This document composed by: Hannu Luodes Geological Survey of Finland Hannu.luodes@gtk.fi tel. +358 20550 3528
CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION... 1 2. LOCATION OF THE QUARRY... 2 3. MINERALOGY... 3 3.1. SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS... 3 3.2. DESCRIPTION OF TEST... 3 3.2.1. Petrographic description, EN 12407:2000... 3 4. MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES... 5 4.1. SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS... 5 4.2. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS... 6 4.2.1. Water absorption at atmospheric pressure, EN 13755:2002... 6 4.2.2. Determination of apparent density and open porosity, EN 1936:1999... 7 4.2.3. Freeze/thaw resistance, EN 12371: 2003... 8 4.2.4. Flexural strength under concentrated load, EN 12372:1999... 8 4.2.5. Compressive strength, EN 1926:1999... 10 4.2.6. Abrasion resistance, EN 14157... 12 4.2.7. Measurement of the slip resistance value (SRV), EN 1342, EN 1341 and EN14231. 13 4.2.8. Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock, EN 14066:2003... 15 4.2.9. Breaking load at dowel hole, EN 13364:2001... 16
1 1. GENERAL INFORMATION The tests performed enable CE marking of the products according to the following harmonized product standards: EN 1341 EN 1342 EN 1343 EN 1469 EN 12057 EN 12058 Slabs of natural stones for external paving. Requirements and test methods. Setts of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods Kerbs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods Natural stone products. Slabs for cladding. Requirements Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements Natural stone products. Slabs for floors and stairs. Requirements
2 2. LOCATION OF THE QUARRY Company: Palin Granit Oy P.O. Box 55 FIN-20101 TURKU Finland Stone: Baltic Brown Quarry 14 The Baltic Brown Quarry 14 is situated in the town of Lappeenranta in the south-eastern Finland. The WGS84 coordinates of the quarry are: N60.829655, E27.853196 Basemaps: National Land Survey of Finland, licence no MML/VIR/TIPA/217/10 and Logica Suomi Oy.
3 3. MINERALOGY 3.1. SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS Producer Palin Granit Oy Stone Baltic Brown Quarry 14 Mineral Wt% Plagioclase 41,18 Potassium feldspar 38,22 Quartz 12,95 Amphibole 3,72 Biotite 1,59 Pyroxene 0,72 Ilmenite 0,66 Others 0,96 Total 100,00 3.2. DESCRIPTION OF TEST 3.2.1. Petrographic description, EN 12407:2000 Company that required the test: Palin Granit Oy P.O. Box 55 FIN-20101 TURKU Finland Specimen code: 09/6 Baltic Brown Quarry 14 Laboratory: Address: Geological Survey of Finland / geologist Hannu Luodes Senior scientist Jukka Laukkanen Geological Survey of Finland P.O.Box 1237 70211 KUOPIO FINLAND The date of preparation of the thin section: 18.12.2009 Dimension of the thin section: 35 x 25 mm The date of the examination: 13.1.2010 Identification number: 1/A9/2010
4 Sample: 09/6 Macroscopic description The colour of the fresh surface is dark brown. The stone has a wiborgite structure, in which larger K-feldspar grains are covered by plagioclase rims. The space between these larger grains is composed of all the minerals of the rock with smaller grain size. The size of the larger K-feldspar-grains is usually under 50 mm and the grain size of the smaller grain mineral mass under 10 mm. The texture of the rock is homogeneous and massive. Microscopic description Mineral Wt % Dimension Habit Shape Boundaries Distribution Orientation Remarks (1) (mm) Plagioclase 41,18 0,05-15 Subhedral Anisometric Partly definable Homogeneous Isotropic Somewhat altered to sericite Potassium feldspar 38,22 Under 16 Anhedral Anisometric Partly definable Homogeneous Isotropic Quartz 12,95 Under 3 Anhedral Anisometric Partly straight and definable Amphibole 3,72 Under 1,5 Anhedral Anisometric Partly definable Biotite 1,59 Under 3 Anhedral Anisometric Partly definable Homogeneous Isotropic Homogeneous Isotropic Homogeneous Isotropic Pyroxene 0,72 Under 0,2 Anhedral Anisometric Indefinable Homogeneous Isotropic Ilmenite 0,66 Under 0,8 Anhedral Anisometric Partly Homogeneous Isotropic definable Others 0,96 Under 0,5 Subhedral Anisometric Partly Homogeneous Isotropic definable 1) Mineral composition determined by MLA equipment with XMOD_std method. 15325 measurement points. Somewhat altered to sericite Slightly altered to biotite and chlorite Slightly altered to chlorite In the microscope the rock consists of larger K-feldspar grains and smaller grain size mineral mass of all the minerals of the rock. The rock is massive. Plagioclase, K-feldspar, amphibole and biotite are partly altered. According to the sample provided by the customer the rock is RAPAKIVI GRANITE.
