installing new basic points for observations of room changes, based on dynamical changes. GIS mine survey base contains: - type and usage of room, with a mark and number, - traverse points description, mark, space coordinates, directing side angles, horizontal and inclined length, height difference between points, accuracy and methods of angles and length measurements, applied instruments and kits, dates of point installing and measurements, persons executing works, - observation points description, marks, height points, height differences, applied instruments and kits, dates of fixed points installing and people executing works. - graphical presentation of the mine survey base is to be realised by symbols and marks according to JUS, for mining marks and symbols. GEOMETRY OF THE UNDERGROUND ROOM Geometry of the underground room is determined by room dimensions and its position in space.
Gis content proposal for underground... 97 GIS of the underground room geometry contains: - type and usage of room, with a mark and number, - room length (horizontal and inclined), from one point to another, - room width on the floor, - room height, - cross section shape, - diameter (for circle cross section shape), - height difference between room ending points, - decline/gradient of room, - room orientation (directorate angle of longitude axis) - cross section clearance space, - room volume, - room in curve elements of curve (starting, middle and ending point, radius, length of arch) - situation map of the room (1:2500, 1:1000, 1:500, 1:250,...) and appropriate projection display, - mark and number of the room, traverse and fixed observe points, - longitude and cross section of the room, - 3D room display, - digital photo of the room, THEMATIC CONTENT (CONTENTS IN UNDERGROUND ROOM) Objects in underground room Depending on type and usage of the underground room, technical and technological characteristics of the raw material production process, physical and mechanical characteristics of the rock mass in which room is situated, certain objects (devices, machines, pipes, support, electrical cables, etc.) are placed in it. GIS for the underground room objects records and observes changes on objects regarding type, overall dimensions and space position in the room. GIS for the underground room objects contains: - type and usage of the room with a mark and number, - devices and machines for excavation and loading, - support (type, distance, fill...) - haulage (belt conveyor, conveyor, wire ropeway, wagon, truck,...)
98 Milutinović A.; Dimitrijević S.; - hoisting (belt conveyor, wagon, truck,...) - energy net electrical, pneumatic (generator, transformer, cables, compressor, pipes,...) - ventilation (ventilator, tubes, air-doors,...), - dewatering (canals, pipes, pumps, sumps, water doors,...) - graphical presentations of the underground room, enriched with object situated in the room. Appearances in the underground room Basic characteristics of the room (type and usage) and appearances in the room, which occur permanently or periodically, determine type, frequency and width of the space changes information, their range, recording and updating. Underground mining room is a space with constant or periodical planned changes, but sometimes also unplanned and unpredictable. Unexpected events and incidents are serious threats to the miners' safety, working process, room and objects in it. GIS records expected-designed appearances and events, as well as unexpected-unpredictable appearances in time and space. GIS of the appearances in underground room contains: - type and usage of the room with a mark and number, type of rock mass in which room is situated (metal ore, coal, sandstone, clay, etc.) - technology of room working out, - level of room threat (methane, water breaking, underground stress, room breaking, dust, gases, communication interruption, etc.) - geological appearances (faults, cracks, tectonics, etc.) - working process interruption (reasons, dating), sanation realised permanization, room closing (reasons, dating), revitalization etc. - graphical presentations of the underground room geometry, enriched with basic characteristics and appearances in the room. Final elaborate for GIS defining contains its coordination for: detailed elaboration on the mine level, thematic enriching with content which is not thematic content of GIS, working of other departments and overall business and technical information system,
Gis content proposal for underground... 99 comparative analysis with georeferenced elaborates and data base of the other professional profiles in planning activities and underground mine works. Underground mining room GIS modeling with suggested content, including application of the modern computer techniques and technologies realises: an interactive connection of mapped graphical entities and data base related to their organization and technical belongings, simple and fast search and approach to different space, thematic, and time criteria data by data base opening with visual inquiry on the graphical entity possibility for separate analysis of reports for each department and theme, automatic and scheduled updating of space situation changes with references between data maintenance in time, with minimal collision among data, fast preparation and presentation report, as a basis for deciding and underground room activity planning, compatibility with digital elaborations of the designing and technical realizing documentation. CONCLUSION GIS for the underground room, modeled according to the suggested content, represents basis for all phases of designing and gives many advantages in managing different activities in the underground room. Quality GIS characteristics are: designing department has overview to a each single phase of the digital graphical basis production, enriched with data base information, a designer has an opportunity to sketch optimal organization and technical solution on the graphical base, and send it to his cooperator for supplementing. project does not go to the next phase with incorrect or nonstandardized solutions, because designer is included in whole process of following and registration of changes in space. compatibility and standardization of the space information on the mine level, simultaneous generating of the digital data about space and objects; this is basis for underground mine rooms work out planning and mine development,
100 Milutinović A.; Dimitrijević S.; SADR@AJ GIS-a RUDARSKE PODZEMNE PROSTORIJE P15 P14 RUDARSKO-MERA^ KA OSNOVA R3 GIS RUDARSKE PODZEMNE PROSTORIJE GEOMETRIJA PODZEMNE PROSTORIJE TEMATSKI SADR@AJ Figure no.1. Underground mining room GIS content by placing a GIS on the mine computer server, information are obtainable to all departments for further upgrading, using or consulting by intranet or internet, possibility of consultations and information exchange among all mine departments relevant for working out and maintenance of the underground rooms, hoisting, material distribution, etc., in order to reach the most optimal solutions for previously mentioned activities, in a single moment, eliminating need for workers' physical presence in the underground room. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Langran G., "Time in Geographic Information Systems, Taylor & Francis, 1992. 2. Geology Data Systems at Stawell Gold Mines Compiled by Carol Durant, Geological Draftsperson and Database Administrator, Stawell Gold Mines, October 2001. 3. http://www.srk.cl/english/geotec.php