Oil and NGLs in the Devonian New Albany Shale? Brandon C. Nuttall, Speaker Kentucky Geological Survey KOGA, Louisville, Ky 16 Jul 2014
Natural Gas Phases at 1 Atm Benzene (C6) Hexane (C6) Pentane (C5) isopentane (C5) Butane (C4) isobutane (C4) Propane (C3) Ethane (C2) Methane (C1) 176 156 97 82 31 11 44 127 260 Natural Gas Liquids Liquid Gas webbook.nist.gov 0 20 40 60 80 100 Boiling Fahrenheit (Deg.) points
Available Production Data 160 New Albany shale wells with at least 3 years of production data
Composite Shale Gas Decline Dimensionless rate (q/qmax) 1 0.1 70% 75th percentile 50% of q max Median 33% 25th percentile 0 12 24 36 Time (months)
New Albany Shale Gas Production 3-Year Cumulative (MMcf) 160 wells 1,000 100 18.8 MMcf 10 1.1 MMcf 1 0.1 1 10 100 Maximum Production Rate (MMcf)
Kentucky Natural Gas Percent 100 10 1 GPM: 3.1 Wetness: 11.9 Btu Min: 796 Med: 1,092 Max: 1,288 0.1 U.S. Bureau of Mines Helium Analysis Database (NIST)
Gallons NGL/Mcf GPM 10 8 6 4 2? 6.9 80% 1.6 0 Bakken Eagle Ford Green River Marcellus Utica Ohio New Albany
Oil Production from New Albany Endeavor Energy #4 Burton Whitfill (107296) #1 Baum (107321) #3 Burton Whitfill (107322) #5 Whitfill (107651) Hard Rock#1 Pullen (110407) Thanks to Dave Harris for digging these out
Initial Completions Endeavor wells Vertical wellbore Cased hole High GR in Grassy Creek 7 to 8 interval Water: 376 to 390 bbl Sand: 45,000 lb IOF 150 to 200 Mcf/d Oil after 1 yr +/ Previous wells Vertical wellbore Cased hole New Albany 113 to 160 interval Nitrogen foam frac Sand: 60,000 lb IOF 20 to 500 Mcf/d Some production data indicate possible oil
New Albany Res Frac Den GR Most previous completions 4.5 casing to 1860 Endeavor 5 Whitfill 200 Mcf (IOF, 2011) 33 Bo/d & 60 Mcf (2012)
Hardrock 1 Pullen Gas/Oil Ratios (Mcf/bbl) 2 Endeavor 5 Whitfill 3.6 Endeavor 4 Burton Whitfill 1.8, 5.7 GPM 3.8, 5.0 GPM 4
2012 Oil Production (Bbls) Hardrock 1 Pullen Endeavor 5 Whitfill Endeavor 3 Whitfill Burton Endeavor 4 Burton Whitfill Endeavor 1 Baum 3,454 367 685 976 5,482 Bbls
Isopach of New Albany
Structure on Top of New Albany No significant closure
Base of Beech Creek (Barlow) Possible nosing No significant closure Needs more detailed local mapping After Smith (1997) KGS Ser. XI, OF 97 0005
During visit: Estimated 10 12 bo/d 20 Mcf/d 400 psi backpressure Endeavor #5 Whitfill
Preparing to Sample Fluids
Sampling Oil Natural gas Emulsion Water Medium olive, 42 API oil All sampling done in closed systems
Analyses & Data Sets Natural gas Oil Composition Isotopes Whole oil GC Isotopes MPLC Cuttings/Core Extract GC Aromatic GCMS Saturate GCMS MPLC Endeavor 4 Endeavor 5 KGS 1 Blan YES YES YES YES YES YES
Not a Geochemist
Oil & Extract Gas Chromatographs Phytane/n c18 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Ordovician 0 0.5 1 1.5 Pristane/n C17 Non Ordovician Ordovician Cincinnati Arch West Kentucky Extracts Oils Data: Burgess, Humble Geochemical Burruss, USGS Reynolds (WKY) Modified from Hamilton Smith (KGS unpublished) Hunt (1995)
Rock Eval Definitions S1 free oil content S2 remaining hydrocarbon potential T max temperature of maximum rate of evolution of S2 hydrocarbons, thermal maturity Kerogen types: HI normalized hydrogen content OI normalized oxygen content
Endeavor #4 Pyrogram Organic rich, early mature source rock Broad S2 indicates large capacity to generate hydrocarbons Temperature 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Temperature FID Response S1 S2 0 5 10 15 20 Time (Minutes) T max : 430 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Thousands
HI 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 I Oil-prone RPSEA IP136 (KY) Endeavor 4 Blan II Oil-prone Rock Eval Early mature Type I & II Oil prone Marine 400 300 200 100 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 OI Modified van Krevelen Gas-prone III Blan: Nuttall (2013) KGS Ser 12, RI 17 IP136: Chou and others, (1991) RPSEA: Salehi and others, (2010) contract 07122 6
T max ( C) Max. Expulsion of Observations 12 10 8 6 4 Immature Early mature Dry Gas 2 0 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 After Cole et al (1994) Data from Endeavor 4, Blan, IP136, RPSEA
Gas Wetness Gas Wetness, log(c1/(c2+c3)) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Southern Indiana & Meade County D r y e r Grayson County Endeavor wells Western & South Central Indiana 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Depth (meters) Modified from RPSEA (2010) 07122 16
Methane Isotopes 120 100 80 450 350 250 150 50 δd C1 60 40 20 0 δ 13 C Early mature thermogenic Whiticar (1999)
Kentucky Devonian Shale Wells Outcrop In subsurface Oil in shale Breckinridge County Shrewsbury area (possible) 22 New Abany wells with at least some reported oil production
29 Permits issued since 1/1/13
Summary Relatively rich source rock Type I & II marine, oil prone Early mature Thermogenic gas Extremely limited data 2 data points does not make a play Potential for oil and NGLs Down dip?
Acknowledgments Glynn Beck Marty Parris Dave Harris Ray Henning
Thanks Brandon C. Nuttall Kentucky Geological Survey www.uky.edu/kgs bnuttall@uky.edu (859) 323 0544
RPSEA Contract 07122 16 RPSEA/GTI, 2010 Detailed geochemical and geomechanical assessment of selected wells in Indiana and Kentucky www.rpsea.org www.gastechnology.org www.isgs.illinois.edu
Chou and others, IP 136 Rock Eval pyrolysis and oil fingerprinting data for wells in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky (includes data other than New Albany Shale)
KGS #1 Blan Publication www.uky.edu/kgs to download PDF TOC 4.75% to 9.74% Oil to wet gas TAI 2 to 2.3 Ro max 0.45% to 0.55% T max 431⁰Cto 440⁰C 9.48x10 5 md RI 17, 2013
Gallons per Mcf HCGas [C2, C3,, C6+] mole% i from gas analysis galpermole i gas processing handbooks 2.6351 lb moles of gas per 1,000 ft 3