5 4. MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Laboratory: Stone Pole Laboratory, Juuka, Finland / Researcher Mr Heikki Pirinen, test performed by Ms Tuula Nieminen Document references: number of document in entrance 11/06/NS number of Certificate in exit 1C 4 /11 4.1. SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS Producer Palin Granit Oy Stone Baltic Brown Quarry 14 Standard Test EN 13755 Water absorption (%) mean value 0,1 Standard deviation (%) 0,01 EN 1936 Apparent Density (kg/m3) mean value 2680 density from... To...(kg/m3) 2670-2690 Standard deviation(kg/m3) 7,5 EN 1936 Open porosity (%) mean value 0,4 standard deviation (%) 0,04 EN 12372 Flexural strength (MPa) mean value 7,7 Standard deviation(mpa) 1,6 Min exp value(mpa) 5,5 EN 12371 Flexural strength after frost (MPa) mean value 8,8 Change in mean flexural strength after 48 cycles (%) +14,3 Standard deviation(mpa) 1,6 Min exp value(mpa) 7,2 EN 1926 Compression strength (MPa) mean value 151 Standard deviation(mpa) 14,9 Min exp value(mpa) 150,1 EN 12371 Compressive strength after frost cycles (MPa), average 170 Change in compressive strength after 48 cycles (%) +12,6 Standard deviation (MPa) 13,5 Lower expected value (MPa) 169,4 EN 14231 and CE standards of reference Skid resistance - dry polished mean value 42,2 Skid resistance - wet polished mean value 12,6 Skid resistance - dry honed mean value 51,6 Skid resistance - wet honed mean value 29,3 EN 14157 and CE Abrasion resistance (mm) mean value 15 standards of reference EN 13364 Resistance at the anchoring system Mean breaking Load(N) 3300 Standard deviation (N) 350 d1(mm) 10,7 ba(mm) 38,1 EN 14066 Resistance to Thermal shock from initial type test visual changes no report 10C4/10 max Mass change (%) 0,097
6 4.2. DESCRIPTION OF TESTS 4.2.1. Water absorption at atmospheric pressure, EN 13755:2002 The water absorption test has been performed following the standard SFS-EN 13755:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure The specimens has been dried at constant mass, weighted, immersed gradually in water at atmospheric pressure and weighted in air when saturated. The water absorption has been calculated as 100*(ms-md)/md md: 2 nd dry weigh (+24 h) ms: saturated weigh The mean value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are given besides the uncertainty of the result. Number and Dimensions (mm)- 6 specimens :50 mm x 50 mm x 50mm Surface finish : saw RESULTS: Specimen codes: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 m d (g) 332,16 329,73 338,46 337,94 333,07 332,86 m s (g) 332,51 330,13 338,87 338,29 333,41 333,23 Water absorption A b (%) 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 Mean value m (%) 0,1 Standard dev. s (%) 0,01 Coef. of variation v 0,08
7 4.2.2. Determination of apparent density and open porosity, EN 1936:1999 The apparent density and open porosity test has been performed following the standard SFS-EN 1936:1999 Natural stone test method. Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity. The specimens have been dried at constant mass, weighted (m d ), cooled down in a desiccator, put under vacuum for 1 day, introduced water under vacuum and let them there for 1 day, stop the vacuum and let them under water at atmospheric pressure for 1 day. Then the specimens have been weighted in water (m h ) and in air (m s ). The apparent density has been calculated as: ρ rh *m d /(m s -m h ) in which ρ rh is the density of water at 20ºC =998 kg/m 3. The results of the specimens have been approximated to the nearest 10kg/m 3 and also the average value has the same approximation. The open porosity has been calculated as: 100* (m s -m d )/(m s -m h ) and the results and the average value have been approximated to the nearest 0,1%. The mean value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are given besides the uncertainty of the result. Number and Dimensions (mm)- 6 specimens :50 mm x 50 mm x 50mm Surface finish : saw Specimen codes: 11/06/8 11/06/9 11/06/10 11/06/11 11/06/12 11/06/13 m d (g) 339,49 334,89 332,98 336,04 339,24 337,22 m h (g) 213,78 210,13 209,65 211,25 213,16 212,19 m s (g) 339,96 335,26 333,39 336,54 339,71 337,64 Apparent density r b (kg/m 3 ) 2690 2670 2690 2680 2680 2680 Mean value m (kg/m 3 ) 2680 Stand. deviation s (kg/m 3 ) 7,5 Coefficient of variation v 0,003 Open porosity p o (%) 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,3 Stand. Mean value m (kg/m 3 Coefficient ) 0,4 deviation s 0,04 0,11 (kg/m 3 of variation v )
