KM3NeT Astro-particle and Oscillations Research with Cosmics in the Abyss (ARCA & ORCA) International Solvay Institutes 27 29 May 2015, Brussels, Belgium. Maarten de Jong 1
Introduction KM3NeT is a new Research Infrastructure network of cabled observatories located in deep waters of Mediterranean Sea hosting multi-km 3 Neutrino Telescope 1. Discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in Universe 2. Measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy 3. Synergy with Earth & Sea sciences 2
Detection principle neutrino muon 1 2 3 4 5 ~ 100 m interaction ~ km time resolution 1 ns position resolution 10 cm angular resolution 0.1 deg 3
Architecture 10 100 Mb/s shore station computer center neutrino telescope KM3NeT on off remote operation remote access to data 4
Design Launcher vehicle Optical module ~ 600 m rapid deployment autonomous unfurling recoverable 17 31 x 3 PMTs low-power HV LED & piezo inside FPGA readout White Rabbit DWDM 5
RXJ1713 events / year Building block l abs scaling factor l abs scaling factor number of lines number of floors Smallest detector with optimal efficiency ~ 1/6 total size 6
3-inch PMTs Key features: timing 2 ns (RMS) QE 25-30% collection efficiency 90% photon counting purity 100% (by hits, up to 7) price/cm 2 10 PMT ETEL D792 Hamamatsu R12199 HZC XP53B20 ETEL 7
1 TeV muon PDF of muon light 50 m PMT Dt [ns] Angular resolution 0.1 degrees 8
Phased implementation Phase Blocks Primary deliverables 1 0.2 Proof of feasibility and first science results; 2.0 2 ARCA 1 ORCA Measurement of neutrino signal reported by IceCube; All flavor neutrino astronomy; Neutrino mass hierarchy; 3 6 (+1) Neutrino astronomy including Galactic sources; 9
Rate [Hz] Rate [Hz] Prototyping 1) Optical module deployed at Antares April 2013 (2500 m) Eur. Phys. J. C (2014) 74:3056 Multiplicity 2) Mini string deployed at Capo Passero May 2014 (3500 m) To be submitted Eur. Phys. J. C PMT orientation 10
Phase-1 First string assembled end of last year to be deployed at KM3NeT-France following weeks Completion Phase-1 by end 2016 24 strings in KM3NeT-Italy 6 more strings à la ORCA in KM3NeT-France 11
Phase-1 12
ARCA Measurement of neutrino signal reported by IceCube 1 building block 1 building block ~1 km ~1 km 13
PDF of shower light (I) n e wave front ~ 100 m ~ [m] log(e/tev) time resolution 1 ns position resolution 10 cm angular resolution? 14
Cascade analysis 1.0 cut & count 1. Online data filter 5 (or more) coincidences between PMTs in same optical module (DT = 10 ns) 2. Event filter number of hits 2000 3. Vertex cut veto atmospheric muons 4. Energy cut total time-over-threshold 12 ms 5. MRF/MDP cut 2D cut based on Boosted Decision Tree & energy estimate 15
z [m] 3.) Atmospheric muon veto cosmic neutrinos atmospheric muons R 2 [10 3 m 2 ] R 2 [10 3 m 2 ] detector volume vertex cut 80% 16
5.) Signal to Noise sweet spot 17
S events / year / block 5.) Signal to Noise atmospheric muons atmospheric neutrinos (tracks) atmospheric neutrinos (showers) cosmic neutrinos (tracks) cosmic neutrinos (showers) BDT (topology of event) 18
significance [s] Sensitivity muon tracks θ 80 cut & count cascades maximum likelihood F = 1.2 10 8 E 2 e E/(3 PeV) GeV 1 sr 1 s 1 cm 2 observation time [y] Vetoing of atmospheric neutrinos not included. 19
Dq [deg] Resolution Energy KM3NeT/ARCA Preliminary Direction KM3NeT/ARCA Preliminary E R /E T 1 sigma 90% E n [GeV] E R /E T Dq E n [GeV] n e 20
Simulation of 1.5 PeV n t event Passes all cuts. 21
significance [s] Diffuse muon analysis observation time [y] 22
ORCA Measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy 1 building block 200 m 23
mass Neutrino mass hierarchy 10 9 ev proton 10 6 ev electron g 10 3 ev 1 : 1000,000,000,000 10 0 ev neutrino n e n m n t 10-3 ev normal inverted 24
s [10-36 cm 2 ] cos(q) probability EdN/dE [cm -2 s -1 ] Neutrino mass hierarchy oscillations fluxes probability L/E [km/gev] cross sections E [GeV] matter E [GeV] E [GeV] 25
significance [s] ORCA observation time [y] Using prior for q 23 octant and d CP angle. 26
Future prospects (I) 1 building block 1 building block 1 building block ~1 km ~1 km ~1 km 1 building block 1 building block 1 building block ~1 km ~1 km ~1 km 27
significance [s] Future prospects (II) RXJ1713 Galactic sources (binned analysis) Vela X RXJ1713-3946 Vela X S.R. Kelner, et al., Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 034018. F.L. Villante and F. Vissani, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 103007. observation time [y] 28
Earth & Sea sciences France short lived (rare) events dominate life in deep-sea permanent observatory Temperature Bioluminescence sudden Eddy currents Antares food supply observatory time profile 29
KM3NeT status & outlook R&D developed cost-effective technology feedback from prototypes confirm key specifications Phase-1 going ahead as planned Phase-2 ARCA measurement of IceCube flux with different methodology, complementary field of view and improved resolution all flavour neutrino astronomy ORCA measurement of neutrino mass hierarchy Future prospects exploration of our Galaxy 30