8 4.2.3. Freeze/thaw resistance, EN 12371: 2003 The frost resistance is performed in accordance with EN 12371: 2003, with 48 cycles of frost in air and thaw in water. The temperature range is shown in the standard. At the end the specimens are dried at constant mass at 70ºC. The frost test is stopped if the specimen broke during the cycles. 4.2.4. Flexural strength under concentrated load, EN 12372:1999 The flexural strength test has been performed according to the standard SFS-EN 12372:1999 The load has been applied at a uniform rate following the scheme as shown is figure. The specimen has been brought to rupture and the maximum load has been recorded to the nearest 10 N. The dimensions that have been measured are the following: l is the distance between the supporting rollers B is the width of the specimen adjacent to the plane of fracture recorded to the nearest 0,1 mm. F H is the thickness of the specimen adjacent to the plane of fracture recorded to the nearest 0,1 mm The flexural strength has been calculated as: 3Fl/2BH 2 and has been expressed to the nearest 0,1 MPa. l In the results are given the average, the standard deviation and the minimum expected value. After the test: H B
9 FRESH MATERIAL RESULTS OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH Specimens: 10 prisms: 60x50x300 mm Specimen codes: 11/06/1 11/06/12 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/5 11/06/6 11/06/11 11/06/8 11/06/9 11/06/10 Span l (mm) 251 249 250 251 251 249 248 250 250 251 Width B (mm) 59,79 60,20 58,79 59,56 58,68 59,57 58,63 59,64 60,38 60,53 Thickness H (mm) 50,13 49,79 49,99 50,24 50,19 49,80 49,65 49,90 50,09 50,13 Breaking load F (N) 3736 3599 1704 3266 3081 3529 2200, 3603 2820 2997 Flex. strength R tf (MPa) 8 9,3 9,0 4,3 8,2 7,8 8,9 5,7 9,1 7,0 7,4 Mean m (MPa) 7,7 Standard deviation s (MPa) 1,6 Coefficient of variation v 0,21 MATERIAL AFTER FROST CYCLES RESULTS OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH: Specimens: 10 prisms: 60mm x 50mm x 300 mm, surface sawed Specimen codes: 10/09/ 1 10/09 /2 10/09 /3 10/09 /4 10/09 /5 10/09 /6 10/09 /7 10/09 /8 10/09 /9 10/09/ 10 Span l (mm) 251 250 247 249 246 250 246 251 249 249 Width B (mm) 58,62 58,38 60,62 58,15 58,95 58,40 59,71 60,46 59,42 60,06 Thickness H (mm) 50,21 49,93 49,34 49,87 49,15 49,90 49,17 50,11 49,88 49,89 Breaking load F (N) 3921 3396 3641 4039 4128 3083 3602 3270 2007 3339 Flex. strength R tf (MPa) 10,0 8,7 9,1 10,4 10,7 7,9 9,2 8,1 5,1 8,4 Mean m (MPa) 8,8 Standard deviation s (MPa) 1,6 Coefficient of variation v 0,18
10 4.2.5. Compressive strength, EN 1926:1999 The compressive strength test has been performed according to the standard SFS-EN 1926:1999 F The specimens have been dried at constant mass. Before to perform the test the dimensions of the specimens have been measured: H is the height of the specimen B1M and B2M are the cross sectional B2M H dimensions: B1M is obtained by averaging 2 measures taken in the upper and lower face of the cube in one direction and is calculated to B1M the nearest 0,1 mm B2M is obtained by averaging 2 measures taken in the upper and lower face of the cube in the direction perpendicular to the previous one and is calculated to the nearest 0,1 mm l m is obtaining averaging B1M and B2M. Then the load has been applied continuously at a constant stress rate until the brake happen, and the maximum load has been recorded (F), approximated to the nearest 1kN. The uniaxial compressive strength (R) of the specimen is given by the ratio: F/( l m * l m ) The Average value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are as well indicated.
11 FRESH MATERIAL RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH: Specimens: 6 prisms: 70mm x 70mm x 70 mm, surface sawed Specimen codes: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average length l m (mm) 69,6 69,9 70,4 70,2 70,1 69,6 Breaking load F (kn) 669,9 650,2 776,5 712,6 851,5 767,6 Compressive strength R (MPa) 138 133 157 145 173 158 Mean m (MPa) 151 Standard deviation s (MPa) 14,9 Coefficient of variation v 0,099 RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AFTER FROST CYCLES: Specimens: 6 prisms: 70mm x 70mm x 70 mm, surface sawed Specimen codes: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average length l m (mm) 69,8 70,0 69,5 70,3 69,4 69,5 Breaking load F (kn) 878,7 822,6 771,6 947,9 769,6 771,9 Compressive strength R (MPa) 180 168 160 192 160 160 Mean m (MPa) 170 Standard deviation s (MPa) 13,5 Coefficient of variation v 0,079
12 4.2.6. Abrasion resistance, EN 14157 Test performed following:en 14157 Natural stone test methods - Determination of the abrasion resistance Scheme of the apparatus: Abrasive (corundum) dispenser for the abrasive Abrasion wheel The specimen is painted and is placed on the holding part, the dispenser is open and the abrasive starts to fall down, the wheel starts to turn. After 75 rotations it stops and the specimen is taken out. The print (groove) given by the wheel is measured. The groove has a rectangle shape and the width is measured in the middle section after to have drawn the two longitudinal lines (The two external points of the groove are A and B). Specimen Width groove longitudinal lines Specimens: 6 specimens 110x160x30mm code specim. 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Groove length AB (mm) 14,42 14,17 14,30 14,71 14,80 13,56 Abrasion resistance R i (mm) 15 14 15 15 15 14 Mean value (m): 15 mm
13 4.2.7. Measurement of the slip resistance value (SRV), EN 1342, EN 1341 and EN14231 Test as in EN 1342 and EN 1341 and as in EN14231 in wet and dry conditions: In the Dry test the specimens are kept dry and the test is performed in dry conditions, in the Wet test the specimens are immersed in water at 20ºC for more than 2 hours and the test is performed in wet condition. The position of the pendulum tester is controlled adjusting the bubble level and the zero of the apparatus is calibrated. The specimen is placed and the height of the pendulum arm is controlled. In the dry test the pendulum is released and the value on the scale is red. In the wet test the surface of the stone is spread of water as the surface of the rubber slider, then the pendulum is released and the value on the scale is read. For each specimen are done 5 or 3 measurements in 2 opposite directions and written the means values on both the directions. The value of the specimen will be the mean value of the 2 values recorded. A Screw for the vertical adjustment B Screw for block or release the vertical adjustment C Button for release the pendulum D Friction for calibrate the zero of the apparatus The slider used has dimensions: 76 mm wide 1 scale (126 mm sliding length) 2 scale (76 mm sliding length) 3 Pointer 4 Pendulum 5 Rubber Slider 6 Levelling Screw 7 Spirit Level 8 Test Specimen Holder 9 Vertical Adjustment Screw
14 RESULTS SLIP RESISTANCE TEST POLISHED SURFACE - DRY Code of specimens: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average in the direction a 40,30 45,70 45,00 45,00 40,70 39,30 Average in the direction b 42,30 42,70 41,00 43,70 39,00 41,00 Rounded average on the slab 41,3 44,2 43,0 44,4 39,9 40,2 Mean value: 42,2 RESULTS SLIP RESISTANCE TEST POLISHED SURFACE - WET Code of specimens: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average in the direction a 13,00 12,70 11,30 12,70 16,30 14,00 Average in the direction b 10,00 12,30 13,70 11,30 12,70 10,70 Rounded average on the slab 11,5 12,5 12,5 12,0 14,5 12,4 Mean value: 12,6 RESULTS SLIP RESISTANCE TEST MATT POLISHED SURFACE - DRY Code of specimens: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average in the direction a 50,70 49,30 54,30 52,30 53,30 51,00 Average in the direction b 52,30 50,30 49,70 53,70 50,70 52,00 Rounded average on the slab 51,5 49,8 52,0 53,0 52,0 51,5 Mean value: 51,6 RESULTS SLIP RESISTANCE TEST MATT POLISHED SURFACE - WET Code of specimens: 11/06/1 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/4 11/06/6 Average in the direction a 27,30 26,00 33,70 29,70 28,30 32,30 Average in the direction b 27,30 25,70 28,00 30,30 30,00 33,00 Rounded average on the slab 27,3 25,9 30,9 30,0 29,2 32,7 Mean value: 29,3
15 4.2.8. Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock, EN 14066:2003 (From initial type test report 10C 4 /10) Reference to standard SFS-EN 14066:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock The stone is dried to constant mass and weighed (m0), the fundamental resonance frequency is measured according to EN 14146. Twenty cycles of heat at 105 C and immersion in water at 20ºC are performed and the tiles are visually inspected and reweighed (mf), the fundamental resonance frequency is measured again. A visual description of the tiles, the evaluation of change of mass ( m) and of change of dynamic elastic modulus are performed. m (%) = (m f -m 0 /m 0 )*100 E d (%) = (Ed 0 -Ed f /Ed 0 )*100 RESULTS: Amount of samples and dimensions: 4 pieces; 30x200x200 mm Surface finish: Polished Date of start: 01.06.2010 Date of end: 01.07.2010 EVALUATION OF THE CHANGE OF MASS: code specimen m 0 (g) m f (g) m (%) 10/09/1 2003,63 2001,93 0,085 10/09/2 1995,62 1992,86 0,138 10/09/3 1948,46 1946,74 0,088 10/09/4 1946,66 1944,97 0,087 10/09/5 2073,66 2071,69 0,095 10/09/6 2082,13 2080,23 0,091 Average value: 0,097% VISUAL DESCRIPTION: 09/20/1: No visual alterations. 09/20/4: No visual alterations. 09/20/5: No visual alterations. 09/20/6: No visual alterations. 09/20/7: No visual alterations. 09/20/8: No visual alterations.
16 4.2.9. Breaking load at dowel hole, EN 13364:2001 Reference standard EN13364:2001 Natural stone Test methods- Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole F The specimen has dimension 200x200x30 mm. A hole of 10 mm is made on one side, and a dowel of 6mm diameter is placed with Cement I 52,5R. A force is applied until the specimen brake. d1 d b A At the end is recorder - The breaking load (F) in (N) approximated to the nearest 50N -the distance from the hole to the face in the direction of the force (d1) in (mm), approximate to 1,0 mm - maximum distance of the centre of the hole to the fracture edges (b A ) in (mm), approximate to 1,0 mm The mean load and the standard deviation are given as well in the results. 11/06/1 Code spec. 11/06/2 11/06/3 11/06/4 11/06/5 11/06/1b 11/06/2b 11/06/3b 11/06/4b 11/06/5b d 1 (mm) 10,58 10,76 11,40 10,90 9,76 10,57 10,82 10,64 11,22 10,84 b A (mm) 38,7 31,1 38,6 44,9 46,6 40,2 43,4 28,8 37,5 31,0 F (N) 3381 3311 3980 3473 3389 3135 3614 2703 3366 2882 Average max. fracture length b A (mm) 38,1 Average Breaking load F (N) 3300 Average breaking thickness d 1 (mm) 10,7 Standard deviation s (N) 350 Coefficient of variation v 0,11